diff --git a/internal/docker/deployer.go b/internal/docker/deployer.go
index 11e02799..18f03129 100644
--- a/internal/docker/deployer.go
+++ b/internal/docker/deployer.go
@@ -250,33 +250,65 @@ func (d *Deployer) executePostScript(hsDep *HomeserverDeployment, testName strin
 	return cmd.CombinedOutput()
 }
 
-// Restart a homeserver deployment.
-func (d *Deployer) Restart(hsDep *HomeserverDeployment, cfg *config.Complement) error {
+func (d *Deployer) PauseServer(hsDep *HomeserverDeployment) error {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err := d.Docker.ContainerPause(ctx, hsDep.ContainerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to pause container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *Deployer) UnpauseServer(hsDep *HomeserverDeployment) error {
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	secs := int(cfg.SpawnHSTimeout.Seconds())
+	err := d.Docker.ContainerUnpause(ctx, hsDep.ContainerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to unpause container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *Deployer) StopServer(hsDep *HomeserverDeployment) error {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	secs := int(d.config.SpawnHSTimeout.Seconds())
 	err := d.Docker.ContainerStop(ctx, hsDep.ContainerID, container.StopOptions{
 		Timeout: &secs,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Restart: Failed to stop container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stop container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
 	}
+	return nil
+}
 
-	err = d.Docker.ContainerStart(ctx, hsDep.ContainerID, types.ContainerStartOptions{})
+// Restart a homeserver deployment.
+func (d *Deployer) Restart(hsDep *HomeserverDeployment) error {
+	if err := d.StopServer(hsDep); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Restart: %s", err)
+	}
+	if err := d.StartServer(hsDep); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Restart: %s", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *Deployer) StartServer(hsDep *HomeserverDeployment) error {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err := d.Docker.ContainerStart(ctx, hsDep.ContainerID, types.ContainerStartOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Restart: Failed to start container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
 	}
 
 	// Wait for the container to be ready.
 	baseURL, fedBaseURL, err := waitForPorts(ctx, d.Docker, hsDep.ContainerID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Restart: Failed to get ports for container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get ports for container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
 	}
 	hsDep.SetEndpoints(baseURL, fedBaseURL)
 
-	stopTime := time.Now().Add(cfg.SpawnHSTimeout)
+	stopTime := time.Now().Add(d.config.SpawnHSTimeout)
 	_, err = waitForContainer(ctx, d.Docker, hsDep, stopTime)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Restart: Failed to restart container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for container %s: %s", hsDep.ContainerID, err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/internal/docker/deployment.go b/internal/docker/deployment.go
index 0d5a9aa2..67047f3a 100644
--- a/internal/docker/deployment.go
+++ b/internal/docker/deployment.go
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func (d *Deployment) AppServiceUser(t *testing.T, hsName, appServiceUserID strin
 func (d *Deployment) Restart(t *testing.T) error {
 	t.Helper()
 	for _, hsDep := range d.HS {
-		err := d.Deployer.Restart(hsDep, d.Config)
+		err := d.Deployer.Restart(hsDep)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("Deployment.Restart: %s", err)
 			return err
@@ -238,3 +238,47 @@ func (d *Deployment) Restart(t *testing.T) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (d *Deployment) StartServer(t *testing.T, hsName string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	hsDep := d.HS[hsName]
+	if hsDep == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("StartServer: %s does not exist in this deployment", hsName)
+	}
+	if err := d.Deployer.StartServer(hsDep); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("StartServer: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Deployment) StopServer(t *testing.T, hsName string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	hsDep := d.HS[hsName]
+	if hsDep == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("StopServer: %s does not exist in this deployment", hsName)
+	}
+	if err := d.Deployer.StopServer(hsDep); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("StopServer: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Deployment) PauseServer(t *testing.T, hsName string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	hsDep := d.HS[hsName]
+	if hsDep == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PauseServer: %s does not exist in this deployment", hsName)
+	}
+	if err := d.Deployer.PauseServer(hsDep); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PauseServer: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Deployment) UnpauseServer(t *testing.T, hsName string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	hsDep := d.HS[hsName]
+	if hsDep == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UnpauseServer: %s does not exist in this deployment", hsName)
+	}
+	if err := d.Deployer.UnpauseServer(hsDep); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UnpauseServer: %s", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/test_package.go b/test_package.go
index 2b661848..5c89d1f3 100644
--- a/test_package.go
+++ b/test_package.go
@@ -30,8 +30,29 @@ type Deployment interface {
 	// AppServiceUser returns a client for the given app service user ID. The HS in question must have an appservice
 	// hooked up to it already. TODO: REMOVE
 	AppServiceUser(t *testing.T, hsName, appServiceUserID string) *client.CSAPI
-	// Restart a deployment.
+	// Restart a deployment. Restarts all homeservers in this deployment.
+	// This function is designed to be used to make assertions that servers are persisting information to disk.
 	Restart(t *testing.T) error
+	// Stop the container running this HS. Fails the test if this is not possible.
+	// This function is designed to be used to make assertions when federated servers are unreachable.
+	// Do not use this function if you need the HS CSAPI URL to be stable, prefer PauseServer if you need this.
+	StopServer(t *testing.T, hsName string)
+	// Start the container running this HS. The HS must exist in this deployment already and it must be stopped already.
+	// Fails the test if this isn't true, or there was a problem.
+	// This function is designed to be used to start a server previously stopped via StopServer.
+	// Do not use this function if you need the HS CSAPI URL to be stable, prefer UnpauseServer if you need this.
+	StartServer(t *testing.T, hsName string)
+	// Pause a running homeserver. The HS will be suspended, preserving data in memory.
+	// Prefer this function over StopServer if you need to keep the port allocations stable across your test.
+	// This function is designed to be used to make assertions when federated servers are unreachable.
+	// Fails the test if there is a problem pausing.
+	// See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/pause/
+	PauseServer(t *testing.T, hsName string)
+	// Unpause a running homeserver. The HS will be suspended, preserving data in memory.
+	// Fails the test if there is a problem unpausing.
+	// This function is designed to be used to make assertions when federated servers are unreachable.
+	// see https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/unpause/
+	UnpauseServer(t *testing.T, hsName string)
 	// Destroy the entire deployment. Destroys all running containers. If `printServerLogs` is true,
 	// will print container logs before killing the container.
 	Destroy(t *testing.T)