diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index eb407ac96a..faa1c5b36a 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ Increment the:
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+* [TEST] Add multi-threaded metrics benchmarks for shared vs per-thread counter
+  [#3865](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/pull/3865)
+
 * [BUILD] Avoid break caused by max() macro on windows
   [#3863](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/pull/3863)
 
diff --git a/sdk/test/metrics/measurements_benchmark.cc b/sdk/test/metrics/measurements_benchmark.cc
index 015f82937d..4b41d490f4 100644
--- a/sdk/test/metrics/measurements_benchmark.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/metrics/measurements_benchmark.cc
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <map>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "opentelemetry/metrics/meter.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/metrics/sync_instruments.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/function_ref.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/unique_ptr.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/attribute_utils.h"
@@ -52,6 +53,21 @@ class MockMetricExporter : public MetricReader
 
 namespace
 {
+
+size_t GetBenchmarkThreads()
+{
+  const char *env = std::getenv("BENCHMARK_THREADS");
+  if (env != nullptr && env[0] != '\0')
+  {
+    int val = std::atoi(env);
+    if (val > 0)
+    {
+      return static_cast<size_t>(val);
+    }
+  }
+  return 4;  // default
+}
+
 void BM_MeasurementsTest(benchmark::State &state)
 {
   MeterProvider mp;
@@ -97,5 +113,104 @@ void BM_MeasurementsTest(benchmark::State &state)
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_MeasurementsTest);
 
+void BM_MeasurementsThreadsShareCounterTest(benchmark::State &state)
+{
+  MeterProvider mp;
+  auto m = mp.GetMeter("meter1", "version1", "schema1");
+
+  std::shared_ptr<MetricReader> exporter(new MockMetricExporter());
+  mp.AddMetricReader(exporter);
+  auto h = m->CreateDoubleCounter("counter1", "counter1_description", "counter1_unit");
+  size_t MAX_MEASUREMENTS = 10000;  // keep low to prevent CI failure due to timeout
+  size_t NUM_CORES        = GetBenchmarkThreads();
+  std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+  std::map<std::string, uint32_t> attributes[1000];
+  size_t total_index = 0;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+  {
+    for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 10; j++)
+      for (uint32_t k = 0; k < 10; k++)
+        attributes[total_index++] = {{"dim1", i}, {"dim2", j}, {"dim3", k}};
+  }
+  while (state.KeepRunning())
+  {
+    threads.clear();
+    std::atomic<size_t> cur_processed{0};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_CORES; i++)
+    {
+      threads.push_back(std::thread(
+          [&h, &cur_processed, &MAX_MEASUREMENTS, &attributes](size_t /*thread_id*/) {
+            while (cur_processed++ <= MAX_MEASUREMENTS)
+            {
+              size_t index = rand() % 1000;
+              h->Add(1.0,
+                     opentelemetry::common::KeyValueIterableView<std::map<std::string, uint32_t>>(
+                         attributes[index]),
+                     opentelemetry::context::Context{});
+            }
+          },
+          i));
+    }
+    for (auto &thread : threads)
+    {
+      thread.join();
+    }
+  }
+  exporter->Collect([&](ResourceMetrics & /*rm*/) { return true; });
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_MeasurementsThreadsShareCounterTest);
+
+void BM_MeasurementsPerThreadCounterTest(benchmark::State &state)
+{
+  MeterProvider mp;
+  auto m = mp.GetMeter("meter1", "version1", "schema1");
+
+  std::shared_ptr<MetricReader> exporter(new MockMetricExporter());
+  mp.AddMetricReader(exporter);
+  size_t MAX_MEASUREMENTS = 10000;  // keep low to prevent CI failure due to timeout
+  size_t NUM_CORES        = GetBenchmarkThreads();
+  std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+  std::map<std::string, uint32_t> attributes[1000];
+  size_t total_index = 0;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+  {
+    for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 10; j++)
+      for (uint32_t k = 0; k < 10; k++)
+        attributes[total_index++] = {{"dim1", i}, {"dim2", j}, {"dim3", k}};
+  }
+  while (state.KeepRunning())
+  {
+    threads.clear();
+    std::atomic<size_t> cur_processed{0};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_CORES; i++)
+    {
+      threads.push_back(std::thread(
+          [&m, &cur_processed, &MAX_MEASUREMENTS, &attributes](size_t thread_id) {
+            // Each thread creates its own counter with the same name but a unique description
+            // encoding the thread id, ensuring no shared underlying storage.
+            std::string description = "counter1_description_thread_" + std::to_string(thread_id);
+            auto per_thread_counter =
+                m->CreateDoubleCounter("counter1", description, "counter1_unit");
+            while (cur_processed++ <= MAX_MEASUREMENTS)
+            {
+              size_t index = rand() % 1000;
+              per_thread_counter->Add(
+                  1.0,
+                  opentelemetry::common::KeyValueIterableView<std::map<std::string, uint32_t>>(
+                      attributes[index]),
+                  opentelemetry::context::Context{});
+            }
+          },
+          i));
+    }
+    for (auto &thread : threads)
+    {
+      thread.join();
+    }
+  }
+  exporter->Collect([&](ResourceMetrics & /*rm*/) { return true; });
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_MeasurementsPerThreadCounterTest);
+
 }  // namespace
 BENCHMARK_MAIN();