Reintroduce a color compatibility hack, but only for PowerShells (#6810)

There is going to be a very long tail of applications that will
explicitly request VT SGR 40/37 when what they really want is to
SetConsoleTextAttribute() with a black background/white foreground.
Instead of making those applications look bad (and therefore making us
look bad, because we're releasing this as an update to something that
"looks good" already), we're introducing this compatibility quirk.
Before the color reckoning in #6698 + #6506, *every* color was subject
to being spontaneously and erroneously turned into the default color.
Now, only the 16-color palette value that matches the active console
background/foreground color will be destroyed, and only when received
from specific applications.

Removal will be tracked by #6807.

Michael and I discussed what layer this quirk really belonged in. I
originally believed it would be sufficient to detect a background color
that matched the legacy default background, but @j4james provided an
example of where that wouldn't work out (powershell setting the
foreground color to white/gray). In addition, it was too heavyhanded: it
re-broke black backgrounds for every application.

Michael thought that it should live in the server, as a small VT parser
that righted the wrongs coming directly out of the application. On
further investigation, however, I realized that we'd need to push more
information up into the server (so that it could make the decision about
which VT was wrong and which was right) than should be strictly
necessary.

The host knows which colors are right and wrong, and it gets final say
in what ends up in the buffer.

Because of that, I chose to push the quirk state down through
WriteConsole to DoWriteConsole and toggle state on the
SCREEN_INFORMATION that indicates whether the colors coming out of the
application are to be distrusted. This quirk _only applies to pwsh.exe
and powershell.exe._

NOTE: This doesn't work for PowerShell the .NET Global tool, because it
is run as an assembly through dotnet.exe. I have no opinion on how to
fix this, or whether it is worth fixing.

VALIDATION
----------
I configured my terminals to have an incredibly garish color scheme to
show exactly what's going to happen as a result of this. The _default
terminal background_ is purple or red, and the foreground green. I've
printed out a heap of test colors to see how black interacts with them.

Pull request #6810 contains the images generated from this test.

The only color lines that change are the ones where black as a
background or white as a foreground is selected out of the 16-color
palette explicitly. Reverse video still works fine (because black is in
the foreground!), and it's even possible to represent "black on default"
and reverse it into "default on black", despite the black in question
having been `40`.

Fixes #6767.

src/buffer/out/TextAttribute.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,47 @@ void TextAttribute::SetLegacyDefaultAttributes(const WORD defaultAttributes) noe
     s_legacyDefaultBackground = (defaultAttributes & BG_ATTRS) >> 4;
 }
 
+// Routine Description:
+// Pursuant to GH#6807
+// This routine replaces VT colors from the 16-color set with the "default"
+// flag. It is intended to be used as part of the "VT Quirk" in
+// WriteConsole[AW].
+//
+// There is going to be a very long tail of applications that will
+// explicitly request VT SGR 40/37 when what they really want is to
+// SetConsoleTextAttribute() with a black background/white foreground.
+// Instead of making those applications look bad (and therefore making us
+// look bad, because we're releasing this as an update to something that
+// "looks good" already), we're introducing this compatibility hack. Before
+// the color reckoning in GH#6698 + GH#6506, *every* color was subject to
+// being spontaneously and erroneously turned into the default color. Now,
+// only the 16-color palette value that matches the active console
+// background color will be destroyed when the quirk is enabled.
+//
+// This is not intended to be a long-term solution. This comment will be
+// discovered in forty years(*) time and people will laugh at our hubris.
+//
+// *it doesn't matter when you're reading this, it will always be 40 years
+// from now.
+TextAttribute TextAttribute::StripErroneousVT16VersionsOfLegacyDefaults(const TextAttribute& attribute) noexcept
+{
+    const auto fg{ attribute.GetForeground() };
+    const auto bg{ attribute.GetBackground() };
+    auto copy{ attribute };
+    if (fg.IsIndex16() &&
+        attribute.IsBold() == WI_IsFlagSet(s_legacyDefaultForeground, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY) &&
+        fg.GetIndex() == (s_legacyDefaultForeground & ~FOREGROUND_INTENSITY))
+    {
+        // We don't want to turn 1;37m into 39m (or even 1;39m), as this was meant to mimic a legacy color.
+        copy.SetDefaultForeground();
+    }
+    if (bg.IsIndex16() && bg.GetIndex() == s_legacyDefaultBackground)
+    {
+        copy.SetDefaultBackground();
+    }
+    return copy;
+}
+
 // Routine Description:
 // - Returns a WORD with legacy-style attributes for this textattribute.
 // Parameters:

src/buffer/out/TextAttribute.hpp

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ class TextAttribute final
     }
 
     static void SetLegacyDefaultAttributes(const WORD defaultAttributes) noexcept;
+    static TextAttribute StripErroneousVT16VersionsOfLegacyDefaults(const TextAttribute& attribute) noexcept;
     WORD GetLegacyAttributes() const noexcept;
 
     COLORREF CalculateRgbForeground(std::basic_string_view<COLORREF> colorTable,

src/host/ApiRoutines.h

@@ -98,11 +98,13 @@ class ApiRoutines : public IApiRoutines
     [[nodiscard]] HRESULT WriteConsoleAImpl(IConsoleOutputObject& context,
                                             const std::string_view buffer,
                                             size_t& read,
+                                            bool requiresVtQuirk,
                                             std::unique_ptr<IWaitRoutine>& waiter) noexcept override;
 
     [[nodiscard]] HRESULT WriteConsoleWImpl(IConsoleOutputObject& context,
                                             const std::wstring_view buffer,
                                             size_t& read,
+                                            bool requiresVtQuirk,
                                             std::unique_ptr<IWaitRoutine>& waiter) noexcept override;
 
 #pragma region ThreadCreationInfo

src/host/_stream.cpp

@@ -971,6 +971,7 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
 [[nodiscard]] NTSTATUS DoWriteConsole(_In_reads_bytes_(*pcbBuffer) PWCHAR pwchBuffer,
                                       _Inout_ size_t* const pcbBuffer,
                                       SCREEN_INFORMATION& screenInfo,
+                                      bool requiresVtQuirk,
                                       std::unique_ptr<WriteData>& waiter)
 {
     const CONSOLE_INFORMATION& gci = ServiceLocator::LocateGlobals().getConsoleInformation();
@@ -981,7 +982,8 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
             waiter = std::make_unique<WriteData>(screenInfo,
                                                  pwchBuffer,
                                                  *pcbBuffer,
-                                                 gci.OutputCP);
+                                                 gci.OutputCP,
+                                                 requiresVtQuirk);
         }
         catch (...)
         {
@@ -991,6 +993,19 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
         return CONSOLE_STATUS_WAIT;
     }
 
+    auto restoreVtQuirk{
+        wil::scope_exit([&]() { screenInfo.ResetIgnoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes(); })
+    };
+
+    if (requiresVtQuirk)
+    {
+        screenInfo.SetIgnoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        restoreVtQuirk.release();
+    }
+
     const auto& textBuffer = screenInfo.GetTextBuffer();
     return WriteChars(screenInfo,
                       pwchBuffer,
@@ -1020,6 +1035,7 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
 [[nodiscard]] HRESULT WriteConsoleWImplHelper(IConsoleOutputObject& context,
                                               const std::wstring_view buffer,
                                               size_t& read,
+                                              bool requiresVtQuirk,
                                               std::unique_ptr<WriteData>& waiter) noexcept
 {
     try
@@ -1032,7 +1048,7 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
         size_t cbTextBufferLength;
         RETURN_IF_FAILED(SizeTMult(buffer.size(), sizeof(wchar_t), &cbTextBufferLength));
 
-        NTSTATUS Status = DoWriteConsole(const_cast<wchar_t*>(buffer.data()), &cbTextBufferLength, context, waiter);
+        NTSTATUS Status = DoWriteConsole(const_cast<wchar_t*>(buffer.data()), &cbTextBufferLength, context, requiresVtQuirk, waiter);
 
         // Convert back from bytes to characters for the resulting string length written.
         read = cbTextBufferLength / sizeof(wchar_t);
@@ -1065,6 +1081,7 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
 [[nodiscard]] HRESULT ApiRoutines::WriteConsoleAImpl(IConsoleOutputObject& context,
                                                      const std::string_view buffer,
                                                      size_t& read,
+                                                     bool requiresVtQuirk,
                                                      std::unique_ptr<IWaitRoutine>& waiter) noexcept
 {
     try
@@ -1176,7 +1193,7 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
 
         // Make the W version of the call
         size_t wcBufferWritten{};
-        const auto hr{ WriteConsoleWImplHelper(screenInfo, wstr, wcBufferWritten, writeDataWaiter) };
+        const auto hr{ WriteConsoleWImplHelper(screenInfo, wstr, wcBufferWritten, requiresVtQuirk, writeDataWaiter) };
 
         // If there is no waiter, process the byte count now.
         if (nullptr == writeDataWaiter.get())
@@ -1254,6 +1271,7 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
 [[nodiscard]] HRESULT ApiRoutines::WriteConsoleWImpl(IConsoleOutputObject& context,
                                                      const std::wstring_view buffer,
                                                      size_t& read,
+                                                     bool requiresVtQuirk,
                                                      std::unique_ptr<IWaitRoutine>& waiter) noexcept
 {
     try
@@ -1262,7 +1280,7 @@ constexpr unsigned int LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
         auto unlock = wil::scope_exit([&] { UnlockConsole(); });
 
         std::unique_ptr<WriteData> writeDataWaiter;
-        RETURN_IF_FAILED(WriteConsoleWImplHelper(context.GetActiveBuffer(), buffer, read, writeDataWaiter));
+        RETURN_IF_FAILED(WriteConsoleWImplHelper(context.GetActiveBuffer(), buffer, read, requiresVtQuirk, writeDataWaiter));
 
         // Transfer specific waiter pointer into the generic interface wrapper.
         waiter.reset(writeDataWaiter.release());

src/host/_stream.h

@@ -93,4 +93,5 @@ Return Value:
 [[nodiscard]] NTSTATUS DoWriteConsole(_In_reads_bytes_(*pcbBuffer) PWCHAR pwchBuffer,
                                       _Inout_ size_t* const pcbBuffer,
                                       SCREEN_INFORMATION& screenInfo,
+                                      bool requiresVtQuirk,
                                       std::unique_ptr<WriteData>& waiter);

src/host/screenInfo.cpp

@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ SCREEN_INFORMATION::SCREEN_INFORMATION(
     _virtualBottom{ 0 },
     _renderTarget{ *this },
     _currentFont{ fontInfo },
-    _desiredFont{ fontInfo }
+    _desiredFont{ fontInfo },
+    _ignoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes{ false }
 {
     // Check if VT mode is enabled. Note that this can be true w/o calling
     // SetConsoleMode, if VirtualTerminalLevel is set to !=0 in the registry.
@@ -2029,6 +2030,13 @@ TextAttribute SCREEN_INFORMATION::GetPopupAttributes() const
 // <none>
 void SCREEN_INFORMATION::SetAttributes(const TextAttribute& attributes)
 {
+    if (_ignoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes)
+    {
+        // See the comment on StripErroneousVT16VersionsOfLegacyDefaults for more info.
+        _textBuffer->SetCurrentAttributes(TextAttribute::StripErroneousVT16VersionsOfLegacyDefaults(attributes));
+        return;
+    }
+
     _textBuffer->SetCurrentAttributes(attributes);
 
     // If we're an alt buffer, DON'T propagate this setting up to the main buffer.
@@ -2675,3 +2683,17 @@ Viewport SCREEN_INFORMATION::GetScrollingRegion() const noexcept
                                                   marginsSet ? marginRect.Bottom : buffer.BottomInclusive() });
     return margin;
 }
+
+// Routine Description:
+// - Engages the legacy VT handling quirk; see TextAttribute::StripErroneousVT16VersionsOfLegacyDefaults
+void SCREEN_INFORMATION::SetIgnoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes() noexcept
+{
+    _ignoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes = true;
+}
+
+// Routine Description:
+// - Disengages the legacy VT handling quirk; see TextAttribute::StripErroneousVT16VersionsOfLegacyDefaults
+void SCREEN_INFORMATION::ResetIgnoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes() noexcept
+{
+    _ignoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes = false;
+}

src/host/screenInfo.hpp

@@ -238,6 +238,9 @@ class SCREEN_INFORMATION : public ConsoleObjectHeader, public Microsoft::Console
 
     void InitializeCursorRowAttributes();
 
+    void SetIgnoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes() noexcept;
+    void ResetIgnoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes() noexcept;
+
 private:
     SCREEN_INFORMATION(_In_ Microsoft::Console::Interactivity::IWindowMetrics* pMetrics,
                        _In_ Microsoft::Console::Interactivity::IAccessibilityNotifier* pNotifier,
@@ -300,6 +303,8 @@ class SCREEN_INFORMATION : public ConsoleObjectHeader, public Microsoft::Console
 
     ScreenBufferRenderTarget _renderTarget;
 
+    bool _ignoreLegacyEquivalentVTAttributes;
+
 #ifdef UNIT_TESTING
     friend class TextBufferIteratorTests;
     friend class ScreenBufferTests;

src/host/ut_host/ApiRoutinesTests.cpp

@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ class ApiRoutinesTests
             const size_t cchWriteLength = std::min(cchIncrement, cchTestText - i);
 
             // Run the test method
-            const HRESULT hr = _pApiRoutines->WriteConsoleAImpl(si, { pszTestText + i, cchWriteLength }, cchRead, waiter);
+            const HRESULT hr = _pApiRoutines->WriteConsoleAImpl(si, { pszTestText + i, cchWriteLength }, cchRead, false, waiter);
 
             VERIFY_ARE_EQUAL(S_OK, hr, L"Successful result code from writing.");
             if (!fInduceWait)
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ class ApiRoutinesTests
 
         size_t cchRead = 0;
         std::unique_ptr<IWaitRoutine> waiter;
-        const HRESULT hr = _pApiRoutines->WriteConsoleWImpl(si, testText, cchRead, waiter);
+        const HRESULT hr = _pApiRoutines->WriteConsoleWImpl(si, testText, cchRead, false, waiter);
 
         VERIFY_ARE_EQUAL(S_OK, hr, L"Successful result code from writing.");
         if (!fInduceWait)