diff --git a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel.swift b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0e1669787fa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#if os(iOS)
+import CMUXMobileCore
+import CmuxMobileShellModel
+
+struct TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel: Equatable {
+    let title: String
+    let message: String
+    let rows: [TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow]
+    let isLoading: Bool
+
+    init(
+        workspaceName: String,
+        terminalCount: Int,
+        macName: String?,
+        connectionStatus: MobileMacConnectionStatus,
+        tailnetStatus: TailnetStatus?,
+        activeRoute: CmxAttachRoute?,
+        storedRouteDescription: String?,
+        connectionError: String?,
+        connectionErrorGuidance: String?,
+        loadingTimedOut: Bool = false
+    ) {
+        self = TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelBuilder(
+            workspaceName: workspaceName,
+            terminalCount: terminalCount,
+            macName: macName,
+            connectionStatus: connectionStatus,
+            tailnetStatus: tailnetStatus,
+            activeRoute: activeRoute,
+            storedRouteDescription: storedRouteDescription,
+            connectionError: connectionError,
+            connectionErrorGuidance: connectionErrorGuidance,
+            loadingTimedOut: loadingTimedOut
+        ).makeModel()
+    }
+
+    init(title: String, message: String, rows: [TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow], isLoading: Bool) {
+        self.title = title
+        self.message = message
+        self.rows = rows
+        self.isLoading = isLoading
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelBuilder.swift b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelBuilder.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d23f01cb35cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelBuilder.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#if os(iOS)
+import CMUXMobileCore
+import CmuxMobileShellModel
+import CmuxMobileSupport
+import Foundation
+
+struct TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelBuilder {
+    let workspaceName: String
+    let terminalCount: Int
+    let macName: String?
+    let connectionStatus: MobileMacConnectionStatus
+    let tailnetStatus: TailnetStatus?
+    let activeRoute: CmxAttachRoute?
+    let storedRouteDescription: String?
+    let connectionError: String?
+    let connectionErrorGuidance: String?
+    let loadingTimedOut: Bool
+
+    func makeModel() -> TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel {
+        let resolvedMacName = nonEmpty(macName) ?? nonEmpty(workspaceName) ?? L10n.string(
+            "mobile.terminal.loading.macFallback",
+            defaultValue: "Mac"
+        )
+        var rows: [TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow] = [
+            TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow(
+                id: "mac",
+                label: L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.mac", defaultValue: "Mac"),
+                value: String.localizedStringWithFormat(
+                    L10n.string(
+                        "mobile.terminal.loading.macStatusFormat",
+                        defaultValue: "%@ · %@"
+                    ),
+                    resolvedMacName,
+                    connectionStatus.label
+                ),
+                tone: tone(for: connectionStatus)
+            ),
+            TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow(
+                id: "terminals",
+                label: L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.terminals", defaultValue: "Terminals"),
+                value: terminalStatusText(count: terminalCount),
+                tone: terminalCount > 0 ? .good : .pending
+            ),
+            TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow(
+                id: "tailscale",
+                label: L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale", defaultValue: "Tailscale"),
+                value: tailnetStatusText(tailnetStatus),
+                tone: tone(for: tailnetStatus)
+            ),
+            TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow(
+                id: "route",
+                label: L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.route", defaultValue: "Route"),
+                value: routeText(
+                    activeRoute: activeRoute,
+                    storedRouteDescription: storedRouteDescription
+                ),
+                tone: activeRoute == nil && nonEmpty(storedRouteDescription) == nil ? .warning : .neutral
+            ),
+        ]
+
+        if let detail = nonEmpty(connectionErrorGuidance) ?? nonEmpty(connectionError) {
+            rows.append(TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow(
+                id: "network",
+                label: L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.network", defaultValue: "Network"),
+                value: detail,
+                tone: .warning
+            ))
+        }
+
+        let text = headerText(resolvedMacName: resolvedMacName)
+        return TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel(
+            title: text.title,
+            message: text.message,
+            rows: rows,
+            isLoading: connectionStatus == .connected && !loadingTimedOut
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func nonEmpty(_ value: String?) -> String? {
+        let trimmed = value?.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
+        return trimmed?.isEmpty == false ? trimmed : nil
+    }
+
+    private func terminalStatusText(count: Int) -> String {
+        guard count > 0 else {
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.terminalsWaiting", defaultValue: "No terminal list yet")
+        }
+        return L10n.terminalCount(count)
+    }
+
+    private func headerText(resolvedMacName: String) -> (title: String, message: String) {
+        if connectionStatus == .connected && terminalCount == 0 && loadingTimedOut {
+            return (
+                L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.emptyTitle", defaultValue: "No terminals yet"),
+                String.localizedStringWithFormat(
+                    L10n.string(
+                        "mobile.terminal.loading.emptyMessageFormat",
+                        defaultValue: "%@ is connected. Create a terminal, or tap Refresh to check again."
+                    ),
+                    resolvedMacName
+                )
+            )
+        }
+        return (
+            L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.title", defaultValue: "Loading terminals"),
+            String.localizedStringWithFormat(
+                L10n.string(
+                    "mobile.terminal.loading.messageFormat",
+                    defaultValue: "Waiting for %@ to send terminal metadata for this workspace."
+                ),
+                resolvedMacName
+            )
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func tailnetStatusText(_ status: TailnetStatus?) -> String {
+        switch status {
+        case .active:
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.active", defaultValue: "Active")
+        case .inactiveOrNotInstalled:
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.inactive", defaultValue: "Off or not installed")
+        case .unknown:
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.unknown", defaultValue: "Unknown")
+        case nil:
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.notChecked", defaultValue: "Not checked")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func routeText(activeRoute: CmxAttachRoute?, storedRouteDescription: String?) -> String {
+        if let activeRoute {
+            return String.localizedStringWithFormat(
+                L10n.string(
+                    "mobile.terminal.loading.routeActiveFormat",
+                    defaultValue: "%@ · %@"
+                ),
+                routeKindText(activeRoute.kind),
+                endpointText(activeRoute.endpoint)
+            )
+        }
+        if let storedRouteDescription = nonEmpty(storedRouteDescription) {
+            return String.localizedStringWithFormat(
+                L10n.string(
+                    "mobile.terminal.loading.routeStoredFormat",
+                    defaultValue: "Saved route · %@"
+                ),
+                storedRouteDescription
+            )
+        }
+        return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.routeMissing", defaultValue: "No saved route")
+    }
+
+    private func routeKindText(_ kind: CmxAttachTransportKind) -> String {
+        switch kind {
+        case .tailscale:
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.route.tailscale", defaultValue: "Tailscale")
+        case .debugLoopback:
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.route.debugLoopback", defaultValue: "Debug loopback")
+        case .iroh:
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.route.iroh", defaultValue: "Iroh")
+        case .websocket:
+            return L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.route.websocket", defaultValue: "WebSocket")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func endpointText(_ endpoint: CmxAttachEndpoint) -> String {
+        switch endpoint {
+        case let .hostPort(host, port):
+            return "\(host):\(port)"
+        case let .peer(id, _, directAddrs, _):
+            return directAddrs.first ?? id
+        case let .url(url):
+            return url
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func tone(for status: MobileMacConnectionStatus) -> TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsTone {
+        switch status {
+        case .connected:
+            return .good
+        case .reconnecting:
+            return .pending
+        case .unavailable:
+            return .warning
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func tone(for status: TailnetStatus?) -> TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsTone {
+        switch status {
+        case .active:
+            return .good
+        case .inactiveOrNotInstalled:
+            return .warning
+        case .unknown, nil:
+            return .neutral
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsOverlay.swift b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsOverlay.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..36ade96fac79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsOverlay.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+#if os(iOS)
+import CMUXMobileCore
+import CmuxMobileShellModel
+import CmuxMobileSupport
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsOverlay: View {
+    let workspace: MobileWorkspacePreview
+    let host: String
+    let connectionStatus: MobileMacConnectionStatus
+    let tailnetStatus: TailnetStatus?
+    let activeRoute: CmxAttachRoute?
+    let storedRouteDescription: String?
+    let connectionError: String?
+    let connectionErrorGuidance: String?
+    let createTerminal: () -> Void
+    let refreshConnection: () -> Void
+    let canCreateTerminal: Bool
+
+    private static let terminalMetadataTimeout: Duration = .seconds(10)
+
+    @State private var terminalMetadataTimedOut = false
+    @State private var refreshGeneration = 0
+
+    private var model: TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel {
+        TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel(
+            workspaceName: workspace.name,
+            terminalCount: workspace.terminals.count,
+            macName: workspace.macDisplayName ?? host,
+            connectionStatus: workspace.macConnectionStatus ?? connectionStatus,
+            tailnetStatus: tailnetStatus,
+            activeRoute: activeRoute,
+            storedRouteDescription: storedRouteDescription,
+            connectionError: connectionError,
+            connectionErrorGuidance: connectionErrorGuidance,
+            loadingTimedOut: terminalMetadataTimedOut
+        )
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 16) {
+            if model.isLoading {
+                ProgressView()
+                    .controlSize(.large)
+                    .tint(.white)
+                    .accessibilityHidden(true)
+            } else {
+                Image(systemName: "terminal")
+                    .font(.system(size: 38, weight: .semibold))
+                    .foregroundStyle(.white.opacity(0.9))
+                    .accessibilityHidden(true)
+            }
+
+            VStack(spacing: 6) {
+                Text(model.title)
+                    .font(.headline)
+                    .foregroundStyle(.white)
+                Text(model.message)
+                    .font(.subheadline)
+                    .foregroundStyle(.white.opacity(0.72))
+                    .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+                    .fixedSize(horizontal: false, vertical: true)
+            }
+
+            VStack(spacing: 8) {
+                ForEach(model.rows) { row in
+                    HStack(spacing: 10) {
+                        Circle()
+                            .fill(color(for: row.tone))
+                            .frame(width: 8, height: 8)
+                            .accessibilityHidden(true)
+                        Text(row.label)
+                            .font(.caption.weight(.semibold))
+                            .foregroundStyle(.white.opacity(0.62))
+                        Spacer(minLength: 8)
+                        Text(row.value)
+                            .font(.caption.monospacedDigit())
+                            .foregroundStyle(.white.opacity(0.88))
+                            .lineLimit(1)
+                            .truncationMode(.middle)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            .padding(14)
+            .background(.white.opacity(0.08), in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8, style: .continuous))
+
+            HStack(spacing: 10) {
+                Button(action: retryLoading) {
+                    Label(
+                        L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.refresh", defaultValue: "Refresh"),
+                        systemImage: "arrow.clockwise"
+                    )
+                    .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                    .padding(.horizontal, 16)
+                    .padding(.vertical, 9)
+                    .background(.white.opacity(0.12), in: Capsule())
+                    .foregroundStyle(.white)
+                }
+                .buttonStyle(.plain)
+                .accessibilityIdentifier("MobileLoadingRefreshButton")
+
+                if canCreateTerminal {
+                    Button(action: createTerminal) {
+                        Label(
+                            L10n.string("mobile.terminal.loading.createTerminal", defaultValue: "Create Terminal"),
+                            systemImage: "plus"
+                        )
+                        .font(.subheadline.weight(.semibold))
+                        .padding(.horizontal, 18)
+                        .padding(.vertical, 9)
+                        .background(Color.accentColor, in: Capsule())
+                        .foregroundStyle(.white)
+                    }
+                    .buttonStyle(.plain)
+                    .accessibilityIdentifier("MobileLoadingCreateTerminalButton")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        .padding(24)
+        .frame(maxWidth: 420)
+        .accessibilityIdentifier("MobileTerminalLoadingDiagnostics")
+        .task(id: deadlineTaskID) {
+            await updateTerminalMetadataDeadline()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func color(for tone: TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsTone) -> Color {
+        switch tone {
+        case .good:
+            return .green
+        case .pending:
+            return .orange
+        case .warning:
+            return .red
+        case .neutral:
+            return .white.opacity(0.45)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var effectiveConnectionStatus: MobileMacConnectionStatus {
+        workspace.macConnectionStatus ?? connectionStatus
+    }
+
+    private var deadlineTaskID: String {
+        [
+            workspace.id.rawValue,
+            String(workspace.terminals.count),
+            connectionStatusKey(effectiveConnectionStatus),
+            String(refreshGeneration),
+        ].joined(separator: ":")
+    }
+
+    private func updateTerminalMetadataDeadline() async {
+        terminalMetadataTimedOut = false
+        guard effectiveConnectionStatus == .connected,
+              workspace.terminals.isEmpty else {
+            return
+        }
+        do {
+            try await ContinuousClock().sleep(for: Self.terminalMetadataTimeout)
+        } catch {
+            return
+        }
+        guard effectiveConnectionStatus == .connected,
+              workspace.terminals.isEmpty else {
+            return
+        }
+        terminalMetadataTimedOut = true
+    }
+
+    private func retryLoading() {
+        terminalMetadataTimedOut = false
+        refreshGeneration &+= 1
+        refreshConnection()
+    }
+
+    private func connectionStatusKey(_ status: MobileMacConnectionStatus) -> String {
+        switch status {
+        case .connected:
+            return "connected"
+        case .reconnecting:
+            return "reconnecting"
+        case .unavailable:
+            return "unavailable"
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow.swift b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..28afdce94504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#if os(iOS)
+struct TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow: Equatable, Identifiable {
+    let id: String
+    let label: String
+    let value: String
+    let tone: TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsTone
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsTone.swift b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsTone.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..296be604b993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsTone.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#if os(iOS)
+enum TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsTone: Equatable {
+    case good
+    case pending
+    case warning
+    case neutral
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/WorkspaceDetailView+TerminalLoadingDiagnostics.swift b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/WorkspaceDetailView+TerminalLoadingDiagnostics.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4e41f4dda3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/WorkspaceDetailView+TerminalLoadingDiagnostics.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#if os(iOS)
+import CMUXMobileCore
+import CmuxMobileShellModel
+
+extension WorkspaceDetailView {
+    var loadingDiagnosticsConnectionStatus: MobileMacConnectionStatus {
+        if let macDeviceID = workspace.macDeviceID,
+           !macDeviceID.isEmpty,
+           !loadingDiagnosticsMatchesForegroundMac(macDeviceID) {
+            return .unavailable
+        }
+        return workspace.macConnectionStatus ?? connectionStatus
+    }
+
+    var loadingDiagnosticsStoredRouteDescription: String? {
+        guard let macDeviceID = workspace.macDeviceID,
+              !macDeviceID.isEmpty else {
+            return nil
+        }
+        return store.displayPairedMacs
+            .first { mac in
+                mac.macDeviceID == macDeviceID || store.pairedMacAliasIDs(for: mac.macDeviceID).contains(macDeviceID)
+            }
+            .flatMap { CmxAttachRoute.deviceTreeRouteDescription(for: $0.routes) }
+    }
+
+    var activeLoadingDiagnosticsRoute: CmxAttachRoute? {
+        guard let macDeviceID = workspace.macDeviceID,
+              !macDeviceID.isEmpty else {
+            return loadingDiagnosticsConnectionStatus == .connected ? store.activeRoute : nil
+        }
+        if loadingDiagnosticsMatchesForegroundMac(macDeviceID) {
+            return store.activeRoute
+        }
+        return nil
+    }
+
+    var loadingDiagnosticsConnectionError: String? {
+        loadingDiagnosticsMatchesForegroundMac(workspace.macDeviceID) ? store.connectionError : nil
+    }
+
+    var loadingDiagnosticsConnectionErrorGuidance: String? {
+        loadingDiagnosticsMatchesForegroundMac(workspace.macDeviceID) ? store.connectionErrorGuidance : nil
+    }
+
+    func refreshLoadingDiagnosticsConnection() {
+        Task {
+            if let macDeviceID = workspace.macDeviceID,
+               !macDeviceID.isEmpty {
+                _ = await store.switchToMac(macDeviceID: macDeviceID)
+            }
+            await store.reconnectOrRefresh()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func loadingDiagnosticsMatchesForegroundMac(_ macDeviceID: String?) -> Bool {
+        guard let macDeviceID,
+              !macDeviceID.isEmpty else {
+            return false
+        }
+        if macDeviceID == store.connectedMacDeviceID {
+            return true
+        }
+        if macDeviceID == store.activeTicket?.macDeviceID {
+            return true
+        }
+        guard let connectedMacDeviceID = store.connectedMacDeviceID,
+              store.pairedMacAliasIDs(for: macDeviceID).contains(connectedMacDeviceID) else {
+            return false
+        }
+        return true
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/WorkspaceDetailView.swift b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/WorkspaceDetailView.swift
index d546c9ccfe3c..f583d1943ee2 100644
--- a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/WorkspaceDetailView.swift
+++ b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Sources/CmuxMobileShellUI/WorkspaceDetailView.swift
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import CmuxAgentChat
 import CmuxAgentChatUI
+import CMUXMobileCore
 import CmuxMobileBrowser
 import CmuxMobileDiagnostics
 import CmuxMobileShell
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ struct WorkspaceDetailView: View {
     let signOut: (() -> Void)?
     /// Phone-local browser surfaces, injected from the app root.
     @Environment(BrowserSurfaceStore.self) private var browserStore
+    @Environment(\.tailscaleStatusMonitor) private var tailscaleStatusMonitor
     /// Drives the destructive close-workspace confirmation dialog.
     @State var isConfirmingClose = false
     #if canImport(UIKit)
@@ -240,6 +242,23 @@ struct WorkspaceDetailView: View {
             } else {
                 TerminalPalette.background
                     .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, maxHeight: .infinity, alignment: .topLeading)
+                    .overlay {
+                        if loadingDiagnosticsConnectionStatus == .connected {
+                            TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsOverlay(
+                                workspace: workspace,
+                                host: host,
+                                connectionStatus: loadingDiagnosticsConnectionStatus,
+                                tailnetStatus: tailscaleStatusMonitor?.status,
+                                activeRoute: activeLoadingDiagnosticsRoute,
+                                storedRouteDescription: loadingDiagnosticsStoredRouteDescription,
+                                connectionError: loadingDiagnosticsConnectionError,
+                                connectionErrorGuidance: loadingDiagnosticsConnectionErrorGuidance,
+                                createTerminal: createTerminal,
+                                refreshConnection: refreshLoadingDiagnosticsConnection,
+                                canCreateTerminal: true
+                            )
+                        }
+                    }
             }
             #else
             TerminalPalette.background
@@ -254,8 +273,11 @@ struct WorkspaceDetailView: View {
         }
         .overlay {
             // Show a reconnecting/offline state instead of a black terminal.
-            if connectionStatus != .connected {
-                TerminalDisconnectedOverlay(status: connectionStatus, host: host) {
+            if loadingDiagnosticsConnectionStatus != .connected {
+                TerminalDisconnectedOverlay(
+                    status: loadingDiagnosticsConnectionStatus,
+                    host: workspace.macDisplayName ?? host
+                ) {
                     Task {
                         if let macDeviceID = workspace.macDeviceID,
                            !macDeviceID.isEmpty,
diff --git a/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Tests/CmuxMobileShellUITests/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelTests.swift b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Tests/CmuxMobileShellUITests/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6d5e80db756a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Packages/iOS/CmuxMobileShellUI/Tests/CmuxMobileShellUITests/TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#if os(iOS)
+import CMUXMobileCore
+import CmuxMobileShellModel
+@testable import CmuxMobileShellUI
+import Testing
+
+@Suite struct TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModelTests {
+    @Test func connectedTailscaleRouteExplainsLoadingTerminalState() throws {
+        let route = try CmxAttachRoute(
+            id: "tailscale",
+            kind: .tailscale,
+            endpoint: .hostPort(host: "100.64.0.10", port: 58465)
+        )
+
+        let model = TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel(
+            workspaceName: "cmux",
+            terminalCount: 0,
+            macName: "Studio",
+            connectionStatus: .connected,
+            tailnetStatus: .active,
+            activeRoute: route,
+            storedRouteDescription: nil,
+            connectionError: nil,
+            connectionErrorGuidance: nil
+        )
+
+        #expect(model.title == "Loading terminals")
+        #expect(model.message == "Waiting for Studio to send terminal metadata for this workspace.")
+        #expect(model.isLoading)
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "mac"]?.value == "Studio · Connected")
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "tailscale"]?.value == "Active")
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "route"]?.value == "Tailscale · 100.64.0.10:58465")
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "terminals"]?.value == "No terminal list yet")
+    }
+
+    @Test func connectedEmptyWorkspaceTimesOutToExplicitRecoveryCopy() {
+        let model = TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel(
+            workspaceName: "cmux",
+            terminalCount: 0,
+            macName: "Studio",
+            connectionStatus: .connected,
+            tailnetStatus: .active,
+            activeRoute: nil,
+            storedRouteDescription: nil,
+            connectionError: nil,
+            connectionErrorGuidance: nil,
+            loadingTimedOut: true
+        )
+
+        #expect(model.title == "No terminals yet")
+        #expect(model.message == "Studio is connected. Create a terminal, or tap Refresh to check again.")
+        #expect(!model.isLoading)
+    }
+
+    @Test func inactiveTailscaleAndSavedRouteSurfaceNetworkGuidance() {
+        let model = TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel(
+            workspaceName: "cmux",
+            terminalCount: 0,
+            macName: nil,
+            connectionStatus: .unavailable,
+            tailnetStatus: .inactiveOrNotInstalled,
+            activeRoute: nil,
+            storedRouteDescription: "100.64.0.20:58465",
+            connectionError: "Timed out",
+            connectionErrorGuidance: "Check that both devices are on the same Tailscale."
+        )
+
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "mac"]?.value == "cmux · Disconnected")
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "mac"]?.tone == .warning)
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "tailscale"]?.value == "Off or not installed")
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "tailscale"]?.tone == .warning)
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "route"]?.value == "Saved route · 100.64.0.20:58465")
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "network"]?.value == "Check that both devices are on the same Tailscale.")
+    }
+
+    @Test func routeAndMacStatusUseLocalizedFormatKeys() throws {
+        let route = try CmxAttachRoute(
+            id: "debug",
+            kind: .debugLoopback,
+            endpoint: .hostPort(host: "127.0.0.1", port: 3942)
+        )
+
+        let model = TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsModel(
+            workspaceName: "cmux",
+            terminalCount: 1,
+            macName: "Mini",
+            connectionStatus: .reconnecting,
+            tailnetStatus: .unknown,
+            activeRoute: route,
+            storedRouteDescription: nil,
+            connectionError: nil,
+            connectionErrorGuidance: nil
+        )
+
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "mac"]?.value == "Mini · Reconnecting")
+        #expect(model.rows[id: "route"]?.value == "Debug loopback · 127.0.0.1:3942")
+    }
+}
+
+private extension [TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow] {
+    subscript(id id: String) -> TerminalLoadingDiagnosticsRow? {
+        first { $0.id == id }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/Resources/Localizable.xcstrings b/Resources/Localizable.xcstrings
index 73bb4104888b..1a92dbc2cdbc 100644
--- a/Resources/Localizable.xcstrings
+++ b/Resources/Localizable.xcstrings
@@ -117577,6 +117577,431 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.createTerminal": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Create Terminal"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナルを作成"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.emptyMessageFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ is connected. Create a terminal, or tap Refresh to check again."
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ に接続済みです。ターミナルを作成するか、「更新」をタップして再確認してください。"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.emptyTitle": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "No terminals yet"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナルはまだありません"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.mac": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Mac"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Mac"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.macFallback": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Mac"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Mac"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.macStatusFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ · %@"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ · %@"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.messageFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Waiting for %@ to send terminal metadata for this workspace."
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ からこのワークスペースのターミナル情報が送信されるのを待っています。"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.network": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Network"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ネットワーク"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.refresh": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Refresh"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "更新"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Route"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ルート"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.routeActiveFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ · %@"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ · %@"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route.debugLoopback": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Debug loopback"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "デバッグループバック"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route.iroh": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Iroh"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Iroh"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route.tailscale": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Tailscale"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Tailscale"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route.websocket": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "WebSocket"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "WebSocket"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.routeMissing": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "No saved route"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "保存済みルートなし"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.routeStoredFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Saved route · %@"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "保存済みルート · %@"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Tailscale"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Tailscale"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.active": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Active"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "有効"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.inactive": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Off or not installed"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "オフまたは未インストール"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.notChecked": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Not checked"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "未確認"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.unknown": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Unknown"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "不明"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.terminals": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Terminals"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナル"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.terminalsWaiting": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "No terminal list yet"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナル一覧はまだありません"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.title": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Loading terminals"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナルを読み込み中"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "mobile.pairing.checking": {
       "extractionState": "manual",
       "localizations": {
diff --git a/ios/cmux/Resources/Localizable.xcstrings b/ios/cmux/Resources/Localizable.xcstrings
index ef80c1446033..5034b44d4879 100644
--- a/ios/cmux/Resources/Localizable.xcstrings
+++ b/ios/cmux/Resources/Localizable.xcstrings
@@ -8195,6 +8195,431 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.createTerminal": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Create Terminal"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナルを作成"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.emptyMessageFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ is connected. Create a terminal, or tap Refresh to check again."
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ に接続済みです。ターミナルを作成するか、「更新」をタップして再確認してください。"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.emptyTitle": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "No terminals yet"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナルはまだありません"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.mac": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Mac"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Mac"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.macFallback": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Mac"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Mac"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.macStatusFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ · %@"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ · %@"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.messageFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Waiting for %@ to send terminal metadata for this workspace."
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ からこのワークスペースのターミナル情報が送信されるのを待っています。"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.network": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Network"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ネットワーク"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.refresh": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Refresh"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "更新"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Route"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ルート"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.routeActiveFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ · %@"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "%@ · %@"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route.debugLoopback": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Debug loopback"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "デバッグループバック"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route.iroh": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Iroh"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Iroh"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route.tailscale": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Tailscale"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Tailscale"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.route.websocket": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "WebSocket"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "WebSocket"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.routeMissing": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "No saved route"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "保存済みルートなし"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.routeStoredFormat": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Saved route · %@"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "保存済みルート · %@"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Tailscale"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Tailscale"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.active": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Active"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "有効"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.inactive": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Off or not installed"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "オフまたは未インストール"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.notChecked": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Not checked"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "未確認"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.tailscale.unknown": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Unknown"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "不明"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.terminals": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Terminals"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナル"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.terminalsWaiting": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "No terminal list yet"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナル一覧はまだありません"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "mobile.terminal.loading.title": {
+      "extractionState": "manual",
+      "localizations": {
+        "en": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "Loading terminals"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja": {
+          "stringUnit": {
+            "state": "translated",
+            "value": "ターミナルを読み込み中"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "terminal.zoom.restore_built_in": {
       "extractionState": "manual",
       "localizations": {