Update golang Docker tag to v1.24 (#3128)

| datasource | package | from | to   |
| ---------- | ------- | ---- | ---- |
| docker     | golang  | 1.23 | 1.24 |

Signed-off-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: renovate[bot]

Diff for: build/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.14
-FROM golang:1.23 AS builder
+FROM golang:1.24 AS builder
 
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/nginx/nginx-gateway-fabric
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ RUN go mod download
 COPY . /go/src/github.com/nginx/nginx-gateway-fabric
 RUN make build
 
-FROM golang:1.23 AS ca-certs-provider
+FROM golang:1.24 AS ca-certs-provider
 
 FROM alpine:3.21 AS capabilizer
 RUN apk add --no-cache libcap

Diff for: debug/Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.14
 # This Dockerfile builds an image with the dlv debugger. See the debugging guide in the developer docs for details
 # on how to use it.
-FROM golang:1.23-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.24-alpine AS builder
 
 RUN go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest
 

Diff for: tests/conformance/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.14
-FROM golang:1.23
+FROM golang:1.24
 
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/nginx/nginx-gateway-fabric/tests/conformance
 

Diff for: tests/framework/crossplane/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.14
-FROM golang:1.23-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.24-alpine AS builder
 
 WORKDIR /
 ARG DIR=tests/framework/crossplane