diff --git a/stl/inc/execution b/stl/inc/execution
index 5f5134f768f..3e890f8aed6 100644
--- a/stl/inc/execution
+++ b/stl/inc/execution
@@ -73,23 +73,27 @@ namespace execution {
     _EXPORT_STD class sequenced_policy {
         // indicates support for only sequential execution, and requests termination on exceptions
     public:
+        explicit sequenced_policy() = default; // per LWG-4273
+
         using _Standard_execution_policy   = int;
         static constexpr bool _Parallelize = false;
         static constexpr bool _Ivdep       = false;
     };
 
-    _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr sequenced_policy seq{/* unspecified */};
+    _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr sequenced_policy seq{};
 
     _EXPORT_STD class parallel_policy {
         // indicates support by element access functions for parallel execution with parallel forward progress
         // guarantees, and requests termination on exceptions
     public:
+        explicit parallel_policy() = default; // per LWG-4273
+
         using _Standard_execution_policy   = int;
         static constexpr bool _Parallelize = true;
         static constexpr bool _Ivdep       = true;
     };
 
-    _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr parallel_policy par{/* unspecified */};
+    _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr parallel_policy par{};
 
     _EXPORT_STD class parallel_unsequenced_policy {
         // indicates support by element access functions for parallel execution with weakly parallel forward progress
@@ -97,12 +101,14 @@ namespace execution {
         //
         // (at this time, equivalent to parallel_policy)
     public:
+        explicit parallel_unsequenced_policy() = default; // per LWG-4273
+
         using _Standard_execution_policy   = int;
         static constexpr bool _Parallelize = true;
         static constexpr bool _Ivdep       = true;
     };
 
-    _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr parallel_unsequenced_policy par_unseq{/* unspecified */};
+    _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr parallel_unsequenced_policy par_unseq{};
 
 #if _HAS_CXX20
     _EXPORT_STD class unsequenced_policy {
@@ -112,12 +118,14 @@ namespace execution {
         // (at this time, equivalent to sequenced_policy except for for_each(_n), destroy(_n),
         // uninitialized_default_construct(_n), and uninitialized_value_construct(_n))
     public:
+        explicit unsequenced_policy() = default; // per LWG-4273
+
         using _Standard_execution_policy   = int;
         static constexpr bool _Parallelize = false;
         static constexpr bool _Ivdep       = true;
     };
 
-    _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr unsequenced_policy unseq{/* unspecified */};
+    _EXPORT_STD inline constexpr unsequenced_policy unseq{};
 #endif // _HAS_CXX20
 
 } // namespace execution
diff --git a/tests/std/test.lst b/tests/std/test.lst
index 666f255aae7..2ef39ff142a 100644
--- a/tests/std/test.lst
+++ b/tests/std/test.lst
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ tests\GH_005421_vector_algorithms_integer_class_type_iterator
 tests\GH_005472_do_not_overlap
 tests\GH_005553_regex_character_translation
 tests\LWG2381_num_get_floating_point
+tests\LWG2510_tag_classes
 tests\LWG2597_complex_branch_cut
 tests\LWG3018_shared_ptr_function
 tests\LWG3121_constrained_tuple_forwarding_ctor
diff --git a/tests/std/tests/LWG2510_tag_classes/env.lst b/tests/std/tests/LWG2510_tag_classes/env.lst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19f025bd0e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/std/tests/LWG2510_tag_classes/env.lst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+RUNALL_INCLUDE ..\usual_matrix.lst
diff --git a/tests/std/tests/LWG2510_tag_classes/test.compile.pass.cpp b/tests/std/tests/LWG2510_tag_classes/test.compile.pass.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e7efbdf073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/std/tests/LWG2510_tag_classes/test.compile.pass.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
+#include <list>
+#include <memory>
+#include <new>
+#include <scoped_allocator>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
+#include <future>
+#include <mutex>
+#endif // _M_CEE_PURE
+
+#if _HAS_CXX17
+#include <execution>
+#endif // _HAS_CXX17
+
+#if _HAS_CXX20
+#include <chrono>
+#include <format>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <stop_token>
+#endif // _HAS_CXX20
+
+#if _HAS_CXX23
+#include <expected>
+#include <generator>
+#include <mdspan>
+#include <optional>
+#endif // _HAS_CXX23
+
+#define STATIC_ASSERT(...) static_assert(__VA_ARGS__, #__VA_ARGS__)
+
+using namespace std;
+
+// LWG-2510 "Tag types should not be DefaultConstructible"
+
+template <class T>
+void check_implicit_default_construction(const T&); // not defined
+
+template <class T, class = void>
+constexpr bool implicitly_default_constructible = false;
+template <class T>
+constexpr bool implicitly_default_constructible<T, void_t<decltype(check_implicit_default_construction<T>({}))>> = true;
+
+STATIC_ASSERT(implicitly_default_constructible<int>);
+STATIC_ASSERT(implicitly_default_constructible<void*>);
+
+STATIC_ASSERT(!implicitly_default_constructible<void>);
+STATIC_ASSERT(!implicitly_default_constructible<int&>);
+STATIC_ASSERT(!implicitly_default_constructible<void()>);
+
+template <class T>
+void check_tag_class() { // COMPILE-ONLY
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_default_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(!implicitly_default_constructible<T>);
+
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_copy_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_move_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_constructible_v<T, T&>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_constructible_v<T, const T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_convertible_v<T&, T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_convertible_v<const T&, T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_convertible_v<T, T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_convertible_v<const T, T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_copy_assignable_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_move_assignable_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_assignable_v<T&, T&>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_assignable_v<T&, const T>);
+
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_destructible_v<T>);
+
+    STATIC_ASSERT(!is_polymorphic_v<T>);
+
+    constexpr T constant_argument;
+    (void) constant_argument;
+
+    // desired properties not yet guaranteed by the Standard
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, T&>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, const T>);
+#if _HAS_CXX20
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_convertible_v<T&, T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_convertible_v<const T&, T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_convertible_v<T, T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_convertible_v<const T, T>);
+#endif // _HAS_CXX20
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_assignable_v<T&, T&>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_nothrow_assignable_v<T&, const T>);
+
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_default_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_move_constructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_constructible_v<T, T&>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_constructible_v<T, const T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_copy_assignable_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_move_assignable_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_assignable_v<T&, T&>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_assignable_v<T&, const T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_destructible_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_trivially_copyable_v<T>);
+
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_standard_layout_v<T>);
+    STATIC_ASSERT(is_empty_v<T>); // only guaranteed for allocator_arg_t and piecewise_construct_t
+
+    // ABI-specific, seemingly agreed among mainstream implementations
+    STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(T) == 1);
+}
+
+void check_standard_tags() { // COMPILE-ONLY
+    check_tag_class<nothrow_t>();
+    check_tag_class<allocator_arg_t>();
+    check_tag_class<piecewise_construct_t>();
+#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
+    check_tag_class<adopt_lock_t>();
+    check_tag_class<defer_lock_t>();
+    check_tag_class<try_to_lock_t>();
+#endif // _M_CEE_PURE
+
+#if _HAS_CXX17
+    check_tag_class<in_place_t>();
+    check_tag_class<in_place_index_t<0>>();
+    check_tag_class<in_place_index_t<42>>();
+    check_tag_class<in_place_index_t<static_cast<size_t>(-1)>>();
+    check_tag_class<in_place_type_t<int>>();
+    check_tag_class<in_place_type_t<in_place_type_t<int>>>();
+    check_tag_class<in_place_type_t<void>>();
+    check_tag_class<in_place_type_t<void()>>();
+
+    // LWG-4273 "Standard execution policy types should be conventional tag class types"
+    check_tag_class<execution::sequenced_policy>();
+    check_tag_class<execution::parallel_policy>();
+    check_tag_class<execution::parallel_unsequenced_policy>();
+#endif // _HAS_CXX17
+
+#if _HAS_CXX20
+    check_tag_class<destroying_delete_t>();
+    check_tag_class<nostopstate_t>();
+    check_tag_class<chrono::last_spec>();
+
+    // LWG-4273 "Standard execution policy types should be conventional tag class types"
+    check_tag_class<execution::unsequenced_policy>();
+#endif // _HAS_CXX20
+
+#if _HAS_CXX23
+    check_tag_class<from_range_t>();
+    check_tag_class<unexpect_t>();
+    // TODO: Cover sorted_equivalent_t and sorted_unique_t once flat_meow are implemented.
+#endif // _HAS_CXX23
+
+    // TODO: Update to cover newly introduced tag class types.
+}
+
+// We intentionally implement internal disambiguation tag types like standard ones.
+void check_implementation_details() { // COMPILE-ONLY
+    // TODO: Synchronize the check list with actual implementation details.
+    check_tag_class<_Alloc_exact_args_t>();
+    check_tag_class<_Alloc_unpack_tuple_t>();
+    check_tag_class<_Exact_args_t>();
+    check_tag_class<_Leave_proxy_unbound>();
+    check_tag_class<_Move_allocator_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_One_then_variadic_args_t>();
+    check_tag_class<_String_constructor_concat_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_Secret_copyability_ignoring_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_Secret_scoped_allocator_construct_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_Unforced>();
+    check_tag_class<_Unpack_tuple_t>();
+    check_tag_class<_Value_init_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_Zero_then_variadic_args_t>();
+#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
+    check_tag_class<_From_raw_state_tag>();
+#endif // _M_CEE_PURE
+
+#if _HAS_CXX17
+    check_tag_class<_No_init_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_Not_fn_tag>();
+#endif // _HAS_CXX17
+
+#if _HAS_CXX20
+    check_tag_class<_Auto_id_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_For_overwrite_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_Variantish_empty_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<chrono::_Secret_time_zone_construct_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<chrono::_Secret_time_zone_link_construct_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<chrono::_Secret_tzdb_list_construct_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<ranges::_Construct_tag>();
+#endif // _HAS_CXX20
+
+#if _HAS_CXX23
+    check_tag_class<_Construct_expected_from_invoke_result_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_Construct_from_invoke_result_tag>();
+    check_tag_class<_Extents_from_tuple>();
+    check_tag_class<_Gen_detail::_Secret_tag>();
+#endif // _HAS_CXX23
+}
diff --git a/tests/std/tests/VSO_0000000_more_pair_tuple_sfinae/test.cpp b/tests/std/tests/VSO_0000000_more_pair_tuple_sfinae/test.cpp
index fb07af86b09..21a3bf66076 100644
--- a/tests/std/tests/VSO_0000000_more_pair_tuple_sfinae/test.cpp
+++ b/tests/std/tests/VSO_0000000_more_pair_tuple_sfinae/test.cpp
@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <memory>
-#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
-#include <mutex>
-#endif // _M_CEE_PURE
-#include <new>
 #include <string>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
@@ -42,39 +38,31 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(!is_constructible_v<tuple<NoDefault, NoDefault>, allocator_arg_t,
 
 
 // LWG-2510 "Tag types should not be DefaultConstructible"
-template <typename T, typename = void>
-struct IsImplicitlyDefaultConstructible : false_type {};
+template <class T, class = void>
+constexpr bool implicitly_default_constructible = false;
 
-template <typename T>
-void ImplicitlyDefaultConstruct(const T&);
+template <class T>
+void check_implicit_default_construction(const T&); // not defined
 
-template <typename T>
-struct IsImplicitlyDefaultConstructible<T, void_t<decltype(ImplicitlyDefaultConstruct<T>({}))>> : true_type {};
+template <class T>
+constexpr bool implicitly_default_constructible<T, void_t<decltype(check_implicit_default_construction<T>({}))>> = true;
 
 struct ExplicitDefault {
     explicit ExplicitDefault() = default;
 };
 
 template <typename T>
-constexpr bool OrdinaryDC = is_default_constructible_v<T> && IsImplicitlyDefaultConstructible<T>::value;
+constexpr bool OrdinaryDC = is_default_constructible_v<T> && implicitly_default_constructible<T>;
 
 template <typename T>
-constexpr bool ExplicitDC = is_default_constructible_v<T> && !IsImplicitlyDefaultConstructible<T>::value;
+constexpr bool ExplicitDC = is_default_constructible_v<T> && !implicitly_default_constructible<T>;
 
 template <typename T>
-constexpr bool VerbotenDC = !is_default_constructible_v<T> && !IsImplicitlyDefaultConstructible<T>::value;
+constexpr bool VerbotenDC = !is_default_constructible_v<T> && !implicitly_default_constructible<T>;
 
 STATIC_ASSERT(OrdinaryDC<int>);
 STATIC_ASSERT(VerbotenDC<NoDefault>);
 STATIC_ASSERT(ExplicitDC<ExplicitDefault>);
-STATIC_ASSERT(ExplicitDC<nothrow_t>);
-STATIC_ASSERT(ExplicitDC<piecewise_construct_t>);
-STATIC_ASSERT(ExplicitDC<allocator_arg_t>);
-#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
-STATIC_ASSERT(ExplicitDC<defer_lock_t>);
-STATIC_ASSERT(ExplicitDC<try_to_lock_t>);
-STATIC_ASSERT(ExplicitDC<adopt_lock_t>);
-#endif // _M_CEE_PURE
 
 using Expl = ExplicitDefault;
 using NOPE = NoDefault;