Switch the CLI debugger to V8 inspector

[jkrems]

This is a tracking issue for the work required to migrate the CLI debugger from the old V8 debugger protocol to the new V8 inspector protocol. Previous discussions and some background can be found in #7266 and nodejs/diagnostics#67.

• Ensure that the node inspect coverage matches (or exceeds) the suite for node debug
• TSC approval for project acceptance in Foundation
• Initial PR to node - PR: deps: Add node-inspect #10187
• Switch debug signal handler to new protocol - PR: debug: activate inspector with _debugProcess #11431
• Support debugging a pid in node-inspect (node inspect -p <pid>, to be tested against debug: activate inspector with _debugProcess #11431) - PR: Support for debugging a pid node-inspect#37
• Make node debug an alias for node inspect - PR: inspector: make debug an alias for inspect #11441
• Copy process.debugPort change to node-inspect - PR: Take --debug-port into account node-inspect#26
• Add deprecation notice to current debugger docs - PR: doc: Deprecate old debug protocol #10320
• Add node inspect and more details about --inspect to docs - PR: guides: debugging getting started guide nodejs.org#1131
• Remove experimental warnings for node --inspect from documentation - PR: src: Remove support for --debug #12197
• Remove experimental warnings for node --inspect from runtime - PR: src: remove experimental warning for inspect #12352
• Add runtime deprecation to node --debug- PR: lib: deprecate node --debug at runtime #10970
• Remove --debug/--debug-brk for node 8 - PR: src: Remove support for --debug #12197
  • CTC discussion issue: Remove Legacy Debugger for 8.0.0 CTC#94
• Pull latest node-inspect (^v1.11.1) into node - PR: deps: update node-inspect to v1.11.2 #12363

Context & History

• V8 5.7 removes support for the old protocol
• Issue: Port debugger to new protocol
• node-inspect repository
• Meeting notes of initial diagnostics discussion
• Diagnostics WG discussion at node interactive
• nodejs/CTC issue
• Discussion in CTC meeting
• Old tracking issue

[jkrems]

From what I can tell, this wraps up all the work for the initial switch.