diff --git a/changelog.d/9735.feature b/changelog.d/9735.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c2c74f13d578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9735.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add experimental support for [MSC3083](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/3083): restricting room access via group membership.
diff --git a/scripts-dev/complement.sh b/scripts-dev/complement.sh
index 31cc20a826b9..b77187472ffe 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/complement.sh
+++ b/scripts-dev/complement.sh
@@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ if [[ -n "$1" ]]; then
 fi
 
 # Run the tests!
-COMPLEMENT_BASE_IMAGE=complement-synapse go test -v -tags synapse_blacklist -count=1 $EXTRA_COMPLEMENT_ARGS ./tests
+COMPLEMENT_BASE_IMAGE=complement-synapse go test -v -tags synapse_blacklist,msc3083 -count=1 $EXTRA_COMPLEMENT_ARGS ./tests
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 1cf12f3255bc..894ef859f4d4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 from synapse import types
-from synapse.api.constants import AccountDataTypes, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import AccountDataTypes, EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     AuthError,
     Codes,
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
     SynapseError,
 )
 from synapse.api.ratelimiting import Ratelimiter
+from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersion
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.types import JsonDict, Requester, RoomAlias, RoomID, StateMap, UserID
@@ -178,6 +179,62 @@ async def ratelimit_invite(
 
         await self._invites_per_user_limiter.ratelimit(requester, invitee_user_id)
 
+    async def _can_join_without_invite(
+        self, state_ids: StateMap[str], room_version: RoomVersion, user_id: str
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check whether a user can join a room without an invite.
+
+        When joining a room with restricted joined rules (as defined in MSC3083),
+        the membership of spaces must be checked during join.
+
+        Args:
+            state_ids: The state of the room as it currently is.
+            room_version: The room version of the room being joined.
+            user_id: The user joining the room.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the user can join the room, false otherwise.
+        """
+        # This only applies to room versions which support the new join rule.
+        if not room_version.msc3083_join_rules:
+            return True
+
+        # If there's no join rule, then it defaults to public (so this doesn't apply).
+        join_rules_event_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""), None)
+        if not join_rules_event_id:
+            return True
+
+        # If the join rule is not restricted, this doesn't apply.
+        join_rules_event = await self.store.get_event(join_rules_event_id)
+        if join_rules_event.content.get("join_rule") != JoinRules.MSC3083_RESTRICTED:
+            return True
+
+        # If allowed is of the wrong form, then only allow invited users.
+        allowed_spaces = join_rules_event.content.get("allow", [])
+        if not isinstance(allowed_spaces, list):
+            return False
+
+        # Get the list of joined rooms and see if there's an overlap.
+        joined_rooms = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
+
+        # Pull out the other room IDs, invalid data gets filtered.
+        for space in allowed_spaces:
+            if not isinstance(space, dict):
+                continue
+
+            space_id = space.get("space")
+            if not isinstance(space_id, str):
+                continue
+
+            # The user was joined to one of the spaces specified, they can join
+            # this room!
+            if space_id in joined_rooms:
+                return True
+
+        # The user was not in any of the required spaces.
+        return False
+
     async def _local_membership_update(
         self,
         requester: Requester,
@@ -235,9 +292,25 @@ async def _local_membership_update(
 
         if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
             newly_joined = True
+            user_is_invited = False
             if prev_member_event_id:
                 prev_member_event = await self.store.get_event(prev_member_event_id)
                 newly_joined = prev_member_event.membership != Membership.JOIN
+                user_is_invited = prev_member_event.membership == Membership.INVITE
+
+            # If the member is not already in the room and is not accepting an invite,
+            # check if they should be allowed access via membership in a space.
+            if (
+                newly_joined
+                and not user_is_invited
+                and not await self._can_join_without_invite(
+                    prev_state_ids, event.room_version, user_id
+                )
+            ):
+                raise AuthError(
+                    403,
+                    "You do not belong to any of the required spaces to join this room.",
+                )
 
             # Only rate-limit if the user actually joined the room, otherwise we'll end
             # up blocking profile updates.