diff --git a/.github/workflows/rust_ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/rust_ci.yaml
index 8a23b5c777..0a18cd7fb7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/rust_ci.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust_ci.yaml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
           cache-on-failure: true
       - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
       - name: cargo test
-        run: cargo nextest run --release --workspace --all --all-features --locked
+        run: RUST_MIN_STACK=33554432 cargo nextest run --release --workspace --all --all-features --locked
   cargo-lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 20
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a0f8e4c648..4181c7a596 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e01ed3140b2f8d422c68afa1ed2e85d996ea619c988ac834d255db32138655cb"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "actix-router",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ checksum = "4d0f2d905ebd295e7effec65e5f6868d153936130ae718352771de3e7d03c75c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
  "syn-solidity",
  "tiny-keccak",
 ]
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
  "syn-solidity",
 ]
 
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ checksum = "16e62a023e7c117e27523144c5d2459f4397fcc3cab0085af8e2224f643a0193"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ checksum = "721cae7de5c34fbb2acd27e21e6d2cf7b886dce0c27388d46c4e6c47ea4318dd"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ checksum = "3c87f3f15e7794432337fc718554eaa4dc8f04c9677a950ffe366f20a162ae42"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
  "shlex",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ checksum = "523363cbe1df49b68215efdf500b103ac3b0fb4836aed6d15689a076eadb8fff"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustc_version 0.4.1",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ checksum = "cb7330aeadfbe296029522e6c40f315320aba36fc43a5b3632f3795348f3bd22"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
  "unicode-xid",
 ]
 
@@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@ checksum = "2f9ed6b3789237c8a0c1c505af1c7eb2c560df6186f01b098c3a1064ea532f38"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1791,7 +1791,7 @@ checksum = "87750cf4b7a4c0625b1529e4c543c2182106e4dedc60a2a6455e00d212c489ac"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2326,7 +2326,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "kona-common",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2687,7 +2687,7 @@ checksum = "1bb5c1d8184f13f7d0ccbeeca0def2f9a181bce2624302793005f5ca8aa62e5e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2866,7 +2866,7 @@ checksum = "af1844ef2428cc3e1cb900be36181049ef3d3193c63e43026cfe202983b27a56"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2987,7 +2987,7 @@ checksum = "a948666b637a0f465e8564c73e89d4dde00d72d4d473cc972f390fc3dcee7d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3125,7 +3125,7 @@ checksum = "2f38a4412a78282e09a2cf38d195ea5420d15ba0602cb375210efbc877243965"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3269,7 +3269,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error-attr2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3361,7 +3361,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.12.1",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3396,7 +3396,7 @@ checksum = "ca414edb151b4c8d125c12566ab0d74dc9cdba36fb80eb7b848c15f495fd32d1"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3729,7 +3729,7 @@ checksum = "09cb82b74b4810f07e460852c32f522e979787691b0b7b7439fe473e49d49b2f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3862,9 +3862,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-pki-types"
-version = "1.8.0"
+version = "1.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc0a2ce646f8655401bb81e7927b812614bd5d91dbc968696be50603510fcaf0"
+checksum = "0e696e35370c65c9c541198af4543ccd580cf17fc25d8e05c5a242b202488c55"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-webpki"
@@ -4022,7 +4022,7 @@ checksum = "243902eda00fad750862fc144cea25caca5e20d615af0a81bee94ca738f1df1f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4046,7 +4046,7 @@ checksum = "6c64451ba24fc7a6a2d60fc75dd9c83c90903b19028d4eff35e88fc1e86564e9"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4245,7 +4245,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4317,9 +4317,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.77"
+version = "2.0.79"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9f35bcdf61fd8e7be6caf75f429fdca8beb3ed76584befb503b1569faee373ed"
+checksum = "89132cd0bf050864e1d38dc3bbc07a0eb8e7530af26344d3d2bbbef83499f590"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -4335,7 +4335,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "paste",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4418,7 +4418,7 @@ checksum = "08904e7672f5eb876eaaf87e0ce17857500934f4981c4a0ab2b4aa98baac7fc3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4428,7 +4428,7 @@ source = "git+https://github.com/quartiq/thiserror?branch=no-std#e779e1b70023cee
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4541,7 +4541,7 @@ checksum = "693d596312e88961bc67d7f1f97af8a70227d9f90c31bba5806eec004978d752"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4653,7 +4653,7 @@ checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4932,7 +4932,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -4966,7 +4966,7 @@ checksum = "afc340c74d9005395cf9dd098506f7f44e38f2b4a21c6aaacf9a105ea5e1e836"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -5166,7 +5166,7 @@ checksum = "fa4f8080344d4671fb4e831a13ad1e68092748387dfc4f55e356242fae12ce3e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5186,7 +5186,7 @@ checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.79",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/crates/derive/src/metrics.rs b/crates/derive/src/metrics.rs
index 589642f198..3f9d4b9433 100644
--- a/crates/derive/src/metrics.rs
+++ b/crates/derive/src/metrics.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,14 @@ lazy_static! {
         &["error"]
     ).expect("Batch Reader Errors failed to register");
 
+    /// Tracks the number of times the channel queue was detected
+    /// non-empty during a frame ingestion, and new channel creation
+    /// was attempted post-holocene.
+    pub static ref CHANNEL_QUEUE_NON_EMPTY: IntGauge = register_int_gauge!(
+        "kona_derive_channel_queue_non_empty",
+        "Number of times a channel was attempted to be created in the channel bank, but the queue is non-empty post-holocene."
+    ).expect("Channel Queue Non Empty failed to register");
+
     /// Tracks the compression ratio of batches.
     pub static ref BATCH_COMPRESSION_RATIO: IntGauge = register_int_gauge!(
         "kona_derive_batch_compression_ratio",
diff --git a/crates/derive/src/stages/channel_bank.rs b/crates/derive/src/stages/channel_bank.rs
index a9a5d24bc8..50a2fdee9f 100644
--- a/crates/derive/src/stages/channel_bank.rs
+++ b/crates/derive/src/stages/channel_bank.rs
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ where
     P: ChannelBankProvider + OriginAdvancer + OriginProvider + ResettableStage + Debug,
 {
     /// The rollup configuration.
-    cfg: Arc<RollupConfig>,
+    pub cfg: Arc<RollupConfig>,
     /// Map of channels by ID.
-    channels: HashMap<ChannelId, Channel>,
+    pub channels: HashMap<ChannelId, Channel>,
     /// Channels in FIFO order.
-    channel_queue: VecDeque<ChannelId>,
+    pub channel_queue: VecDeque<ChannelId>,
     /// The previous stage of the derivation pipeline.
-    prev: P,
+    pub prev: P,
 }
 
 impl<P> ChannelBank<P>
@@ -83,11 +83,25 @@ where
         let origin = self.origin().ok_or(PipelineError::MissingOrigin.crit())?;
 
         // Get the channel for the frame, or create a new one if it doesn't exist.
-        let current_channel = self.channels.entry(frame.id).or_insert_with(|| {
-            let channel = Channel::new(frame.id, origin);
-            self.channel_queue.push_back(frame.id);
-            channel
-        });
+        let current_channel = match self.channels.get_mut(&frame.id) {
+            Some(c) => c,
+            None => {
+                if self.cfg.is_holocene_active(origin.timestamp) && !self.channel_queue.is_empty() {
+                    // In holocene, channels are strictly ordered.
+                    // If the previous frame is not the last in the channel
+                    // and a starting frame for the next channel arrives,
+                    // the previous channel/frames are removed and a new channel is created.
+                    self.channel_queue.clear();
+
+                    trace!(target: "channel-bank", "[holocene active] clearing non-empty channel queue");
+                    crate::inc!(CHANNEL_QUEUE_NON_EMPTY);
+                }
+                let channel = Channel::new(frame.id, origin);
+                self.channel_queue.push_back(frame.id);
+                self.channels.insert(frame.id, channel);
+                self.channels.get_mut(&frame.id).expect("Channel must be in queue")
+            }
+        };
 
         // Check if the channel is not timed out. If it has, ignore the frame.
         if current_channel.open_block_number() + self.cfg.channel_timeout(origin.timestamp) <
@@ -309,11 +323,35 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(trace_store.lock().iter().filter(|(l, _)| matches!(l, &Level::WARN)).count(), 1);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_holocene_ingest_new_channel_unclosed() {
+        let frames = [
+            // -- First Channel --
+            Frame { id: [0xEE; 16], number: 0, data: vec![0xDD; 50], is_last: false },
+            Frame { id: [0xEE; 16], number: 1, data: vec![0xDD; 50], is_last: false },
+            Frame { id: [0xEE; 16], number: 2, data: vec![0xDD; 50], is_last: false },
+            // -- Second Channel --
+            Frame { id: [0xFF; 16], number: 0, data: vec![0xDD; 50], is_last: false },
+        ];
+        let mock = MockChannelBankProvider::new(vec![]);
+        let rollup_config = RollupConfig { holocene_time: Some(0), ..Default::default() };
+        let mut channel_bank = ChannelBank::new(Arc::new(rollup_config), mock);
+        for frame in frames.iter().take(3) {
+            channel_bank.ingest_frame(frame.clone()).unwrap();
+        }
+        assert_eq!(channel_bank.channel_queue.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(channel_bank.channel_queue[0], [0xEE; 16]);
+        // When we ingest the next frame, channel queue will be cleared since the previous
+        // channel is not closed. This is invalid by Holocene rules.
+        channel_bank.ingest_frame(frames[3].clone()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(channel_bank.channel_queue.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(channel_bank.channel_queue[0], [0xFF; 16]);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_ingest_and_prune_channel_bank() {
         use alloc::vec::Vec;
         let mut frames: Vec<Frame> = new_test_frames(100000);
-        // let data = frames.iter().map(|f| Ok(f)).collect::<Vec<StageResult<Frame>>>();
         let mock = MockChannelBankProvider::new(vec![]);
         let cfg = Arc::new(RollupConfig::default());
         let mut channel_bank = ChannelBank::new(cfg, mock);