A Dashboard is a component for displaying elements on the right-hand side of the backoffice UI area.
The Umbraco back office consists of sections (sometimes referred to as applications) which contain trees. For example, when you load the back office you'll see that the 'Content' section contains one tree: the content tree whereas the 'Settings' section contains a number of trees: Stylesheets, Content Types, Media Types, etc...
Both sections and trees can be created to extend Umbraco.
A property editor is the editor used to insert content into Umbraco. See here for definition.
This section will describe how to work with and create Property Editors.
Information on extending Umbraco, details such as dealing with server variables, service URLs, JavaScript and CSS assets, etc....
A Parameter Editor is the editor used to insert values into a Macro.
This section will describe how to work with and create Parameter Editors.
The Umbraco back office can be configured so that the user interface runs in the user's native language. This is made possible with community generated language files, if your language is not currently supported, why not help to add support?
Developers can create their own Umbraco Health Checks and Health Check notification methods.
Information on the packaging manifest format and how assets should be packaged as a zip file for easy distribution (coming soon)
Details on implementing virtual file systems for things like media which will allow you to store your files outside of the physical file system (i.e. Cloud based for example)