Auto merge of rust-lang#127722 - BoxyUwU:new_adt_const_params_limitat…

…ions, r=compiler-errors

Forbid borrows and unsized types from being used as the type of a const generic under `adt_const_params`

Fixes rust-lang#112219
Fixes rust-lang#112124
Fixes rust-lang#112125

### Motivation

Currently the `adt_const_params` feature allows writing `Foo<const N: [u8]>` this is entirely useless as it is not possible to write an expression which evaluates to a type that is not `Sized`. In order to actually use unsized types in const generics they are typically written as `const N: &[u8]` which *is* possible to provide a value of.

Unfortunately allowing the types of const parameters to contain references is non trivial (rust-lang#120961) as it introduces a number of difficult questions about how equality of references in the type system should behave. References in the types of const generics is largely only useful for using unsized types in const generics.

This PR introduces a new feature gate `unsized_const_parameters` and moves support for `const N: [u8]` and `const N: &...` from `adt_const_params` into it. The goal here hopefully is to experiment with allowing `const N: [u8]` to work without references and then eventually completely forbid references in const generics.

Splitting this out into a new feature gate means that stabilization of `adt_const_params` does not have to resolve rust-lang#120961 which is the only remaining "big" blocker for the feature. Remaining issues after this are a few ICEs and naming bikeshed for `ConstParamTy`.

### Implementation

The implementation is slightly subtle here as we would like to ensure that a stabilization of `adt_const_params` is forwards compatible with any outcome of `unsized_const_parameters`. This is inherently tricky as we do not support unstable trait implementations and we determine whether a type is valid as the type of a const parameter via a trait bound.

There are a few constraints here:
- We would like to *allow for the possibility* of adding a `Sized` supertrait to `ConstParamTy` in the event that we wind up opting to not support unsized types and instead requiring people to write the 'sized version', e.g. `const N: [u8; M]` instead of `const N: [u8]`.
- Crates should be able to enable `unsized_const_parameters` and write trait implementations of `ConstParamTy` for `!Sized` types without downstream crates that only enable `adt_const_params` being able to observe this (required for std to be able to `impl<T> ConstParamTy for [T]`

Ultimately the way this is accomplished is via having two traits (sad), `ConstParamTy` and `UnsizedConstParamTy`. Depending on whether `unsized_const_parameters` is enabled or not we change which trait is used to check whether a type is allowed to be a const parameter.

Long term (when stabilizing `UnsizedConstParamTy`) it should be possible to completely merge these traits (and derive macros), only having a single `trait ConstParamTy` and `macro ConstParamTy`.

Under `adt_const_params` it is now illegal to directly refer to `ConstParamTy` it is only used as an internal impl detail by `derive(ConstParamTy)` and checking const parameters are well formed. This is necessary in order to ensure forwards compatibility with all possible future directions for `feature(unsized_const_parameters)`.

Generally the intuition here should be that `ConstParamTy` is the stable trait that everything uses, and `UnsizedConstParamTy` is that plus unstable implementations (well, I suppose `ConstParamTy` isn't stable yet :P).

core/src/lib.rs

@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@
 #![feature(transparent_unions)]
 #![feature(try_blocks)]
 #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
+#![feature(unsized_const_params)]
 #![feature(unsized_fn_params)]
 #![feature(with_negative_coherence)]
 // tidy-alphabetical-end

core/src/marker.rs

@@ -975,31 +975,73 @@ pub trait PointerLike {}
 /// that all fields are also `ConstParamTy`, which implies that recursively, all fields
 /// are `StructuralPartialEq`.
 #[lang = "const_param_ty"]
-#[unstable(feature = "adt_const_params", issue = "95174")]
+#[unstable(feature = "unsized_const_params", issue = "95174")]
 #[diagnostic::on_unimplemented(message = "`{Self}` can't be used as a const parameter type")]
 #[allow(multiple_supertrait_upcastable)]
-pub trait ConstParamTy: StructuralPartialEq + Eq {}
+// We name this differently than the derive macro so that the `adt_const_params` can
+// be used independently of `unsized_const_params` without requiring a full path
+// to the derive macro every time it is used. This should be renamed on stabilization.
+pub trait ConstParamTy_: UnsizedConstParamTy + StructuralPartialEq + Eq {}
 
 /// Derive macro generating an impl of the trait `ConstParamTy`.
 #[rustc_builtin_macro]
+#[allow_internal_unstable(unsized_const_params)]
 #[unstable(feature = "adt_const_params", issue = "95174")]
 pub macro ConstParamTy($item:item) {
     /* compiler built-in */
 }
 
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), lang = "unsized_const_param_ty")]
+#[unstable(feature = "unsized_const_params", issue = "95174")]
+#[diagnostic::on_unimplemented(message = "`{Self}` can't be used as a const parameter type")]
+/// A marker for types which can be used as types of `const` generic parameters.
+///
+/// Equivalent to [`ConstParamTy_`] except that this is used by
+/// the `unsized_const_params` to allow for fake unstable impls.
+pub trait UnsizedConstParamTy: StructuralPartialEq + Eq {}
+
+/// Derive macro generating an impl of the trait `ConstParamTy`.
+#[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), rustc_builtin_macro)]
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow_internal_unstable(unsized_const_params))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), unstable(feature = "unsized_const_params", issue = "95174"))]
+pub macro UnsizedConstParamTy($item:item) {
+    /* compiler built-in */
+}
+
 // FIXME(adt_const_params): handle `ty::FnDef`/`ty::Closure`
 marker_impls! {
     #[unstable(feature = "adt_const_params", issue = "95174")]
-    ConstParamTy for
+    ConstParamTy_ for
+        usize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128,
+        isize, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128,
+        bool,
+        char,
+        (),
+        {T: ConstParamTy_, const N: usize} [T; N],
+}
+#[cfg(bootstrap)]
+marker_impls! {
+    #[unstable(feature = "adt_const_params", issue = "95174")]
+    ConstParamTy_ for
+        str,
+        {T: ConstParamTy_} [T],
+        {T: ConstParamTy_ + ?Sized} &T,
+}
+
+marker_impls! {
+    #[unstable(feature = "unsized_const_params", issue = "95174")]
+    UnsizedConstParamTy for
         usize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128,
         isize, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128,
         bool,
         char,
-        str /* Technically requires `[u8]: ConstParamTy` */,
         (),
-        {T: ConstParamTy, const N: usize} [T; N],
-        {T: ConstParamTy} [T],
-        {T: ?Sized + ConstParamTy} &T,
+        {T: UnsizedConstParamTy, const N: usize} [T; N],
+
+        str,
+        {T: UnsizedConstParamTy} [T],
+        {T: UnsizedConstParamTy + ?Sized} &T,
 }
 
 /// A common trait implemented by all function pointers.

core/src/mem/transmutability.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::marker::ConstParamTy;
+use crate::marker::{ConstParamTy_, UnsizedConstParamTy};
 
 /// Are values of a type transmutable into values of another type?
 ///
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ pub struct Assume {
 }
 
 #[unstable(feature = "transmutability", issue = "99571")]
-impl ConstParamTy for Assume {}
+impl ConstParamTy_ for Assume {}
+#[unstable(feature = "transmutability", issue = "99571")]
+impl UnsizedConstParamTy for Assume {}
 
 impl Assume {
     /// Do not assume that *you* have ensured any safety properties are met.

core/src/tuple.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // See core/src/primitive_docs.rs for documentation.
 
 use crate::cmp::Ordering::{self, *};
-use crate::marker::ConstParamTy;
+use crate::marker::ConstParamTy_;
 use crate::marker::StructuralPartialEq;
+use crate::marker::UnsizedConstParamTy;
 
 // Recursive macro for implementing n-ary tuple functions and operations
 //
@@ -49,8 +50,15 @@ macro_rules! tuple_impls {
 
         maybe_tuple_doc! {
             $($T)+ @
-            #[unstable(feature = "structural_match", issue = "31434")]
-            impl<$($T: ConstParamTy),+> ConstParamTy for ($($T,)+)
+            #[unstable(feature = "adt_const_params", issue = "95174")]
+            impl<$($T: ConstParamTy_),+> ConstParamTy_ for ($($T,)+)
+            {}
+        }
+
+        maybe_tuple_doc! {
+            $($T)+ @
+            #[unstable(feature = "unsized_const_params", issue = "95174")]
+            impl<$($T: UnsizedConstParamTy),+> UnsizedConstParamTy for ($($T,)+)
             {}
         }