diff --git a/acvm-repo/acvm/src/compiler/simulator.rs b/acvm-repo/acvm/src/compiler/simulator.rs
index 96134926f5e..b21b8374624 100644
--- a/acvm-repo/acvm/src/compiler/simulator.rs
+++ b/acvm-repo/acvm/src/compiler/simulator.rs
@@ -7,13 +7,7 @@ use acir::{
     },
     native_types::{Expression, Witness},
 };
-use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
-
-#[derive(PartialEq)]
-enum BlockStatus {
-    Initialized,
-    Used,
-}
+use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashSet};
 
 /// Simulate a symbolic solve for a circuit
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -21,11 +15,8 @@ pub struct CircuitSimulator {
     /// Track the witnesses that can be solved
     solvable_witness: HashSet<Witness>,
 
-    /// Tells whether a Memory Block is:
-    /// - Not initialized if not in the map
-    /// - Initialized if its status is Initialized in the Map
-    /// - Used, indicating that the block cannot be written anymore.
-    resolved_blocks: HashMap<BlockId, BlockStatus>,
+    /// Track whether a [`BlockId`] has been initialized
+    initialized_blocks: HashSet<BlockId>,
 }
 
 impl CircuitSimulator {
@@ -84,6 +75,11 @@ impl CircuitSimulator {
                 true
             }
             Opcode::MemoryOp { block_id, op, predicate } => {
+                if !self.initialized_blocks.contains(block_id) {
+                    // Memory must be initialized before it can be used.
+                    return false;
+                }
+
                 if !self.can_solve_expression(&op.index) {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -93,14 +89,12 @@ impl CircuitSimulator {
                     }
                 }
                 if op.operation.is_zero() {
-                    let w = op.value.to_witness().unwrap();
+                    let Some(w) = op.value.to_witness() else {
+                        return false;
+                    };
                     self.mark_solvable(w);
                     true
                 } else {
-                    if let Some(BlockStatus::Used) = self.resolved_blocks.get(block_id) {
-                        // Writing after having used the block should not be allowed
-                        return false;
-                    }
                     self.try_solve(&Opcode::AssertZero(op.value.clone()))
                 }
             }
@@ -110,7 +104,7 @@ impl CircuitSimulator {
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
-                self.resolved_blocks.insert(*block_id, BlockStatus::Initialized);
+                self.initialized_blocks.insert(*block_id);
                 true
             }
             Opcode::BrilligCall { id: _, inputs, outputs, predicate } => {
@@ -186,18 +180,7 @@ impl CircuitSimulator {
                 true
             }
 
-            BrilligInputs::MemoryArray(block_id) => match self.resolved_blocks.entry(*block_id) {
-                std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Vacant(_) => false,
-                std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry)
-                    if *entry.get() == BlockStatus::Used =>
-                {
-                    true
-                }
-                std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
-                    entry.insert(BlockStatus::Used);
-                    true
-                }
-            },
+            BrilligInputs::MemoryArray(block_id) => self.initialized_blocks.contains(block_id),
         }
     }
 
@@ -217,7 +200,11 @@ mod tests {
     use acir::{
         FieldElement,
         acir_field::AcirField,
-        circuit::{Circuit, ExpressionWidth, Opcode, PublicInputs},
+        circuit::{
+            Circuit, ExpressionWidth, Opcode, PublicInputs,
+            brillig::{BrilligFunctionId, BrilligInputs},
+            opcodes::{BlockId, BlockType, MemOp},
+        },
         native_types::{Expression, Witness},
     };
 
@@ -289,4 +276,44 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert!(!CircuitSimulator::default().check_circuit(&disconnected_circuit));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reports_true_when_memory_block_passed_to_brillig_and_then_written_to() {
+        let circuit = test_circuit(
+            vec![
+                Opcode::AssertZero(Expression {
+                    mul_terms: Vec::new(),
+                    linear_combinations: vec![(FieldElement::one(), Witness(1))],
+                    q_c: FieldElement::zero(),
+                }),
+                Opcode::MemoryInit {
+                    block_id: BlockId(0),
+                    init: vec![Witness(0)],
+                    block_type: BlockType::Memory,
+                },
+                Opcode::BrilligCall {
+                    id: BrilligFunctionId(0),
+                    inputs: vec![BrilligInputs::MemoryArray(BlockId(0))],
+                    outputs: Vec::new(),
+                    predicate: None,
+                },
+                Opcode::MemoryOp {
+                    block_id: BlockId(0),
+                    op: MemOp::read_at_mem_index(
+                        Expression {
+                            mul_terms: Vec::new(),
+                            linear_combinations: Vec::new(),
+                            q_c: FieldElement::one(),
+                        },
+                        Witness(2),
+                    ),
+                    predicate: None,
+                },
+            ],
+            BTreeSet::from([Witness(1)]),
+            PublicInputs::default(),
+        );
+
+        assert!(!CircuitSimulator::default().check_circuit(&circuit));
+    }
 }