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docs: updated scripts docs in using-npm section
- A continuation of @seanhealy's work PR-URL: #729 Credit: @mikemimik Close: #729 Reviewed-by: @mikemimik
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Diff for: ‎docs/content/using-npm/scripts.md

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@@ -10,130 +10,64 @@ description: How npm handles the "scripts" field
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### Description
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The `"scripts"` property of of your `package.json` file supports a number of built-in scripts and their preset life cycle events as well as arbitrary scripts which can be executed by running `npm run <stage>`. *Pre* and *post* commands with matching names will be run for those as well (e.g. `premyscript`, `myscript`,
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`postmyscript`). Scripts from dependencies can be run with `npm explore
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<pkg> -- npm run <stage>`.
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* `prepublish` (_as of npm@5, `prepublish` is deprecated. Use `prepare` for
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build steps and `prepublishOnly` for upload-only._):
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* Runs BEFORE the package is packed and published, as well as on local `npm
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install` without any arguments. (See below)
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* `prepare`:
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* Runs both BEFORE the package is packed and published, and on local
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`npm install` without any arguments (See below). This is run AFTER
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`prepublish`, but BEFORE `prepublishOnly`.
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* If a package being installed through git contains a `prepare` script, its
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`dependencies` and `devDependencies` will be installed, and the prepare
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script will be run, before the package is packaged and installed.
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* `prepublishOnly`:
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* Runs BEFORE the package is prepared and packed, ONLY on `npm publish`.
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(See below.)
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* `prepack`:
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* Runs BEFORE a tarball is packed (on `npm pack`, `npm publish`, and when
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installing git dependencies)
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* `postpack`:
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* Runs AFTER the tarball has been generated and moved to its final destination.
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* `publish`, `postpublish`:
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* Runs AFTER the package is published.
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* `preinstall`:
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* Runs BEFORE the package is installed
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* `install`, `postinstall`:
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* Runs AFTER the package is installed.
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* `preuninstall`, `uninstall`:
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* Runs BEFORE the package is uninstalled.
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* `postuninstall`:
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* Runs AFTER the package is uninstalled.
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* `preversion`:
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* Runs BEFORE bumping the package version.
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* `version`:
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* Runs AFTER bumping the package version, but BEFORE commit.
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* `postversion`:
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* Runs AFTER bumping the package version, and AFTER commit.
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* `pretest`, `test`, `posttest`:
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* Run by the `npm test` command.
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* `prestop`, `stop`, `poststop`:
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* Run by the `npm stop` command.
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* `prestart`, `start`, `poststart`:
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* Run by the `npm start` command.
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* `prerestart`, `restart`, `postrestart`:
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* Run by the `npm restart` command. Note: `npm restart` will run the
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stop and start scripts if no `restart` script is provided.
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* `preshrinkwrap`, `shrinkwrap`, `postshrinkwrap`:
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* Run by the `npm shrinkwrap` command.
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Additionally, arbitrary scripts can be executed by running
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`npm run-script <stage>`. *Pre* and *post* commands with matching names will
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be run for those as well (e.g. `premyscript`, `myscript`, `postmyscript`).
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Scripts from dependencies can be run with
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`npm explore <pkg> -- npm run <stage>`.
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### Life Cycle
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npm commands such as `npm install` and `npm publish` will fire life cycle
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hooks as specified in your `package.json` file. These hooks are as follows
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for each command.
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The `"scripts"` property of of your `package.json` file supports a number of built-in scripts and their preset life cycle events as well as arbitrary scripts. These all can be executed by running `npm run-script <stage>` or `npm run <stage>` for short. *Pre* and *post* commands with matching names will be run for those as well (e.g. `premyscript`, `myscript`, `postmyscript`). Scripts from dependencies can be run with `npm explore <pkg> -- npm run <stage>`.
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#### [`npm publish`](/cli-commands/npm-publish)
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### Pre & Post Scripts
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* `prepublishOnly`
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* `prepare`
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To create "pre" or "post" scripts for any scripts defined in the `"scripts"` section of the `package.json`, simply create another script *with a matching name* and add "pre" or "post" to the beginning of them.
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#### [`npm pack`](/cli-commands/npm-pack)
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```json
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{
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"scripts": {
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"precompress": "{{ executes BEFORE the `compress` script }}",
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"compress": "{{ run command to compress files }}",
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"postcompress": "{{ executes AFTER `compress` script }}"
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}
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}
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```
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* `prepack`
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### Life Cycle Scripts
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#### [`npm install`](/cli-commands/npm-install)
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There are some special life cycle scripts that happen only in certain situations. These scripts happen in addtion to the "pre" and "post" script.
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* `prepare`, `prepublish`, `prepublishOnly`, `prepack`, `postpack`
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* `preinstall`
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* Run BEFORE the package is installed
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* `install`, `postinstall`
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* Run AFTER the package is installed.
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**prepare**
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* Runs BEFORE the package is packed
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* Runs BEFORE the package is published
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* Runs on local `npm install` without any arguments
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* Run AFTER `prepublish`, but BEFORE `prepublishOnly`
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* NOTE: If a package being installed through git contains a `prepare` script, its `dependencies` and `devDependencies` will be installed, and the prepare script will be run, before the package is packaged and installed.
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Also triggers
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**prepublish** (DEPRECATED)
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* Same as `prepare`
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* `prepublish` (when on local)
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* `prepare` (when on local)
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**prepublishOnly**
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* Runs BEFORE the package is prepared and packed, ONLY on `npm publish`.
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#### `start`
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**prepack**
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* Runs BEFORE a tarball is packed (on "`npm pack`", "`npm publish`", and when installing a git dependencies).
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* NOTE: "`npm run pack`" is NOT the same as "`npm pack`". "`npm run pack`" is an arbitrary user defined script name, where as, "`npm pack`" is a CLI defined command.
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`npm run start` has an `npm start` shorthand.
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**postpack**
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* Runs AFTER the tarball has been generated and moved to its final destination.
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* `prestart`
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* `start`
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* `poststart`
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#### Prepare and Prepublish
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#### Prepublish and Prepare
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**Deprecation Note: prepublish**
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#### Deprecation Note
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Since `[email protected]`, the npm CLI has run the `prepublish` script for both `npm publish` and `npm install`, because it's a convenient way to prepare a package for use (some common use cases are described in the section below). It has also turned out to be, in practice, [very confusing](https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074). As of `[email protected]`, a new event has been introduced, `prepare`, that preserves this existing behavior. A _new_ event, `prepublishOnly` has been added as a transitional strategy to allow users to avoid the confusing behavior of existing npm versions and only run on `npm publish` (for instance, running the tests one last time to ensure they're in good shape).
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Since `[email protected]`, the npm CLI has run the `prepublish` script for both `npm
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publish` and `npm install`, because it's a convenient way to prepare a package
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for use (some common use cases are described in the section below). It has
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also turned out to be, in practice, [very
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confusing](https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074). As of `[email protected]`, a new
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event has been introduced, `prepare`, that preserves this existing behavior. A
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_new_ event, `prepublishOnly` has been added as a transitional strategy to
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allow users to avoid the confusing behavior of existing npm versions and only
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run on `npm publish` (for instance, running the tests one last time to ensure
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they're in good shape).
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See <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074> for a much lengthier justification, with further reading, for this change.
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See <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074> for a much lengthier
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justification, with further reading, for this change.
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**Use Cases**
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#### Use Cases
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If you need to perform operations on your package before it is used, in a way
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that is not dependent on the operating system or architecture of the
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target system, use a `prepublish` script. This includes
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tasks such as:
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If you need to perform operations on your package before it is used, in a way that is not dependent on the operating system or architecture of the target system, use a `prepublish` script. This includes tasks such as:
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* Compiling CoffeeScript source code into JavaScript.
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* Creating minified versions of JavaScript source code.
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* Fetching remote resources that your package will use.
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The advantage of doing these things at `prepublish` time is that they can be done once, in a
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single place, thus reducing complexity and variability.
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Additionally, this means that:
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The advantage of doing these things at `prepublish` time is that they can be done once, in a single place, thus reducing complexity and variability. Additionally, this means that:
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* You can depend on `coffee-script` as a `devDependency`, and thus
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your users don't need to have it installed.
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* You don't need to rely on your users having `curl` or `wget` or
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other system tools on the target machines.
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### Default Values
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### Life Cycle Operation Order
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#### [`npm publish`](/cli-commands/npm-publish)
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* `prepublishOnly`
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* `prepare`
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* `prepublish`
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* `publish`
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* `postpublish`
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#### [`npm pack`](/cli-commands/npm-pack)
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* `prepack`
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* `postpack`
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#### [`npm install`](/cli-commands/npm-install)
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* `preinstall`
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* `install`
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* `postinstall`
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Also triggers
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* `prepublish` (when on local)
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* `prepare` (when on local)
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#### [`npm start`](/cli-commands/npm-start)
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`npm run start` has an `npm start` shorthand.
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* `prestart`
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* `start`
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* `poststart`
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### Default Values
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npm will default some script values based on package contents.
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* `"start": "node server.js"`:

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