diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/CHANGELOG.md b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/CHANGELOG.md
index 72b204df1f..120f6564ef 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 * Updated OpenTelemetry core component version(s) to `1.15.2`.
   ([#4080](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet-contrib/pull/4080))
 
+* Fixed trace enrichment callbacks so exceptions thrown by user-provided
+  enrichers or enrichment actions no longer interrupt trace processing.
+  ([#4165](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet-contrib/pull/4165))
+
 ## 1.15.0-beta.1
 
 Released 2026-Jan-21
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/EnrichmentEventSource.cs b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/EnrichmentEventSource.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77157ac417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/EnrichmentEventSource.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+using System.Diagnostics.Tracing;
+using OpenTelemetry.Internal;
+
+namespace OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment;
+
+[EventSource(Name = "OpenTelemetry-Extensions-Enrichment")]
+internal sealed class EnrichmentEventSource : EventSource
+{
+    public static EnrichmentEventSource Log = new();
+
+    private EnrichmentEventSource()
+    {
+    }
+
+    [NonEvent]
+    public void TraceEnricherException(string operationName, TraceEnricher enricher, Exception ex)
+    {
+        if (this.IsEnabled(EventLevel.Warning, EventKeywords.All))
+        {
+            var enricherType = enricher.GetType();
+            this.TraceEnricherException(operationName, enricherType.FullName ?? enricherType.Name, ex.ToInvariantString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    [NonEvent]
+    public void TraceEnrichmentActionException(Action<TraceEnrichmentBag> action, Exception ex)
+    {
+        if (this.IsEnabled(EventLevel.Warning, EventKeywords.All))
+        {
+            var method = action.Method;
+            var declaringType = method.DeclaringType;
+            var actionName = declaringType is null
+                ? method.Name
+                : $"{declaringType.FullName ?? declaringType.Name}.{method.Name}";
+
+            this.TraceEnrichmentActionException(actionName, ex.ToInvariantString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Event(1, Message = "Trace enricher '{0}' threw during '{1}'. Trace processing will continue. Exception: '{2}'.", Level = EventLevel.Warning)]
+    public void TraceEnricherException(string enricherType, string operationName, string exception)
+    {
+        this.WriteEvent(1, enricherType, operationName, exception);
+    }
+
+    [Event(2, Message = "Trace enrichment action '{0}' threw. Trace processing will continue. Exception: '{1}'.", Level = EventLevel.Warning)]
+    public void TraceEnrichmentActionException(string actionName, string exception)
+    {
+        this.WriteEvent(2, actionName, exception);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/TraceEnrichmentActions.cs b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/TraceEnrichmentActions.cs
index 2988495385..293cb4acd6 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/TraceEnrichmentActions.cs
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/TraceEnrichmentActions.cs
@@ -18,7 +18,15 @@ public override void Enrich(in TraceEnrichmentBag bag)
     {
         for (var i = 0; i < this.actions.Length; i++)
         {
-            this.actions[i].Invoke(bag);
+            var action = this.actions[i];
+            try
+            {
+                action.Invoke(bag);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                EnrichmentEventSource.Log.TraceEnrichmentActionException(action, ex);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/TraceEnrichmentProcessor.cs b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/TraceEnrichmentProcessor.cs
index 624fe824e0..abe275e2e2 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/TraceEnrichmentProcessor.cs
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/Internal/TraceEnrichmentProcessor.cs
@@ -22,7 +22,14 @@ public override void OnStart(Activity activity)
 
         foreach (var enricher in this.traceEnrichers)
         {
-            enricher.EnrichOnActivityStart(bag);
+            try
+            {
+                enricher.EnrichOnActivityStart(bag);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                EnrichmentEventSource.Log.TraceEnricherException(nameof(this.OnStart), enricher, ex);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -32,7 +39,14 @@ public override void OnEnd(Activity activity)
 
         foreach (var enricher in this.traceEnrichers)
         {
-            enricher.Enrich(bag);
+            try
+            {
+                enricher.Enrich(bag);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                EnrichmentEventSource.Log.TraceEnricherException(nameof(this.OnEnd), enricher, ex);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.csproj b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.csproj
index 7502016984..947f803101 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.csproj
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.csproj
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\src\Shared\ExceptionExtensions.cs" Link="Includes\ExceptionExtensions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\src\Shared\Guard.cs" Link="Includes\Guard.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/EventSourceTests.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/EventSourceTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ecaae95216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/EventSourceTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+using OpenTelemetry.Tests;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests;
+
+public class EventSourceTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void EventSourceTests_EnrichmentEventSource()
+    {
+        var eventSourceType = typeof(TraceEnricher).Assembly.GetType("OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.EnrichmentEventSource", throwOnError: true)!;
+        EventSourceTestHelper.ValidateEventSourceIds(eventSourceType);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests.csproj b/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests.csproj
index 3fb222cb44..7bb2716d63 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests.csproj
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests.csproj
@@ -17,4 +17,9 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment\OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\test\Shared\EventSourceTestHelper.cs" Link="Includes\EventSourceTestHelper.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="$(RepoRoot)\test\Shared\InMemoryEventListener.cs" Link="Includes\InMemoryEventListener.cs" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
 </Project>
diff --git a/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/OpenTelemetryEnrichmentServiceCollectionExtensionsTests.cs b/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/OpenTelemetryEnrichmentServiceCollectionExtensionsTests.cs
index cb1d244a1d..13b6ebaa15 100644
--- a/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/OpenTelemetryEnrichmentServiceCollectionExtensionsTests.cs
+++ b/test/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.Tests/OpenTelemetryEnrichmentServiceCollectionExtensionsTests.cs
@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.Tracing;
+using System.Reflection;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
+using OpenTelemetry.Tests;
 using OpenTelemetry.Trace;
 using Xunit;
 
@@ -183,4 +186,189 @@ public async Task FactoryMethod_RegistersEnricher()
 
         await host.StopAsync();
     }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task DelegateMethod_SwallowsExceptionsFromEnrichmentActions()
+    {
+        var exportedItems = new List<Activity>();
+        using var eventListener = new InMemoryEventListener(GetEnrichmentEventSource(), EventLevel.Verbose);
+
+        const string testKey = "safe-key";
+        const string testValue = "safe-value";
+
+        using var host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder()
+            .ConfigureServices(services => services
+                .AddOpenTelemetry()
+                .WithTracing(builder => builder
+                    .AddSource(SourceName)
+                    .AddInMemoryExporter(exportedItems))
+                .Services
+                .AddTraceEnricher(ThrowingEnrichmentAction)
+                .AddTraceEnricher((Action<TraceEnrichmentBag>)(bag => bag.Add(testKey, testValue))))
+            .Build();
+
+        await host.StartAsync();
+
+        using var source = new ActivitySource(SourceName);
+
+        var exception = Record.Exception(() =>
+        {
+            using var activity = source.StartActivity(SourceName);
+            Assert.NotNull(activity);
+            activity.Stop();
+        });
+
+        Assert.Null(exception);
+        Assert.Single(exportedItems);
+        Assert.Equal(testValue, exportedItems[0].TagObjects.Single(tag => tag.Key == testKey).Value);
+
+        var loggedEvent = Assert.Single(eventListener.Events);
+        var payload = loggedEvent.Payload!.Select(Assert.IsType<string>).ToArray();
+        Assert.Equal(2, loggedEvent.EventId);
+        Assert.Contains(payload, value => value.Contains(nameof(ThrowingEnrichmentAction), StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        Assert.Contains(payload, value => value.Contains("boom", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+
+        await host.StopAsync();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task InstanceMethod_SwallowsExceptionsFromEnrich()
+    {
+        var exportedItems = new List<Activity>();
+        using var eventListener = new InMemoryEventListener(GetEnrichmentEventSource(), EventLevel.Verbose);
+        var trackingEnricher = new TrackingTraceEnricher();
+
+        using var host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder()
+            .ConfigureServices(services => services
+                .AddOpenTelemetry()
+                .WithTracing(builder => builder
+                    .AddSource(SourceName)
+                    .AddInMemoryExporter(exportedItems))
+                .Services
+                .TryAddTraceEnricher(new ThrowingOnEndTraceEnricher())
+                .TryAddTraceEnricher(trackingEnricher))
+            .Build();
+
+        await host.StartAsync();
+
+        using var source = new ActivitySource(SourceName);
+
+        var exception = Record.Exception(() =>
+        {
+            using var activity = source.StartActivity(SourceName);
+            Assert.NotNull(activity);
+            activity.Stop();
+        });
+
+        Assert.Null(exception);
+        Assert.Equal(1, trackingEnricher.StartCalls);
+        Assert.Equal(1, trackingEnricher.EndCalls);
+        Assert.Single(exportedItems);
+        Assert.Equal(TrackingTraceEnricher.EndValue, exportedItems[0].TagObjects.Single(tag => tag.Key == TrackingTraceEnricher.EndKey).Value);
+
+        var loggedEvent = Assert.Single(eventListener.Events);
+        var payload = loggedEvent.Payload!.Select(Assert.IsType<string>).ToArray();
+        Assert.Equal(1, loggedEvent.EventId);
+        Assert.Contains(payload, value => value.Contains(nameof(ThrowingOnEndTraceEnricher), StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        Assert.Contains("OnEnd", payload);
+        Assert.Contains(payload, value => value.Contains("boom", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+
+        await host.StopAsync();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task InstanceMethod_SwallowsExceptionsFromEnrichOnActivityStart()
+    {
+        var exportedItems = new List<Activity>();
+        using var eventListener = new InMemoryEventListener(GetEnrichmentEventSource(), EventLevel.Verbose);
+        var trackingEnricher = new TrackingTraceEnricher();
+
+        using var host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder()
+            .ConfigureServices(services => services
+                .AddOpenTelemetry()
+                .WithTracing(builder => builder
+                    .AddSource(SourceName)
+                    .AddInMemoryExporter(exportedItems))
+                .Services
+                .TryAddTraceEnricher(new ThrowingOnStartTraceEnricher())
+                .TryAddTraceEnricher(trackingEnricher))
+            .Build();
+
+        await host.StartAsync();
+
+        using var source = new ActivitySource(SourceName);
+
+        var exception = Record.Exception(() =>
+        {
+            using var activity = source.StartActivity(SourceName);
+            Assert.NotNull(activity);
+            activity.Stop();
+        });
+
+        Assert.Null(exception);
+        Assert.Equal(1, trackingEnricher.StartCalls);
+        Assert.Equal(1, trackingEnricher.EndCalls);
+        Assert.Single(exportedItems);
+        Assert.Equal(TrackingTraceEnricher.StartValue, exportedItems[0].TagObjects.Single(tag => tag.Key == TrackingTraceEnricher.StartKey).Value);
+
+        var loggedEvent = Assert.Single(eventListener.Events);
+        var payload = loggedEvent.Payload!.Select(Assert.IsType<string>).ToArray();
+        Assert.Equal(1, loggedEvent.EventId);
+        Assert.Contains(payload, value => value.Contains(nameof(ThrowingOnStartTraceEnricher), StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        Assert.Contains("OnStart", payload);
+        Assert.Contains(payload, value => value.Contains("boom", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+
+        await host.StopAsync();
+    }
+
+    private static void ThrowingEnrichmentAction(TraceEnrichmentBag bag)
+        => throw new InvalidOperationException("boom");
+
+    private static EventSource GetEnrichmentEventSource()
+    {
+        var eventSourceType = typeof(TraceEnricher).Assembly.GetType("OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Enrichment.EnrichmentEventSource", throwOnError: true)!;
+        return (EventSource)eventSourceType
+            .GetField("Log", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static)!
+            .GetValue(null)!;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ThrowingOnStartTraceEnricher : TraceEnricher
+    {
+        public override void Enrich(in TraceEnrichmentBag bag)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override void EnrichOnActivityStart(in TraceEnrichmentBag bag)
+            => throw new InvalidOperationException("boom");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ThrowingOnEndTraceEnricher : TraceEnricher
+    {
+        public override void Enrich(in TraceEnrichmentBag bag)
+            => throw new InvalidOperationException("boom");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class TrackingTraceEnricher : TraceEnricher
+    {
+        public const string StartKey = "tracking-start";
+        public const string StartValue = "start";
+        public const string EndKey = "tracking-end";
+        public const string EndValue = "end";
+
+        public int StartCalls { get; private set; }
+
+        public int EndCalls { get; private set; }
+
+        public override void Enrich(in TraceEnrichmentBag bag)
+        {
+            this.EndCalls++;
+            bag.Add(EndKey, EndValue);
+        }
+
+        public override void EnrichOnActivityStart(in TraceEnrichmentBag bag)
+        {
+            this.StartCalls++;
+            bag.Add(StartKey, StartValue);
+        }
+    }
 }