diff --git a/src/compiler/program.ts b/src/compiler/program.ts
index aa106a618731e..a9e271fce8bf1 100644
--- a/src/compiler/program.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/program.ts
@@ -536,20 +536,39 @@ namespace ts {
         return resolutions;
     }
 
-    /* @internal */
-    interface SourceFileImportsList {
-        imports: SourceFile["imports"];
-        moduleAugmentations: SourceFile["moduleAugmentations"];
+    /**
+     * Subset of a SourceFile used to calculate index-based resolutions
+     * This includes some internal fields, so unless you have very good reason,
+     * (and are willing to use some less stable internals) you should probably just pass a SourceFile.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    export interface SourceFileImportsList {
+        /* @internal */ imports: SourceFile["imports"];
+        /* @internal */ moduleAugmentations: SourceFile["moduleAugmentations"];
         impliedNodeFormat?: SourceFile["impliedNodeFormat"];
     };
 
-    /* @internal */
+    /**
+     * Calculates the resulting resolution mode for some reference in some file - this is generally the explicitly
+     * provided resolution mode in the reference, unless one is not present, in which case it is the mode of the containing file.
+     */
     export function getModeForFileReference(ref: FileReference | string, containingFileMode: SourceFile["impliedNodeFormat"]) {
         return (isString(ref) ? containingFileMode : ref.resolutionMode) || containingFileMode;
     }
 
-    /* @internal */
-    export function getModeForResolutionAtIndex(file: SourceFileImportsList, index: number) {
+    /**
+     * Calculates the final resolution mode for an import at some index within a file's imports list. This is generally the explicitly
+     * defined mode of the import if provided, or, if not, the mode of the containing file (with some exceptions: import=require is always commonjs, dynamic import is always esm).
+     * If you have an actual import node, prefer using getModeForUsageLocation on the reference string node.
+     * @param file File to fetch the resolution mode within
+     * @param index Index into the file's complete resolution list to get the resolution of - this is a concatenation of the file's imports and module augmentations
+     */
+    export function getModeForResolutionAtIndex(file: SourceFile, index: number): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined;
+    /** @internal */
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unified-signatures
+    export function getModeForResolutionAtIndex(file: SourceFileImportsList, index: number): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined;
+    export function getModeForResolutionAtIndex(file: SourceFileImportsList, index: number): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined {
         if (file.impliedNodeFormat === undefined) return undefined;
         // we ensure all elements of file.imports and file.moduleAugmentations have the relevant parent pointers set during program setup,
         // so it's safe to use them even pre-bind
@@ -567,7 +586,15 @@ namespace ts {
         return false;
     }
 
-    /* @internal */
+    /**
+     * Calculates the final resolution mode for a given module reference node. This is generally the explicitly provided resolution mode, if
+     * one exists, or the mode of the containing source file. (Excepting import=require, which is always commonjs, and dynamic import, which is always esm).
+     * Notably, this function always returns `undefined` if the containing file has an `undefined` `impliedNodeFormat` - this field is only set when
+     * `moduleResolution` is `node16`+.
+     * @param file The file the import or import-like reference is contained within
+     * @param usage The module reference string
+     * @returns The final resolution mode of the import
+     */
     export function getModeForUsageLocation(file: {impliedNodeFormat?: SourceFile["impliedNodeFormat"]}, usage: StringLiteralLike) {
         if (file.impliedNodeFormat === undefined) return undefined;
         if ((isImportDeclaration(usage.parent) || isExportDeclaration(usage.parent))) {
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts b/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
index ab7ae0cde4997..62c0b481fb22b 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts
@@ -5102,6 +5102,31 @@ declare namespace ts {
     export function formatDiagnostic(diagnostic: Diagnostic, host: FormatDiagnosticsHost): string;
     export function formatDiagnosticsWithColorAndContext(diagnostics: readonly Diagnostic[], host: FormatDiagnosticsHost): string;
     export function flattenDiagnosticMessageText(diag: string | DiagnosticMessageChain | undefined, newLine: string, indent?: number): string;
+    /**
+     * Calculates the resulting resolution mode for some reference in some file - this is generally the explicitly
+     * provided resolution mode in the reference, unless one is not present, in which case it is the mode of the containing file.
+     */
+    export function getModeForFileReference(ref: FileReference | string, containingFileMode: SourceFile["impliedNodeFormat"]): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Calculates the final resolution mode for an import at some index within a file's imports list. This is generally the explicitly
+     * defined mode of the import if provided, or, if not, the mode of the containing file (with some exceptions: import=require is always commonjs, dynamic import is always esm).
+     * If you have an actual import node, prefer using getModeForUsageLocation on the reference string node.
+     * @param file File to fetch the resolution mode within
+     * @param index Index into the file's complete resolution list to get the resolution of - this is a concatenation of the file's imports and module augmentations
+     */
+    export function getModeForResolutionAtIndex(file: SourceFile, index: number): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Calculates the final resolution mode for a given module reference node. This is generally the explicitly provided resolution mode, if
+     * one exists, or the mode of the containing source file. (Excepting import=require, which is always commonjs, and dynamic import, which is always esm).
+     * Notably, this function always returns `undefined` if the containing file has an `undefined` `impliedNodeFormat` - this field is only set when
+     * `moduleResolution` is `node16`+.
+     * @param file The file the import or import-like reference is contained within
+     * @param usage The module reference string
+     * @returns The final resolution mode of the import
+     */
+    export function getModeForUsageLocation(file: {
+        impliedNodeFormat?: SourceFile["impliedNodeFormat"];
+    }, usage: StringLiteralLike): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined;
     export function getConfigFileParsingDiagnostics(configFileParseResult: ParsedCommandLine): readonly Diagnostic[];
     /**
      * A function for determining if a given file is esm or cjs format, assuming modern node module resolution rules, as configured by the
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts b/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
index 658786b63f18c..61df249f1308e 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts
@@ -5102,6 +5102,31 @@ declare namespace ts {
     export function formatDiagnostic(diagnostic: Diagnostic, host: FormatDiagnosticsHost): string;
     export function formatDiagnosticsWithColorAndContext(diagnostics: readonly Diagnostic[], host: FormatDiagnosticsHost): string;
     export function flattenDiagnosticMessageText(diag: string | DiagnosticMessageChain | undefined, newLine: string, indent?: number): string;
+    /**
+     * Calculates the resulting resolution mode for some reference in some file - this is generally the explicitly
+     * provided resolution mode in the reference, unless one is not present, in which case it is the mode of the containing file.
+     */
+    export function getModeForFileReference(ref: FileReference | string, containingFileMode: SourceFile["impliedNodeFormat"]): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Calculates the final resolution mode for an import at some index within a file's imports list. This is generally the explicitly
+     * defined mode of the import if provided, or, if not, the mode of the containing file (with some exceptions: import=require is always commonjs, dynamic import is always esm).
+     * If you have an actual import node, prefer using getModeForUsageLocation on the reference string node.
+     * @param file File to fetch the resolution mode within
+     * @param index Index into the file's complete resolution list to get the resolution of - this is a concatenation of the file's imports and module augmentations
+     */
+    export function getModeForResolutionAtIndex(file: SourceFile, index: number): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Calculates the final resolution mode for a given module reference node. This is generally the explicitly provided resolution mode, if
+     * one exists, or the mode of the containing source file. (Excepting import=require, which is always commonjs, and dynamic import, which is always esm).
+     * Notably, this function always returns `undefined` if the containing file has an `undefined` `impliedNodeFormat` - this field is only set when
+     * `moduleResolution` is `node16`+.
+     * @param file The file the import or import-like reference is contained within
+     * @param usage The module reference string
+     * @returns The final resolution mode of the import
+     */
+    export function getModeForUsageLocation(file: {
+        impliedNodeFormat?: SourceFile["impliedNodeFormat"];
+    }, usage: StringLiteralLike): ModuleKind.CommonJS | ModuleKind.ESNext | undefined;
     export function getConfigFileParsingDiagnostics(configFileParseResult: ParsedCommandLine): readonly Diagnostic[];
     /**
      * A function for determining if a given file is esm or cjs format, assuming modern node module resolution rules, as configured by the