diff --git a/change/@fluentui-react-89173b86-4f03-440a-93e8-23c4c3569f3b.json b/change/@fluentui-react-89173b86-4f03-440a-93e8-23c4c3569f3b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..931347c628e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/change/@fluentui-react-89173b86-4f03-440a-93e8-23c4c3569f3b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "type": "patch",
+  "comment": "fix: Combobox/Dropdown multiselect checkbox+label pattern with role=option results in duplicate text",
+  "packageName": "@fluentui/react",
+  "email": "sarah.higley@microsoft.com",
+  "dependentChangeType": "patch"
+}
diff --git a/packages/react/src/components/ComboBox/ComboBox.tsx b/packages/react/src/components/ComboBox/ComboBox.tsx
index 03eb5041dd6f8..42a842b9ce4f4 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/components/ComboBox/ComboBox.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/components/ComboBox/ComboBox.tsx
@@ -1487,9 +1487,14 @@ class ComboBoxInternal extends React.Component<IComboBoxInternalProps, IComboBox
     );
   }
 
+  private _renderCheckboxLabel(item: IComboBoxOption): JSX.Element | null {
+    const { onRenderOption = this._onRenderMultiselectOptionContent } = this.props;
+    return onRenderOption(item, this._onRenderMultiselectOptionContent);
+  }
+
   private _renderOption = (item: IComboBoxOption): JSX.Element => {
     const { onRenderOption = this._onRenderOptionContent } = this.props;
-    const id = this._id;
+    const id = item.id ?? this._id + '-list' + item.index;
     const isSelected: boolean = this._isOptionSelected(item.index);
     const isChecked: boolean = this._isOptionChecked(item.index);
     const isIndeterminate: boolean = this._isOptionIndeterminate(item.index);
@@ -1497,12 +1502,10 @@ class ComboBoxInternal extends React.Component<IComboBoxInternalProps, IComboBox
     const optionClassNames = getComboBoxOptionClassNames(this._getCurrentOptionStyles(item));
     const title = item.title;
 
-    const onRenderCheckboxLabel = () => onRenderOption(item, this._onRenderOptionContent);
-
     const getOptionComponent = () => {
       return !this.props.multiSelect ? (
         <CommandButton
-          id={item.id ?? id + '-list' + item.index}
+          id={id}
           key={item.key}
           data-index={item.index}
           styles={optionStyles}
@@ -1529,8 +1532,9 @@ class ComboBoxInternal extends React.Component<IComboBoxInternalProps, IComboBox
         </CommandButton>
       ) : (
         <Checkbox
-          id={item.id ?? id + '-list' + item.index}
+          id={id}
           ariaLabel={item.ariaLabel}
+          ariaLabelledBy={item.ariaLabel ? undefined : id + '-label'}
           key={item.key}
           styles={optionStyles}
           className={'ms-ComboBox-option'}
@@ -1541,7 +1545,7 @@ class ComboBoxInternal extends React.Component<IComboBoxInternalProps, IComboBox
           title={title}
           disabled={item.disabled}
           // eslint-disable-next-line react/jsx-no-bind
-          onRenderLabel={onRenderCheckboxLabel}
+          onRenderLabel={this._renderCheckboxLabel.bind(this, { ...item, id: id + '-label' })}
           inputProps={{
             // aria-selected should only be applied to checked items, not hovered items
             'aria-selected': isChecked ? 'true' : 'false',
@@ -1750,6 +1754,19 @@ class ComboBoxInternal extends React.Component<IComboBoxInternalProps, IComboBox
     return <span className={optionClassNames.optionText}>{item.text}</span>;
   };
 
+  /*
+   * Render content of a multiselect item label.
+   * Text within the label is aria-hidden, to prevent duplicate input/label exposure
+   */
+  private _onRenderMultiselectOptionContent = (item: IComboBoxOption): JSX.Element => {
+    const optionClassNames = getComboBoxOptionClassNames(this._getCurrentOptionStyles(item));
+    return (
+      <span id={item.id} aria-hidden="true" className={optionClassNames.optionText}>
+        {item.text}
+      </span>
+    );
+  };
+
   /**
    * Click handler for the menu items
    * to select the item and also close the menu
diff --git a/packages/react/src/components/ComboBox/__snapshots__/ComboBox.test.tsx.snap b/packages/react/src/components/ComboBox/__snapshots__/ComboBox.test.tsx.snap
index 802b78a6b8d3f..c81a7cb193598 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/components/ComboBox/__snapshots__/ComboBox.test.tsx.snap
+++ b/packages/react/src/components/ComboBox/__snapshots__/ComboBox.test.tsx.snap
@@ -1641,6 +1641,7 @@ exports[`ComboBox Renders correctly when opened in multi-select mode 1`] = `
                           }
                     >
                       <input
+                        aria-labelledby="ComboBox0-list1-label"
                         aria-selected="false"
                         class=
 
@@ -1742,6 +1743,7 @@ exports[`ComboBox Renders correctly when opened in multi-select mode 1`] = `
                           </i>
                         </div>
                         <span
+                          aria-hidden="true"
                           class=
                               ms-ComboBox-optionText
                               {
@@ -1754,6 +1756,7 @@ exports[`ComboBox Renders correctly when opened in multi-select mode 1`] = `
                                 white-space: nowrap;
                                 word-wrap: break-word;
                               }
+                          id="ComboBox0-list1-label"
                         >
                           Option 1
                         </span>
@@ -1854,6 +1857,7 @@ exports[`ComboBox Renders correctly when opened in multi-select mode 1`] = `
                         }
                   >
                     <input
+                      aria-labelledby="ComboBox0-list3-label"
                       aria-selected="true"
                       checked=""
                       class=
@@ -1959,6 +1963,7 @@ exports[`ComboBox Renders correctly when opened in multi-select mode 1`] = `
                         </i>
                       </div>
                       <span
+                        aria-hidden="true"
                         class=
                             ms-ComboBox-optionText
                             {
@@ -1971,6 +1976,7 @@ exports[`ComboBox Renders correctly when opened in multi-select mode 1`] = `
                               white-space: nowrap;
                               word-wrap: break-word;
                             }
+                        id="ComboBox0-list3-label"
                       >
                         Option 2
                       </span>
diff --git a/packages/react/src/components/Dropdown/Dropdown.base.tsx b/packages/react/src/components/Dropdown/Dropdown.base.tsx
index dc043a9bd0633..b8f387f623b59 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/components/Dropdown/Dropdown.base.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/components/Dropdown/Dropdown.base.tsx
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ class DropdownInternal extends React.Component<IDropdownInternalProps, IDropdown
       isRenderingPlaceholder: !selectedOptions.length,
       panelClassName: panelProps ? panelProps.className : undefined,
       calloutClassName: calloutProps ? calloutProps.className : undefined,
-      calloutRenderEdge: calloutRenderEdge,
+      calloutRenderEdge,
     });
 
     const hasErrorMessage: boolean = !!errorMessage && errorMessage.length > 0;
@@ -796,6 +796,10 @@ class DropdownInternal extends React.Component<IDropdownInternalProps, IDropdown
 
     const { title } = item;
 
+    // define the id and label id (for multiselect checkboxes)
+    const id = this._listId + item.index;
+    const labelId = item.id ?? (id + '-label');
+
     const multiSelectItemStyles = this._classNames.subComponentStyles
       ? (this._classNames.subComponentStyles.multiSelectItem as IStyleFunctionOrObject<
           ICheckboxStyleProps,
@@ -805,7 +809,7 @@ class DropdownInternal extends React.Component<IDropdownInternalProps, IDropdown
 
     return !this.props.multiSelect ? (
       <CommandButton
-        id={this._listId + item.index}
+        id={id}
         key={item.key}
         data-index={item.index}
         data-is-focusable={!item.disabled}
@@ -829,7 +833,7 @@ class DropdownInternal extends React.Component<IDropdownInternalProps, IDropdown
       </CommandButton>
     ) : (
       <Checkbox
-        id={this._listId + item.index}
+        id={id}
         key={item.key}
         disabled={item.disabled}
         onChange={this._onItemClick(item)}
@@ -847,13 +851,14 @@ class DropdownInternal extends React.Component<IDropdownInternalProps, IDropdown
         label={item.text}
         title={title}
         // eslint-disable-next-line react/jsx-no-bind
-        onRenderLabel={this._onRenderItemLabel.bind(this, item)}
+        onRenderLabel={this._onRenderItemLabel.bind(this, { ...item, id: labelId })}
         className={css(itemClassName, 'is-multi-select')}
         checked={isItemSelected}
         styles={multiSelectItemStyles}
         ariaPositionInSet={!item.hidden ? this._sizePosCache.positionInSet(item.index) : undefined}
         ariaSetSize={!item.hidden ? this._sizePosCache.optionSetSize : undefined}
         ariaLabel={item.ariaLabel}
+        ariaLabelledBy={item.ariaLabel ? undefined : labelId}
       />
     );
   };
@@ -863,10 +868,22 @@ class DropdownInternal extends React.Component<IDropdownInternalProps, IDropdown
     return <span className={this._classNames.dropdownOptionText}>{item.text}</span>;
   };
 
-  /** Render custom label for drop down item */
+  /*
+   * Render content of a multiselect item label.
+   * Text within the label is aria-hidden, to prevent duplicate input/label exposure
+   */
+  private _onRenderMultiselectOption = (item: IDropdownOption): JSX.Element => {
+    return (
+      <span id={item.id} aria-hidden="true" className={this._classNames.dropdownOptionText}>
+        {item.text}
+      </span>
+    );
+  };
+
+  /** Render custom label for multiselect checkbox items */
   private _onRenderItemLabel = (item: IDropdownOption): JSX.Element | null => {
-    const { onRenderOption = this._onRenderOption } = this.props;
-    return onRenderOption(item, this._onRenderOption);
+    const { onRenderOption = this._onRenderMultiselectOption } = this.props;
+    return onRenderOption(item, this._onRenderMultiselectOption);
   };
 
   private _onPositioned = (positions?: ICalloutPositionedInfo): void => {
diff --git a/packages/react/src/components/Dropdown/__snapshots__/Dropdown.test.tsx.snap b/packages/react/src/components/Dropdown/__snapshots__/Dropdown.test.tsx.snap
index be458943aaa5e..94d2ec91a1b40 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/components/Dropdown/__snapshots__/Dropdown.test.tsx.snap
+++ b/packages/react/src/components/Dropdown/__snapshots__/Dropdown.test.tsx.snap
@@ -468,6 +468,7 @@ exports[`Dropdown multi-select Renders correctly when open 1`] = `
                           }
                     >
                       <input
+                        aria-labelledby="Dropdown0-list1-label"
                         aria-posinset="1"
                         aria-selected="true"
                         aria-setsize="2"
@@ -582,6 +583,7 @@ exports[`Dropdown multi-select Renders correctly when open 1`] = `
                           </i>
                         </div>
                         <span
+                          aria-hidden="true"
                           class=
                               ms-Dropdown-optionText
                               {
@@ -597,6 +599,7 @@ exports[`Dropdown multi-select Renders correctly when open 1`] = `
                                 white-space: nowrap;
                                 word-wrap: break-word;
                               }
+                          id="Dropdown0-list1-label"
                         >
                           1
                         </span>
@@ -714,6 +717,7 @@ exports[`Dropdown multi-select Renders correctly when open 1`] = `
                     title="test"
                   >
                     <input
+                      aria-labelledby="Dropdown0-list3-label"
                       aria-posinset="2"
                       aria-selected="false"
                       aria-setsize="2"
@@ -825,6 +829,7 @@ exports[`Dropdown multi-select Renders correctly when open 1`] = `
                         </i>
                       </div>
                       <span
+                        aria-hidden="true"
                         class=
                             ms-Dropdown-optionText
                             {
@@ -840,6 +845,7 @@ exports[`Dropdown multi-select Renders correctly when open 1`] = `
                               white-space: nowrap;
                               word-wrap: break-word;
                             }
+                        id="Dropdown0-list3-label"
                       >
                         2
                       </span>