diff --git a/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt
index 06fa89b1c68..72a2693df52 100644
--- a/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ add_benchmark(fill src/fill.cpp)
 add_benchmark(find_and_count src/find_and_count.cpp)
 add_benchmark(find_first_of src/find_first_of.cpp)
 add_benchmark(has_single_bit src/has_single_bit.cpp)
+add_benchmark(includes src/includes.cpp)
 add_benchmark(iota src/iota.cpp)
 add_benchmark(is_sorted_until src/is_sorted_until.cpp)
 add_benchmark(locale_classic src/locale_classic.cpp)
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/includes.cpp b/benchmarks/src/includes.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d349bde1687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/includes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <random>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "skewed_allocator.hpp"
+#include "utility.hpp"
+
+using namespace std;
+
+enum class alg_type { std_fn, rng };
+
+enum class needle_spread { dense, dense_random, sparse, sparse_random };
+
+template <class T, alg_type Alg>
+void bm_includes(benchmark::State& state) {
+    const auto hay_size       = static_cast<size_t>(state.range(0));
+    const auto needle_size    = static_cast<size_t>(state.range(1));
+    const auto spread         = static_cast<needle_spread>(state.range(2));
+    const auto expected_match = static_cast<bool>(state.range(3));
+
+    auto hay = random_vector<T, not_highly_aligned_allocator>(hay_size);
+    ranges::sort(hay);
+
+    vector<T, not_highly_aligned_allocator<T>> needle;
+    switch (spread) {
+    case needle_spread::dense:
+        needle.assign(hay.begin() + hay_size / 2 - needle_size / 2, hay.begin() + hay_size / 2 + (needle_size + 1) / 2);
+        break;
+
+    case needle_spread::dense_random:
+        {
+            mt19937 gen{};
+            geometric_distribution<size_t> dis_dis{};
+            vector<size_t> idx(needle_size);
+            const size_t mid = needle_size / 2;
+            idx[mid]         = hay_size / 2;
+
+            const size_t max_shift = hay_size / needle_size;
+
+            for (size_t i = mid; i != 0; --i) {
+                idx[i - 1] = idx[i] - min(dis_dis(gen) + 1, max_shift);
+            }
+
+            for (size_t i = mid; i != needle_size - 1; ++i) {
+                idx[i + 1] = idx[i] + min(dis_dis(gen) + 1, max_shift);
+            }
+
+            needle.assign_range(idx | views::transform([&hay](const size_t i) { return hay[i]; }));
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case needle_spread::sparse:
+        needle.resize(needle_size);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i != needle_size; ++i) {
+            needle[i] = hay[hay_size * i / needle_size + hay_size / (needle_size * 2)];
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case needle_spread::sparse_random:
+        needle.resize(needle_size);
+        ranges::sample(hay, needle.begin(), needle_size, mt19937{});
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (!expected_match) {
+        const T v = needle[needle_size / 2];
+        const T r = static_cast<T>(static_cast<make_unsigned_t<T>>(v) + 1);
+        ranges::replace(hay, v, r);
+        ranges::sort(hay);
+    }
+
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        benchmark::DoNotOptimize(hay);
+        benchmark::DoNotOptimize(needle);
+        bool found;
+        if constexpr (Alg == alg_type::rng) {
+            found = ranges::includes(hay, needle);
+        } else {
+            found = includes(hay.begin(), hay.end(), needle.begin(), needle.end());
+        }
+        benchmark::DoNotOptimize(found);
+        if (found != expected_match) {
+            cerr << "Unexpected 'includes' result: " << found << '\n';
+            abort();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void common_args(auto bm) {
+    for (const auto& spread :
+        {needle_spread::dense, needle_spread::dense_random, needle_spread::sparse, needle_spread::sparse_random}) {
+        for (const auto& expected_match : {true, false}) {
+            for (const auto& needle_size : {3, 22, 105, 1504, 2750}) {
+                bm->Args({3000, needle_size, static_cast<underlying_type_t<needle_spread>>(spread), expected_match});
+            }
+
+            for (const auto& needle_size : {3, 22, 105, 290}) {
+                bm->Args({300, needle_size, static_cast<underlying_type_t<needle_spread>>(spread), expected_match});
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(bm_includes<int8_t, alg_type::std_fn>)->Apply(common_args);
+BENCHMARK(bm_includes<int16_t, alg_type::std_fn>)->Apply(common_args);
+BENCHMARK(bm_includes<int32_t, alg_type::std_fn>)->Apply(common_args);
+BENCHMARK(bm_includes<int64_t, alg_type::std_fn>)->Apply(common_args);
+
+BENCHMARK(bm_includes<int8_t, alg_type::rng>)->Apply(common_args);
+BENCHMARK(bm_includes<int16_t, alg_type::rng>)->Apply(common_args);
+BENCHMARK(bm_includes<int32_t, alg_type::rng>)->Apply(common_args);
+BENCHMARK(bm_includes<int64_t, alg_type::rng>)->Apply(common_args);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/stl/inc/algorithm b/stl/inc/algorithm
index bb931d3cd22..e8afb54e353 100644
--- a/stl/inc/algorithm
+++ b/stl/inc/algorithm
@@ -10158,17 +10158,31 @@ _NODISCARD _CONSTEXPR20 bool includes(_InIt1 _First1, _InIt1 _Last1, _InIt2 _Fir
     const auto _ULast2 = _STD _Get_unwrapped(_Last2);
     _DEBUG_ORDER_SET_UNWRAPPED(_InIt2, _UFirst1, _ULast1, _Pred);
     _DEBUG_ORDER_SET_UNWRAPPED(_InIt1, _UFirst2, _ULast2, _Pred);
-    for (; _UFirst1 != _ULast1 && _UFirst2 != _ULast2; ++_UFirst1) {
-        if (_DEBUG_LT_PRED(_Pred, *_UFirst2, *_UFirst1)) {
-            return false;
-        }
 
-        if (!_Pred(*_UFirst1, *_UFirst2)) {
+    if (_UFirst2 == _ULast2) {
+        return true;
+    } else if (_UFirst1 == _ULast1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (;;) {
+        if (_DEBUG_LT_PRED(_Pred, *_UFirst1, *_UFirst2)) {
+            ++_UFirst1;
+            if (_UFirst1 == _ULast1) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else if (_Pred(*_UFirst2, *_UFirst1)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            ++_UFirst1;
             ++_UFirst2;
+            if (_UFirst2 == _ULast2) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (_UFirst1 == _ULast1) {
+                return false;
+            }
         }
     }
-
-    return _UFirst2 == _ULast2;
 }
 
 _EXPORT_STD template <class _InIt1, class _InIt2>