diff --git a/barcodeinterpret b/barcodeinterpret
index ede05354..6bb4be59 100755
--- a/barcodeinterpret
+++ b/barcodeinterpret
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # interpret Interleaved 2/5 barcode 58 byte barcode values used by the ProBell tape management system
 
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 cleanup(){
     _log -a "Process aborted"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ if test $# != 1 ; then
     echo "You must supply one argument, a scanned interleaved 2/5 barcode value"; exit
 fi
 
-barcode="$1"
+barcode="${1}"
 
 translatebyte()
 {
diff --git a/blackatends b/blackatends
index 59e27ad4..ef34de18 100755
--- a/blackatends
+++ b/blackatends
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # blackatends
 # Accepts one or many video files as an input and determines how many frames of black are at the beginning and at the end
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 version=1.0
 
 cleanup(){
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ trap cleanup SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename "$0") ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This program will report on the number of black frames at the beginning and end of a video file."
     echo
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) file1 [ file2 ... ]"
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ while getopts ":h" opt; do
 done
 shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
-while [ "$*" != "" ] ; do
+while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     _log -b
-    [ "$#" != 0 ] && sourcefile="$1"
+    [ "$#" != 0 ] && sourcefile="${1}"
     black_at_ends "$sourcefile"
     _log -e
     shift
diff --git a/checksum2filemaker b/checksum2filemaker
index 67fe7569..f9a0e56f 100755
--- a/checksum2filemaker
+++ b/checksum2filemaker
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SCRIPTDIR=$(dirname "${0}")
 [ -z "${FILEMAKER_XML_URL}" ] && { echo "The filemaker xml path must be set. Run mmconfig to set FILEMAKER_XML_URL." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     if [[ ! -f "${input}/metadata/checksum.md5" ]] ; then
         report -dt "${input} does not have a checksum.md5 file, skipping for $(basename "$input")"
         shift
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
         fi
     done
     IFS=$OLDIFS
-    echo "Done uploading metadata for $(basename "$1")."
+    echo "Done uploading metadata for $(basename "${1}")."
     shift
 done
diff --git a/checksumpackage b/checksumpackage
index da7b43b1..9fd82d3d 100755
--- a/checksumpackage
+++ b/checksumpackage
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG="checksumchecks.log"
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will create a checksum from a directory or package input with the following options. Actions and results will be logged to ${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
-    echo "Usage: $(basename ${0}) directoryorpackage1 [ directoryorpackage2 ...]"
+    echo "Usage: $(basename "${0}") directoryorpackage1 [ directoryorpackage2 ...]"
     echo "  -c ( check filenames and filesizes in objects directory are the same as in existing checksum files, if none exists it will make the initial ones )"
     echo "  -u ( valid only if -c is used. If the check is unsuccessful then make new checksums and version the previous ones. )"
     echo "  -v ( fully verify checksum files against checksum files, if none exists it will make the initial ones. Note verification will version existing checksums and make new ones and log the difference to ${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG})"
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ _check_dfxml(){
     if [[ $(diff "${DFXML_FILELIST}" "${NEW_FILELIST}") ]] ; then
         report -wt "filepaths and sizes are different for ${1}"
         diff "${DFXML_FILELIST}" "${NEW_FILELIST}"
-        echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename ${0}):${version}: failed to verify by filepath and size" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
+        echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename "${0}"):${version}: failed to verify by filepath and size" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
         rm "${DFXML_FILELIST}" "${NEW_FILELIST}"
         checkerr=0
     else
         report -dt "filepaths and sizes are still valid for ${1}"
-        echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename ${0}):${version}: verified by filepath and size" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
+        echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename "${0}"):${version}: verified by filepath and size" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
         rm "${DFXML_FILELIST}" "${NEW_FILELIST}"
         checkerr=1
     fi
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ _version_dfxml(){
     LASTDFXML="${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${DFXMLNAME%.*}_$(stat -t '%Y%m%d-%H%M%S' -l "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${DFXMLNAME}" | awk '{print $6}').xml"
     mv -v "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMNAME}" "${LASTMD5}"
     mv -v "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${DFXMLNAME}" "${LASTDFXML}"
-    echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename ${0}):${version}: checksums are versioned - ${DFXMLNAME} -> ${LASTDFXML}" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
-    echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename ${0}):${version}: checksums are versioned - ${CHECKSUMNAME} -> ${LASTMD5}" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
+    echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename "${0}"):${version}: checksums are versioned - ${DFXMLNAME} -> ${LASTDFXML}" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
+    echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename "${0}"):${version}: checksums are versioned - ${CHECKSUMNAME} -> ${LASTMD5}" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
 }
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
@@ -155,14 +155,14 @@ while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
         DFXMLTMP=$(maketemp)
         md5deep -drl . > $DFXMLTMP
         [ ! -d "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}" ] && mkdir -p "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}"
-        echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename ${0}):${version}: ${DFXMLNAME} is generated" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
+        echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename "${0}"):${version}: ${DFXMLNAME} is generated" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
         mv "${DFXMLTMP}" "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${DFXMLNAME}"
         if [ ! -z "$(xml sel -T -t -m "/_:dfxml/_:fileobject" -v "_:filename" -o " " -v "_:filesize" -n "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${DFXMLNAME}" 2>/dev/null)" ] ; then
             xml sel -T -t -m "/_:dfxml/_:fileobject" -v "_:hashdigest" -o "  " -v "_:filename" -n "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${DFXMLNAME}" > "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMNAME}"
         else
             xml sel -T -t -m "/dfxml/fileobject" -v "hashdigest" -o "  " -v "filename" -n "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${DFXMLNAME}" > "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMNAME}"
         fi
-        echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename ${0}):${version}: ${CHECKSUMNAME} is generated" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
+        echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename "${0}"):${version}: ${CHECKSUMNAME} is generated" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
         cd "${PWD}"
         if [ "${verify}" = "Y" ] ; then
             CHECKSUMCMP1=$(maketemp)
@@ -172,10 +172,10 @@ while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
             if [[ $(diff "${CHECKSUMCMP1}" "${CHECKSUMCMP2}") ]] ; then
                 report -wt "checksums are different for ${PACKAGE}"
                 diff "${CHECKSUMCMP1}" "${CHECKSUMCMP2}"
-                echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename ${0}):${version}: FAILED to VERIFY by checksums - compare ${CHECKSUMNAME} and $(basename "${LASTMD5}")" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
+                echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename "${0}"):${version}: FAILED to VERIFY by checksums - compare ${CHECKSUMNAME} and $(basename "${LASTMD5}")" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
             else
                 report -dt "checksums are still valid for ${PACKAGE}"
-                echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename ${0}):${version}: verified by checksums" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
+                echo "$(get_iso8601): $(basename "${0}"):${version}: verified by checksums" >> "${PACKAGE}/${OUTDIR}/${CHECKSUMPROCESSLOG}"
             fi
             rm "${CHECKSUMCMP1}" "${CHECKSUMCMP2}"
         fi
diff --git a/finishpackage b/finishpackage
index ca80d8bb..ea07223f 100755
--- a/finishpackage
+++ b/finishpackage
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     makelossless "${input}" && makebroadcast "${input}" && makeyoutube "${input}" && makemetadata "${input}" && checksumpackage "${input}"
     shift
 done
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ingestfile b/ingestfile
index 03163da9..4557a314 100755
--- a/ingestfile
+++ b/ingestfile
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This script will run an interactive interview and then process an input file accordingly."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [ -options ]"
@@ -241,27 +241,27 @@ if [ "${makeaccesscopies}" == "Y" ] ; then
     unset makepodcastopts
     report -dt "STATUS Making access copies."
     # makemp3
-    "$scriptdir/makemp3" "${OUTDIR_INGESTFILE}/${mediaid}"
+    "${scriptdir}/makemp3" "${OUTDIR_INGESTFILE}/${mediaid}"
     # makeframes
     [ "$deliveraccesscopies" = "Y" ] && makeframesopts=(-d "$YOUTUBEDELIVER")
-    "$scriptdir/makeframes" "${makeframesopts[@]}" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
+    "${scriptdir}/makeframes" "${makeframesopts[@]}" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
     # makeyoutube
     [ "$deliveraccesscopies" = "Y" ] && makeyoutubeopts=(-d "$YOUTUBEDELIVER")
-    "$scriptdir/makeyoutube" "${makeyoutubeopts[@]}" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
+    "${scriptdir}/makeyoutube" "${makeyoutubeopts[@]}" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
     # makepodcast
     if [ $(echo "$mediaid" | grep -E "${REGEX4PODCAST}") ] ; then
         report -dt "${mediaid} qualifies for podcast creation."
         [ "$deliveraccesscopies" == "Y" ] && makepodcastopts=(-d "$PODCASTDELIVER")
-        "$scriptdir/makepodcast" "${makepodcastopts[@]}" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
+        "${scriptdir}/makepodcast" "${makepodcastopts[@]}" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
     else
         report -dt "${mediaid} does NOT qualify for podcast creation, skipping."
     fi
     # makedvd
-    "$scriptdir/makedvd" "${OUTDIR_INGESTFILE}/${mediaid}"
+    "${scriptdir}/makedvd" "${OUTDIR_INGESTFILE}/${mediaid}"
     # makemetadata
-    "$scriptdir/makemetadata" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
+    "${scriptdir}/makemetadata" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
     if [ "$dochecksums" = "Y" ] ; then
-        "$scriptdir/checksumpackage" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
+        "${scriptdir}/checksumpackage" "$OUTDIR_INGESTFILE/$mediaid"
     fi
 fi
 _writeingestlog "datetime_end" "$(get_iso8601)"
diff --git a/makebroadcast b/makebroadcast
index 7e0f3547..d53db3d5 100755
--- a/makebroadcast
+++ b/makebroadcast
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@
 # v 1.2 revert to mov and ffmbc
 # v 1.3 revert back to ffmpeg
 version="1.3"
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 dependencies=(ffmpeg ffprobe)
 _initialize_make
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will create a file suitable for broadcast or editing from a video file or package input with the following options."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
-    echo "Usage: $(basename ${0}) [ -l ] [ -r ] [ -c ] fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
+    echo "Usage: $(basename "${0}") [ -l ] [ -r ] [ -c ] fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
     echo "  -F (apply a formula, override default settings)"
     echo "  -l (only use the left channel of the first audio track)"
     echo "  -r (only use the right channel of the first audio track)"
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     # get context about the input
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     if [ -z "${outputdir_forced}" ] ; then
         [ -d "${input}" ] && { outputdir="${input}/objects/service" && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
         [ -f "${input}" ] && { outputdir=$(dirname "${input}")"/service" && logdir="$(dirname "${input}")/service/logs" ;};
diff --git a/makedvd b/makedvd
index 7890d164..d063bdfd 100755
--- a/makedvd
+++ b/makedvd
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # makedvd
 version="1.0"
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 dependencies=(ffmpeg dvdauthor mkisofs)
 _initialize_make
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will create a DVD .iso file from a video file or package input with the following options."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [ -v dvd_label_prefix ] fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     # get context about the input
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     if [ -z "${outputdir_forced}" ] ; then
         [ -d "${input}" ] && { outputdir="${input}/objects/access/dvd" && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
         [ -f "${input}" ] && { outputdir=$(dirname "${input}")"/access/dvd" && logdir="$(dirname "${input}")/access/logs" ;};
diff --git a/makeframes b/makeframes
index 2cc5aae1..cf1565e1 100755
--- a/makeframes
+++ b/makeframes
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # makeframes
 version="1.0"
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 dependencies=(ffmpeg)
 _initialize_make
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ IMAGECOUNT=10
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will create a series of still images from a video file or package input with the following options."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [ -d /path/to/deliver/to/ ] fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ while getopts ":d:e:E:nh" opt ; do
 done
 shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
-while [ "$*" != "" ] ; do
-    input="$1"
+while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
+    input="${1}"
     [ -d "$input" ] && { outputdir="$input/objects/access/images" && logdir="$input/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
     [ -f "$input" ] && { outputdir=$(dirname "$input")"/access/images" && logdir="$(dirname "$input")/access/logs" ;};
     [ ! "$outputdir" ] && { outputdir="$input/objects/access/images" && logdir="$input/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
     _find_input "$input"
 
-    mediaid=$(basename "$1" | cut -d. -f1)
+    mediaid=$(basename "${1}" | cut -d. -f1)
 
     # clear local arrays
     unset inputoptions
diff --git a/makelossless b/makelossless
index 8a55f98c..9e73c5cb 100755
--- a/makelossless
+++ b/makelossless
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # makelossless
 version="1.0"
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 dependencies=(ffmpeg mediainfo)
 _initialize_make
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will losslessly transcode a video file or package input with the following options."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     # get context about the input
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     [ -d "${input}" ] && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs"
     [ -f "${input}" ] && logdir="$(dirname "${input}")/lossless/logs"
     [ ! "${logdir}" ] && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs"
diff --git a/makemetadata b/makemetadata
index e87b35f0..b4e8948c 100755
--- a/makemetadata
+++ b/makemetadata
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ _initialize_make
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "Produces a set of metadata reports for an archival information package on all files in the objects subdirectory."
-    echo "Usage: $(basename ${0}) [ -h ] package1 [ package2 ... ]"
+    echo "Usage: $(basename "${0}") [ -h ] package1 [ package2 ... ]"
     echo "  -h (show usage)"
     exit
 }
diff --git a/makemp3 b/makemp3
index a2c866ca..26291b4e 100755
--- a/makemp3
+++ b/makemp3
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ while getopts ":ho:" opt; do
 done
 shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
-while [ "$*" != "" ] ; do
-    input="$1"
+while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
+    input="${1}"
     if [ -z "${outputdir}" ] ; then
         [ -d "${input}" ] && { outputdir="${input}/objects/access/mp3" && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
         [ -f "${input}" ] && { outputdir=$(dirname "${input}")"/access/mp3" && logdir="$(dirname "${input}")/access/logs" ;};
diff --git a/makepdf b/makepdf
index 1c5f0afe..f4763806 100755
--- a/makepdf
+++ b/makepdf
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # makepdf, makes a pdf from an image series
 version="1.0"
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 dependencies=(ffmpeg convert pdfjoin tesseract)
 _initialize_make
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ check_tif_name(){
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will create a small pdf file (suitable for sharing online) from a collection of image file or package input with the following options."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [ -d /path/to/deliver/to/ ] fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     # get context about the input
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     if [ -z "${outputdir_forced}" ] ; then
         [ -d "${input}" ] && { outputdir="${input}/objects/access/pdf_1" && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
         [ -f "${input}" ] && { outputdir=$(dirname "${input}")"/access/pdf_1" && logdir="$(dirname "${input}")/access/logs" ;};
diff --git a/makepodcast b/makepodcast
index 920a4f5f..8de69b0d 100755
--- a/makepodcast
+++ b/makepodcast
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # makepodcast, makes a file appropriate for podcasting
 version="1.0"
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 dependencies=(ffmpeg)
 _initialize_make
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will create a QuickTime file suitable for podcasting from a video file or package input with the following options."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [ -d /path/to/deliver/to/ ] fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     # get context about the input
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     if [ -z "${outputdir_forced}" ] ; then
         [ -d "${input}" ] && { outputdir="$input/objects/access/podcast" && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
         [ -f "${input}" ] && { outputdir=$(dirname "${input}")"/access/podcast" && logdir="$(dirname "${input}")/access/logs" ;};
diff --git a/makeprores b/makeprores
index b2ce3621..43c15134 100755
--- a/makeprores
+++ b/makeprores
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # makeprores, makes a file appropriate for keeping editors happy
 version="1.0"
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 dependencies=(ffmpeg)
 _initialize_make
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ outputdir="$HOME/Desktop/$(basename $0)" # default output directory, override wi
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will create a prores/quicktime file (suitable for editing) from a video file or package input with the following options. By default the output will be written to ${outputdir}. You can override this with the -o option."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [ -o /directory/to/write/to/ ] fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     # get context about the input
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     if [ -z "${outputdir_forced}" ] ; then
         [ -d "${input}" ] && { outputdir="${input}/objects/access/prores" && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
         [ -f "${input}" ] && { outputdir=$(dirname "${input}")"/access/prores" && logdir="$(dirname "${input}")/access/logs" ;};
diff --git a/makeyoutube b/makeyoutube
index f8375a88..1fc3d558 100755
--- a/makeyoutube
+++ b/makeyoutube
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # makeyoutube, makes a file appropriate for uploading to youtube
 version="1.0"
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 dependencies=(ffmpeg)
 _initialize_make
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will create a high quality h264 file (suitable for uploading to YouTube) from a video file or package input with the following options."
     echo "Dependencies: ${dependencies[@]}"
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [ -d /path/to/deliver/to/ ] fileorpackage1 [ fileorpackage2 ...]"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
 while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     # get context about the input
-    input="$1"
+    input="${1}"
     if [ -z "${outputdir_forced}" ] ; then
         [ -d "${input}" ] && { outputdir="${input}/objects/access/youtube_up" && logdir="${input}/metadata/submissionDocumentation/logs" ;};
         [ -f "${input}" ] && { outputdir=$(dirname "${input}")"/access/youtube_up" && logdir="$(dirname "${input}")/access/logs" ;};
diff --git a/mmconfig b/mmconfig
index 45f49c93..da6acb8a 100755
--- a/mmconfig
+++ b/mmconfig
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 # set up variables for microservices
 CONFIG="Y"
 CONFIG_VERSION="1.0"
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 # local variables
 REQUIRED_VARIABLES=("OUTDIR_INGESTFILE" "OUTDIR_INGESTXDCAM" "OUTDIR_PAPER" "AIP_STORAGE" "PODCASTDELIVER" "YOUTUBEDELIVER" "TMPDIR" "REGEX4PODCAST" "DVDLABELPREFIX" "OMNEONIP" "OMNEONPATH" "CUSTOM_LOG_DIR" "LTO_INDEX_DIR" "LOCAL_MM_DIR" "EMAIL_FROM" "MAKEYOUTUBE_DELIVERY_EMAIL_TO" "MAKEBROADCAST_DELIVERY_EMAIL_TO" "FILEMAKER_DB" "FILEMAKER_XML_URL")
 
 config_edit(){
-    [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ] && { report -w "The config_edit function requires two arguments. Error." ; exit ;};
+    [ -z "${1}" -o -z "$2" ] && { report -w "The config_edit function requires two arguments. Error." ; exit ;};
     sedtemp=$(maketemp)
     sed "s:^$1=[^ ]*:$1=$2:" "$CONFIG_FILE" > "$sedtemp"
     cp "$sedtemp" "$CONFIG_FILE"
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ test_config(){
 }
 
 add_key(){
-    key_to_add="$1"
+    key_to_add="${1}"
     grep -q "^$key_to_add=" "$CONFIG_FILE" ; grep_code="$?"
     if [[ ! "${grep_code}" -eq "0" ]] ; then
         report -td "Adding NEW variable $key_to_add to $CONFIG_FILE"
diff --git a/mmfunctions b/mmfunctions
index f6e97178..47d89a50 100755
--- a/mmfunctions
+++ b/mmfunctions
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ report(){
 
 _writeingestlog(){
     if [ "${ingestlog}" ] ; then
-        key="$1"
+        key="${1}"
         value="$2"
         # need to add yaml style escaping
         echo "$key: ${value}" >> "${ingestlog}"
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ _writeingestlog(){
 
 _readingestlog(){
     if [ -f "${ingestlog}" ] ; then
-        key="$1"
+        key="${1}"
         # need to add yaml style escaping
         grep "^${1}:" "${ingestlog}" | cut -d: -f2- | sed 's/ //g'
     else
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ check_emailaddress(){
 }
 
 _get_duration(){
-    ffduration=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_format -pretty 2> /dev/null | grep duration= | cut -d= -f2)
+    ffduration=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_format -pretty 2> /dev/null | grep duration= | cut -d= -f2)
 }
 
 email_delivery(){
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Enjoy!" | sendmail -f "${EMAIL_FROM}" -F "${emailto}" "${emailto}"
 
 _deliver_output(){
     # argument 1 if used should be the email to report delivery to
-    emailto="$1"
+    emailto="${1}"
     if [ "${deliverdir}" ] ; then
         echo DELIVERING OUTPUT ACTIVITED with "${deliverdir}"
         report -dt "Delivering ${output} to ${deliverdir}"
@@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ _find_input (){
     concatsource=""
     sourcefile=""
     isobject=""
-    [ -d "$1" ] && [ -d "$1/objects/service" ] && isobject="N" && sourcefile=$(find "$1/objects/service" -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type f \( -iname "*.mov" -o -iname "*.mxf" -o -iname "*.mp4" -o -iname "*.dv" -o -iname "*.mpeg" -o -iname "*.iso" \) ! -name ".*" | head -n 1)
-    [ -f "$1" ] && sourcefile="$1"
+    [ -d "${1}" ] && [ -d "$1/objects/service" ] && isobject="N" && sourcefile=$(find "$1/objects/service" -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type f \( -iname "*.mov" -o -iname "*.mxf" -o -iname "*.mp4" -o -iname "*.dv" -o -iname "*.mpeg" -o -iname "*.iso" \) ! -name ".*" | head -n 1)
+    [ -f "${1}" ] && sourcefile="${1}"
     [ ! "$sourcefile" ] && [ -d "$1/objects" ] && isobject="Y" && sourcefile=$(find "$1/objects" -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type f \( -iname "*.mov" -o -iname "*.mxf" -o -iname "*.mp4" -o -iname "*.dv" -o -iname "*.mpeg" -o -iname "*.iso" \) ! -name ".*" | head -n 1)
     [ ! "$sourcefile" ] && { report -wt "A valid source file isn't found." ; exit 1 ;};
     log+="sourcefile: ${sourcefile}\n"
@@ -422,51 +422,51 @@ _find_input (){
 }
 
 get_width(){
-    width=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep width= | cut -d = -f 2)
+    width=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep width= | cut -d = -f 2)
 }
 
 get_height(){
-    height=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep height= | cut -d = -f 2)
+    height=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep height= | cut -d = -f 2)
 }
 
 get_dar(){
-    dar=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep display_aspect_ratio= | cut -d = -f 2 | sed 's|:|/|g')
+    dar=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep display_aspect_ratio= | cut -d = -f 2 | sed 's|:|/|g')
     if [ "$dar" = "0/1" ] ; then
-        get_width "$1"
-        get_height "$1"
+        get_width "${1}"
+        get_height "${1}"
         dar="${width}/${height}"
     fi
 }
 
 get_sar(){
-    sar=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep sample_aspect_ratio= | cut -d = -f 2 | sed 's|:|/|g')
+    sar=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep sample_aspect_ratio= | cut -d = -f 2 | sed 's|:|/|g')
     if [ "$sar" = "0/1" ] ; then
         sar="1/1"
     fi
 }
 
 has_first_two_tracks_mono(){
-    [ $(ffprobe 2>/dev/null "$1" -show_streams | grep -c "codec_type=audio") -ge 2 ] && \
-    [ $(ffprobe 2>/dev/null "$1" -show_streams -select_streams a:0 | grep channels= | cut -d= -f2) = "1" ] && \
-    [ $(ffprobe 2>/dev/null "$1" -show_streams -select_streams a:1 | grep channels= | cut -d= -f2) = "1" ] && \
+    [ $(ffprobe 2>/dev/null "${1}" -show_streams | grep -c "codec_type=audio") -ge 2 ] && \
+    [ $(ffprobe 2>/dev/null "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams a:0 | grep channels= | cut -d= -f2) = "1" ] && \
+    [ $(ffprobe 2>/dev/null "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams a:1 | grep channels= | cut -d= -f2) = "1" ] && \
     MULTIMONO=true
 }
 
 get_audio_index(){
     # get ffmpeg's index value of the first audio stream. Useful for do custom channel mappings.
-    audio_index_1=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams a:0 2> /dev/null | grep index= | cut -d = -f 2)
-    audio_index_2=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams a:1 2> /dev/null | grep index= | cut -d = -f 2)
+    audio_index_1=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams a:0 2> /dev/null | grep index= | cut -d = -f 2)
+    audio_index_2=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams a:1 2> /dev/null | grep index= | cut -d = -f 2)
 }
 
 get_audio_channels(){
     # get ffmpeg's channel count of the first audio stream.
-    audio_channels=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams a 2> /dev/null | grep channels= | cut -d = -f 2 | head -n 1)
+    audio_channels=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams a 2> /dev/null | grep channels= | cut -d = -f 2 | head -n 1)
 }
 
 get_audio_mapping(){
-    get_audio_index "$1"
-    get_audio_channels "$1"
-    has_first_two_tracks_mono "$1"
+    get_audio_index "${1}"
+    get_audio_channels "${1}"
+    has_first_two_tracks_mono "${1}"
     if [[ "${MULTIMONO}" == true ]] ; then
         report -wt "The first two audio tracks are both mono. Considering track 1 for left and track 2 for right."
         audiomapping_ffmpeg=(-map_channel "0.${audio_index_1}.0" -map_channel "0.${audio_index_2}.0")
@@ -479,36 +479,36 @@ get_audio_mapping(){
 }
 
 get_codectagstring(){
-    codec_tag_string=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep codec_tag_string= | cut -d = -f 2)
+    codec_tag_string=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep codec_tag_string= | cut -d = -f 2)
     if [ "$codec_tag_string" = "FFV1" ] ; then
-        ffv1_version=$(ffmpeg -debug 1 -i "$1" -t 0.1 -f null - </dev/null 2>&1 | grep -o "ver:[0-9]*" | tail -n1 | cut -d: -f2)
+        ffv1_version=$(ffmpeg -debug 1 -i "${1}" -t 0.1 -f null - </dev/null 2>&1 | grep -o "ver:[0-9]*" | tail -n1 | cut -d: -f2)
     else
         ffv1_version=""
     fi
 }
 
 get_fieldorder(){
-    fieldorder=$(ffprobe-bc "$1" -show_streams 2> /dev/null | grep "\(progressive\|interlaced=\)" | cut -d = -f 2)
+    fieldorder=$(ffprobe-bc "${1}" -show_streams 2> /dev/null | grep "\(progressive\|interlaced=\)" | cut -d = -f 2)
 }
 
 get_pix_fmt(){
-    pixfmt=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep pix_fmt= | cut -d = -f 2)
+    pixfmt=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep pix_fmt= | cut -d = -f 2)
 }
 
 get_duration(){
-    DURATION=$(ffprobe "$1" -show_format 2> /dev/null | grep duration= | cut -d = -f 2)
+    DURATION=$(ffprobe "${1}" -show_format 2> /dev/null | grep duration= | cut -d = -f 2)
 }
 
 get_videostreamcount(){
-    VIDEOSTREAMCOUNT=$(ffprobe "$1" -select_streams v -show_entries stream=index -of flat 2>/dev/null | awk 'END { print NR }')
+    VIDEOSTREAMCOUNT=$(ffprobe "${1}" -select_streams v -show_entries stream=index -of flat 2>/dev/null | awk 'END { print NR }')
 }
 
 get_audiostreamcount(){
-    AUDIOSTREAMCOUNT=$(ffprobe "$1" -select_streams a -show_entries stream=index -of flat 2>/dev/null | awk 'END { print NR }')
+    AUDIOSTREAMCOUNT=$(ffprobe "${1}" -select_streams a -show_entries stream=index -of flat 2>/dev/null | awk 'END { print NR }')
 }
 
 _get_timecode(){
-    TIMECODE=$(ffprobe "$1" -select_streams v -show_streams -of flat 2>/dev/null | grep timecode=\"[0-9] | cut -d = -f 2 | sed 's/"//g')
+    TIMECODE=$(ffprobe "${1}" -select_streams v -show_streams -of flat 2>/dev/null | grep timecode=\"[0-9] | cut -d = -f 2 | sed 's/"//g')
 }
 
 _get_timecode_overlay(){
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ _get_timecode_overlay(){
 }
 
 get_maxdvdbitrate(){
-    get_duration "$1"
+    get_duration "${1}"
     local DVDCAPACITY=33840000000  # in bits, minus 10%
     local CAPDVDBITRATE=6000000    # in bits/second
     MAXDVDBITRATE=$(echo "($DVDCAPACITY - ( $DURATION * 224000 )) / $DURATION" | bc)
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ get_maxdvdbitrate(){
 
 is_video(){
     # use ffmpeg's index value and stream specifier to determine if the input is a recognized as a video file by ffmpeg
-    ffprobe "$1" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep "index="
+    ffprobe "${1}" -show_streams -select_streams v:0 2> /dev/null | grep "index="
 }
 
 get_volume_adjustment(){
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ get_volume_adjustment(){
     voldet_mean_volume=""
     voldet_max_volume=""
     VOLADJ=""
-    input_movie="$1"
+    input_movie="${1}"
     report -dt "Getting volume data for $(basename "${input_movie}") ..."
     VOLDETTEMP=$(maketemp)
     volume_data=$(ffprobe -of compact=p=0:nk=1:s=',' -show_entries frame_tags=lavfi.r128.I,lavfi.r128.LRA -f lavfi "amovie='${input_movie}',ebur128=metadata=1,volumedetect" 2>"${VOLDETTEMP}")
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ get_volume_adjustment(){
 }
 
 get_cropdetection(){
-    input_movie="$1"
+    input_movie="${1}"
     report -dt "Getting cropping data for $(basename "$input_movie") ..."
     crop_data=$(ffmpeg -i "${input_movie}" -an -vf cropdetect -f null - 2>&1 | grep -o "crop=[0-9:]*")
     crop_err="$?"
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ get_cropdetection(){
 
 free_space(){
     #this should give the free space in gigabytes
-    local space="$1"  #This value represents the space in gigabytes required for the script to run
+    local space="${1}"  #This value represents the space in gigabytes required for the script to run
     local outputdir="$2"
     [ ! -d "$outputdir" ] && { report -wt "The output directory [$outputdir] that free-space function is seeking does not exist." ; exit 1 ;};
     [[ ! $space =~ ^-?[0-9]+$ ]] && { report -wt "Number is not an integer." ; exit 1 ;};
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ _summarize_make(){
 _prep_ffmpeg_log(){
     if [ "${logdir}" != "" ] ; then
         _mkdir2 "${logdir}"
-        export FFREPORT="file=${logdir}/%p_%t_$(basename "$0")_${version}.txt"
+        export FFREPORT="file=${logdir}/%p_%t_$(basename "${0}")_${version}.txt"
         inputoptions+=(-v info)
         inputoptions+=(-hide_banner)
         inputoptions+=(-stats)
diff --git a/mmupdate b/mmupdate
index 5922c009..7076b968 100755
--- a/mmupdate
+++ b/mmupdate
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 # mmupdate
 # This script is only intended for use with computers that are not connceted to the internet to access github but need to efficiently install updates of mediamicroservices. A local path is setup via mmconfig and running 'mmupdate' will copy relavent files from that declared directory, $LOCAL_MM_DIR, to /usr/local/bin.
 
-scriptdir=`dirname "$0"`
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=`dirname "${0}"`
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 [ -z "${LOCAL_MM_DIR}" ] && { echo "A local directory of mediamicoservice must be declared. Run mmconfig to set LOCAL_MM_DIR." ; exit 1 ;};
 [ ! -d "${LOCAL_MM_DIR}" ] && { echo "mmupdate is configured to use $LOCAL_MM_DIR, which is not available. Run mmconfig to set LOCAL_MM_DIR." ; exit 1 ;};
diff --git a/paperingest b/paperingest
index b8f97c19..86068331 100755
--- a/paperingest
+++ b/paperingest
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 requireconfig="Y"
 
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 cleanup(){
     _log -a "Process aborted"
diff --git a/quickcompare b/quickcompare
index 03f375e5..75f6c5a1 100755
--- a/quickcompare
+++ b/quickcompare
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 checksize=512000
 # quick file compare, not completely authoritative but decent in a short amount of time
 
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 cleanup(){
     _log -a "Process aborted"
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ trap cleanup SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM
 _log -b
 
 [ ! "$#" = "2" ] && { echo Use two possibly similar files are arguments. ; exit 1 ;};
-#[ ! $(du "$1" | cut -f1) = $(du "$2" | cut -f1) ] && echo The files are different sizes
-[ ! $(head -c "$checksize" "$1" | md5) = $(head -c "$checksize" "$2" | md5) ] && echo The first "$checksize" bytes have different md5s.
-[ ! $(tail -c "$checksize" "$1" | md5) = $(tail -c "$checksize" "$2" | md5) ] && echo The last "$checksize" bytes have different md5s.
+#[ ! $(du "${1}" | cut -f1) = $(du "$2" | cut -f1) ] && echo The files are different sizes
+[ ! $(head -c "$checksize" "${1}" | md5) = $(head -c "$checksize" "$2" | md5) ] && echo The first "$checksize" bytes have different md5s.
+[ ! $(tail -c "$checksize" "${1}" | md5) = $(tail -c "$checksize" "$2" | md5) ] && echo The last "$checksize" bytes have different md5s.
 
 _log -e
diff --git a/removeDSStore b/removeDSStore
index 5251829f..aa014269 100755
--- a/removeDSStore
+++ b/removeDSStore
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # @author Dave Rice
 
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 cleanup(){
     _log -a "Process aborted"
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cleanup(){
 trap cleanup SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM
 _log -b
 
-while [ "$*" != "" ] ; do
+while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
     target=$1
     if [ -d "$target" ]; then
         find "$target" -name '.DS_Store' -type f -delete
diff --git a/restructureForCompliance b/restructureForCompliance
index 011fcffe..638f25eb 100755
--- a/restructureForCompliance
+++ b/restructureForCompliance
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 # @author Joseph Perry <joseph@artefactual.com>
 # @version svn: $Id: 9e1ecac84215aaafd740d15eb0cbdc4c17b7fa1e $
 
-scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "$0"))
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname $(which "${0}"))
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 target="${1}"
 
diff --git a/uploadomneon b/uploadomneon
index 1592bbb1..63fad9a7 100755
--- a/uploadomneon
+++ b/uploadomneon
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ requireconfig="Y"
 
 version="1.0"
 
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This application will upload file(s) to a server via rsync in sequential order. Options are specified via 'mmconfig'."
     echo
     echo "Settings:"
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ cleanup(){
 }
 
 get_ftp_status(){
-local filename="$1"
+local filename="${1}"
 status=$(ftp -a "$OMNEONIP" <<END_SCRIPT
 binary
 ls "${OMNEONPATH}/${filename}"
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 [ ! -n "$OMNEONIP" ] && { report -wt "The Omneon IP must be set. Run 'mmconfig'." ; exit 1 ;};
 [ ! -n "$OMNEONPATH" ] && { report -wt "The Omneon Path must be set. Run 'mmconfig'." ; exit 1 ;};
 
-while [ "$*" != "" ] ; do
+while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
 
-sourcefile="$1"
+sourcefile="${1}"
 extension=$(echo "$sourcefile" |awk -F . '{print $NF}')
 if [ "$extension" == "mov" -o "$extension" == "mxf" ] ; then
 
diff --git a/verifypackage b/verifypackage
index b9f1c198..699b0a48 100755
--- a/verifypackage
+++ b/verifypackage
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ version="1.0"
 unset dependencies
 dependencies=(ffmpeg mediainfo)
 
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 usage(){
     echo
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ while getopts ":ho:n" opt; do
 done
 shift $(( ${OPTIND} - 1 ))
 
-while [ "$*" != "" ] ; do
-    package="$1"
+while [ "${*}" != "" ] ; do
+    package="${1}"
     find_input "$input"
-    mediaid=$(basename "$1" | cut -d. -f1)
+    mediaid=$(basename "${1}" | cut -d. -f1)
 
     log -b
 
diff --git a/xdcamingest b/xdcamingest
index f6a0d063..157f7dde 100755
--- a/xdcamingest
+++ b/xdcamingest
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 # ingest an xdcam disc, make a package, and deliver select files
 requireconfig="Y"
 
-scriptdir=$(dirname "$0")
-. "$scriptdir/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '$scriptdir/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
+scriptdir=$(dirname "${0}")
+. "${scriptdir}/mmfunctions" || { echo "Missing '${scriptdir}/mmfunctions'. Exiting." ; exit 1 ;};
 
 cleanup(){
     _log -a "Process aborted"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ _log -b
 
 usage(){
     echo
-    echo "$(basename ${0}) ${version}"
+    echo "$(basename "${0}") ${version}"
     echo "This script may be run interactively by running it with no arguments or may be used with the following options."
     echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [ -c output_directory_for_xdcam ]"
     echo "  -c output_directory_for_xdcam (else will default to $CONFIG_FILE)"