feat: add async api (googleapis#81)

* feat: add async api

* feat: session pool is non-blocking

* tests: fix integration tests that assumed tx was blocking

Some integration tests started transactions without executing a query,
and expected these transactions to fail. However, as the client is
now non-blocking up until the first call to ResultSet#next(), no
exception would occur.

* feat: add read methods support

* tests: test async runner

* feat: create async runner

* tests: centralize some commonly used test objects

* feat: keep session checked out until async finishes

* fix: fix span test cases after rebase

* fix: fix async runner tests

* fix: make async runner wait for async operations

* examples: add example integration test

* examples: add more examples

* tests: fix flaky tests

* rebase: rebase on current master

* fix: run code formatter

* feat: add support for poller

* tests: support more param types

* fix: fix race conditions

* feat: return ApiFuture to monitor end of AsyncResultSet

* feat: add helper method for create test result sets

* feat: add batchUpdateAsync

* fix: add ignored interface differences

* refactor: use future as waiter in SessionPool

* format: run code formatter

* tests: fix test case + remove commented code

* fix: AsyncResultSet should throw Cancelled

* feat: expose DatabaseId.of(String name)

* deps: set version to 1.53 to match bom

* feat: steps to add async support for tx manager

* review: process review comments

* chore: remove unused code

* clirr: add ignored differences to clirr

* fix: call listeners after all rows have been consumed

* feat: towards AsyncTransactionManager

* fix: session leaks + code format

* fix: more session leak fixes

* feat: further work on AsyncTransactionManager

* fix: fix test failures

* fix: fix several race conditions

* tests: increase test timeout

* feat: further towards AsyncTransactionManager

* feat: require executor for transaction functions

* revert: remove async connection api from branch

* chore: run code formatter

* chore: fix flaky test case

* tests: fix ITs for emulator

* fix: SpannerOptions.toBuilder().host should override emulatorHost

* tests: fix potentially hanging test

Author: olavloite

google-cloud-spanner/clirr-ignored-differences.xml

@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@
     <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/DatabaseAdminClient</className>
     <method>com.google.cloud.spanner.Backup updateBackup(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, com.google.cloud.Timestamp)</method>
   </difference>
-
   <difference>
     <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
     <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/spi/v1/SpannerRpc</className>
@@ -147,6 +146,88 @@
     <method>com.google.api.gax.paging.Page listDatabases()</method>
   </difference>
 
+  <!-- Add Async API -->
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/spi/v1/SpannerRpc</className>
+    <method>com.google.api.core.ApiFuture executeQueryAsync(com.google.spanner.v1.ExecuteSqlRequest, java.util.Map)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/DatabaseClient</className>
+    <method>* runAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/DatabaseClient</className>
+    <method>* transactionManagerAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/Spanner</className>
+    <method>* getAsyncExecutorProvider(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/ReadContext</className>
+    <method>* executeQueryAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/ReadContext</className>
+    <method>* readAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/ReadContext</className>
+    <method>* readRowAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/ReadContext</className>
+    <method>* readUsingIndexAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/ReadContext</className>
+    <method>* readRowUsingIndexAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/TransactionContext</className>
+    <method>* batchUpdateAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/TransactionContext</className>
+    <method>* executeUpdateAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/spi/v1/SpannerRpc</className>
+    <method>* beginTransactionAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/spi/v1/SpannerRpc</className>
+    <method>* commitAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/spi/v1/SpannerRpc</className>
+    <method>* rollbackAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/spi/v1/SpannerRpc</className>
+    <method>* executeBatchDmlAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  <difference>
+    <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+    <className>com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/Connection</className>
+    <method>* executeQueryAsync(*)</method>
+  </difference>
+  
   <!-- Adding operation RPCs to InstanceAdminClient. -->
   <difference>
     <differenceType>7012</differenceType>

google-cloud-spanner/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/AbstractReadContext.java

@@ -21,16 +21,24 @@
 import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
 import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;
 
+import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
+import com.google.api.core.ApiFutureCallback;
+import com.google.api.core.ApiFutures;
+import com.google.api.core.SettableApiFuture;
+import com.google.api.gax.core.ExecutorProvider;
 import com.google.cloud.Timestamp;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.AbstractResultSet.CloseableIterator;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.AbstractResultSet.GrpcResultSet;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.AbstractResultSet.GrpcStreamIterator;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.AbstractResultSet.ResumableStreamIterator;
+import com.google.cloud.spanner.AsyncResultSet.CallbackResponse;
+import com.google.cloud.spanner.AsyncResultSet.ReadyCallback;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.Options.QueryOption;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.Options.ReadOption;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.SessionImpl.SessionTransaction;
 import com.google.cloud.spanner.spi.v1.SpannerRpc;
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
 import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
 import com.google.spanner.v1.BeginTransactionRequest;
 import com.google.spanner.v1.ExecuteBatchDmlRequest;
@@ -62,6 +70,7 @@ abstract static class Builder<B extends Builder<?, T>, T extends AbstractReadCon
     private Span span = Tracing.getTracer().getCurrentSpan();
     private int defaultPrefetchChunks = SpannerOptions.Builder.DEFAULT_PREFETCH_CHUNKS;
     private QueryOptions defaultQueryOptions = SpannerOptions.Builder.DEFAULT_QUERY_OPTIONS;
+    private ExecutorProvider executorProvider;
 
     Builder() {}
 
@@ -95,9 +104,25 @@ B setDefaultQueryOptions(QueryOptions defaultQueryOptions) {
       return self();
     }
 
+    B setExecutorProvider(ExecutorProvider executorProvider) {
+      this.executorProvider = executorProvider;
+      return self();
+    }
+
     abstract T build();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * {@link AsyncResultSet} that supports adding listeners that are called when all rows from the
+   * underlying result stream have been fetched.
+   */
+  interface ListenableAsyncResultSet extends AsyncResultSet {
+    /** Adds a listener to this {@link AsyncResultSet}. */
+    void addListener(Runnable listener);
+
+    void removeListener(Runnable listener);
+  }
+
   /**
    * A {@code ReadContext} for standalone reads. This can only be used for a single operation, since
    * each standalone read may see a different timestamp of Cloud Spanner data.
@@ -350,7 +375,8 @@ void initTransaction() {
   final Object lock = new Object();
   final SessionImpl session;
   final SpannerRpc rpc;
-  final Span span;
+  final ExecutorProvider executorProvider;
+  Span span;
   private final int defaultPrefetchChunks;
   private final QueryOptions defaultQueryOptions;
 
@@ -374,6 +400,12 @@ void initTransaction() {
     this.defaultPrefetchChunks = builder.defaultPrefetchChunks;
     this.defaultQueryOptions = builder.defaultQueryOptions;
     this.span = builder.span;
+    this.executorProvider = builder.executorProvider;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setSpan(Span span) {
+    this.span = span;
   }
 
   long getSeqNo() {
@@ -386,12 +418,38 @@ public final ResultSet read(
     return readInternal(table, null, keys, columns, options);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ListenableAsyncResultSet readAsync(
+      String table, KeySet keys, Iterable<String> columns, ReadOption... options) {
+    Options readOptions = Options.fromReadOptions(options);
+    final int bufferRows =
+        readOptions.hasBufferRows()
+            ? readOptions.bufferRows()
+            : AsyncResultSetImpl.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
+    return new AsyncResultSetImpl(
+        executorProvider, readInternal(table, null, keys, columns, options), bufferRows);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public final ResultSet readUsingIndex(
       String table, String index, KeySet keys, Iterable<String> columns, ReadOption... options) {
     return readInternal(table, checkNotNull(index), keys, columns, options);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ListenableAsyncResultSet readUsingIndexAsync(
+      String table, String index, KeySet keys, Iterable<String> columns, ReadOption... options) {
+    Options readOptions = Options.fromReadOptions(options);
+    final int bufferRows =
+        readOptions.hasBufferRows()
+            ? readOptions.bufferRows()
+            : AsyncResultSetImpl.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
+    return new AsyncResultSetImpl(
+        executorProvider,
+        readInternal(table, checkNotNull(index), keys, columns, options),
+        bufferRows);
+  }
+
   @Nullable
   @Override
   public final Struct readRow(String table, Key key, Iterable<String> columns) {
@@ -400,6 +458,13 @@ public final Struct readRow(String table, Key key, Iterable<String> columns) {
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public final ApiFuture<Struct> readRowAsync(String table, Key key, Iterable<String> columns) {
+    try (AsyncResultSet resultSet = readAsync(table, KeySet.singleKey(key), columns)) {
+      return consumeSingleRowAsync(resultSet);
+    }
+  }
+
   @Nullable
   @Override
   public final Struct readRowUsingIndex(
@@ -409,12 +474,35 @@ public final Struct readRowUsingIndex(
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public final ApiFuture<Struct> readRowUsingIndexAsync(
+      String table, String index, Key key, Iterable<String> columns) {
+    try (AsyncResultSet resultSet =
+        readUsingIndexAsync(table, index, KeySet.singleKey(key), columns)) {
+      return consumeSingleRowAsync(resultSet);
+    }
+  }
+
   @Override
   public final ResultSet executeQuery(Statement statement, QueryOption... options) {
     return executeQueryInternal(
         statement, com.google.spanner.v1.ExecuteSqlRequest.QueryMode.NORMAL, options);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ListenableAsyncResultSet executeQueryAsync(Statement statement, QueryOption... options) {
+    Options readOptions = Options.fromQueryOptions(options);
+    final int bufferRows =
+        readOptions.hasBufferRows()
+            ? readOptions.bufferRows()
+            : AsyncResultSetImpl.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
+    return new AsyncResultSetImpl(
+        executorProvider,
+        executeQueryInternal(
+            statement, com.google.spanner.v1.ExecuteSqlRequest.QueryMode.NORMAL, options),
+        bufferRows);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public final ResultSet analyzeQuery(Statement statement, QueryAnalyzeMode readContextQueryMode) {
     switch (readContextQueryMode) {
@@ -666,4 +754,71 @@ private Struct consumeSingleRow(ResultSet resultSet) {
     }
     return row;
   }
+
+  static ApiFuture<Struct> consumeSingleRowAsync(AsyncResultSet resultSet) {
+    final SettableApiFuture<Struct> result = SettableApiFuture.create();
+    // We can safely use a directExecutor here, as we will only be consuming one row, and we will
+    // not be doing any blocking stuff in the handler.
+    final SettableApiFuture<Struct> row = SettableApiFuture.create();
+    ApiFutures.addCallback(
+        resultSet.setCallback(MoreExecutors.directExecutor(), ConsumeSingleRowCallback.create(row)),
+        new ApiFutureCallback<Void>() {
+          @Override
+          public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
+            result.setException(t);
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void onSuccess(Void input) {
+            try {
+              result.set(row.get());
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+              result.setException(t);
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        MoreExecutors.directExecutor());
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@link ReadyCallback} for returning the first row in a result set as a future {@link Struct}.
+   */
+  private static class ConsumeSingleRowCallback implements ReadyCallback {
+    private final SettableApiFuture<Struct> result;
+    private Struct row;
+
+    static ConsumeSingleRowCallback create(SettableApiFuture<Struct> result) {
+      return new ConsumeSingleRowCallback(result);
+    }
+
+    private ConsumeSingleRowCallback(SettableApiFuture<Struct> result) {
+      this.result = result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CallbackResponse cursorReady(AsyncResultSet resultSet) {
+      try {
+        switch (resultSet.tryNext()) {
+          case DONE:
+            result.set(row);
+            return CallbackResponse.DONE;
+          case NOT_READY:
+            return CallbackResponse.CONTINUE;
+          case OK:
+            if (row != null) {
+              throw newSpannerException(
+                  ErrorCode.INTERNAL, "Multiple rows returned for single key");
+            }
+            row = resultSet.getCurrentRowAsStruct();
+            return CallbackResponse.CONTINUE;
+          default:
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+      } catch (Throwable t) {
+        result.setException(t);
+        return CallbackResponse.DONE;
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }

google-cloud-spanner/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/AbstractResultSet.java

@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ private static Struct decodeStructValue(Type structType, ListValue structValue)
       return new GrpcStruct(structType, fields);
     }
 
-    private static Object decodeArrayValue(Type elementType, ListValue listValue) {
+    static Object decodeArrayValue(Type elementType, ListValue listValue) {
       switch (elementType.getCode()) {
         case BOOL:
           // Use a view: element conversion is virtually free.
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ protected PartialResultSet computeNext() {
     }
   }
 
-  private static double valueProtoToFloat64(com.google.protobuf.Value proto) {
+  static double valueProtoToFloat64(com.google.protobuf.Value proto) {
     if (proto.getKindCase() == KindCase.STRING_VALUE) {
       switch (proto.getStringValue()) {
         case "-Infinity":
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ private static double valueProtoToFloat64(com.google.protobuf.Value proto) {
     return proto.getNumberValue();
   }
 
-  private static NullPointerException throwNotNull(int columnIndex) {
+  static NullPointerException throwNotNull(int columnIndex) {
     throw new NullPointerException(
         "Cannot call array getter for column " + columnIndex + " with null elements");
   }
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ private static NullPointerException throwNotNull(int columnIndex) {
    * {@code BigDecimal} respectively. Rather than construct new wrapper objects for each array
    * element, we use primitive arrays and a {@code BitSet} to track nulls.
    */
-  private abstract static class PrimitiveArray<T, A> extends AbstractList<T> {
+  abstract static class PrimitiveArray<T, A> extends AbstractList<T> {
     private final A data;
     private final BitSet nulls;
     private final int size;
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ A toPrimitiveArray(int columnIndex) {
     }
   }
 
-  private static class Int64Array extends PrimitiveArray<Long, long[]> {
+  static class Int64Array extends PrimitiveArray<Long, long[]> {
     Int64Array(ListValue protoList) {
       super(protoList);
     }
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ Long get(long[] array, int i) {
     }
   }
 
-  private static class Float64Array extends PrimitiveArray<Double, double[]> {
+  static class Float64Array extends PrimitiveArray<Double, double[]> {
     Float64Array(ListValue protoList) {
       super(protoList);
     }