diff --git a/Sources/AppDelegate.swift b/Sources/AppDelegate.swift
index d7da81801726..dcb343fd4b13 100644
--- a/Sources/AppDelegate.swift
+++ b/Sources/AppDelegate.swift
@@ -2017,6 +2017,7 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCent
     private var browserAddressBarFocusedPanelId: UUID?
     private var browserOmnibarRepeatStartWorkItem: DispatchWorkItem?
     private var browserOmnibarRepeatTickWorkItem: DispatchWorkItem?
+    private var screenChangeSnapshotWorkItem: DispatchWorkItem?
     private var browserOmnibarRepeatKeyCode: UInt16?
     private var browserOmnibarRepeatDelta: Int = 0
     private var browserAddressBarFocusObserver: NSObjectProtocol?
@@ -2324,6 +2325,12 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCent
             }
         }
         NSWindow.allowsAutomaticWindowTabbing = false
+        // Disable macOS system window restoration to prevent duplicate windows
+        // when external displays are disconnected/reconnected (#1802).
+        // The app uses its own SessionPersistenceStore for window state.
+        // Uses register(defaults:) so we set the app default without overwriting
+        // a user-level preference if one exists.
+        UserDefaults.standard.register(defaults: ["NSQuitAlwaysKeepsWindows": false])
         disableNativeTabbingShortcut()
         ensureApplicationIcon()
         if !isRunningUnderXCTest {
@@ -2638,6 +2645,7 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCent
 
     func applicationShouldTerminate(_ sender: NSApplication) -> NSApplication.TerminateReply {
         isTerminatingApp = true
+        screenChangeSnapshotWorkItem?.cancel()
         _ = saveSessionSnapshot(includeScrollback: true, removeWhenEmpty: false)
         return .terminateNow
     }
@@ -3304,6 +3312,32 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCent
             }
         }
         lifecycleSnapshotObservers.append(didWakeObserver)
+
+        // When an external display is disconnected/reconnected, macOS can trigger
+        // window restoration that creates duplicate windows (#1802). Save a snapshot
+        // so the session state stays consistent after the display topology change.
+        // Debounced because this notification can fire many times in rapid succession
+        // during a single display reconfiguration event.
+        let screenChangeObserver = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
+            forName: NSApplication.didChangeScreenParametersNotification,
+            object: nil,
+            queue: .main
+        ) { [weak self] _ in
+            self?.scheduleScreenChangeSnapshot()
+        }
+        lifecycleSnapshotObservers.append(screenChangeObserver)
+    }
+
+    private func scheduleScreenChangeSnapshot() {
+        screenChangeSnapshotWorkItem?.cancel()
+        let work = DispatchWorkItem { [weak self] in
+            Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
+                guard let self, !self.isTerminatingApp else { return }
+                _ = self.saveSessionSnapshot(includeScrollback: false)
+            }
+        }
+        screenChangeSnapshotWorkItem = work
+        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5, execute: work)
     }
 
     private func socketListenerConfigurationIfEnabled() -> (mode: SocketControlMode, path: String)? {
@@ -3735,6 +3769,8 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCent
         sidebarSelectionState: SidebarSelectionState
     ) {
         tabManager.window = window
+        // Prevent macOS from restoring this window on display reconfiguration (#1802).
+        window.isRestorable = false
 
         let key = ObjectIdentifier(window)
         #if DEBUG
diff --git a/Sources/Panels/BrowserPanel.swift b/Sources/Panels/BrowserPanel.swift
index dfb03aa7c08e..a6c90c544474 100644
--- a/Sources/Panels/BrowserPanel.swift
+++ b/Sources/Panels/BrowserPanel.swift
@@ -9353,6 +9353,7 @@ final class BrowserDataImportCoordinator {
                 defaultValue: "Import Browser Data"
             )
             panel.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+            panel.isRestorable = false
             panel.delegate = self
             panel.standardWindowButton(.miniaturizeButton)?.isHidden = true
             panel.standardWindowButton(.zoomButton)?.isHidden = true
@@ -10095,6 +10096,7 @@ final class BrowserDataImportCoordinator {
         )
         window.title = title
         window.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        window.isRestorable = false
         window.standardWindowButton(.closeButton)?.isHidden = true
         window.standardWindowButton(.miniaturizeButton)?.isHidden = true
         window.standardWindowButton(.zoomButton)?.isHidden = true
diff --git a/Sources/Panels/BrowserPopupWindowController.swift b/Sources/Panels/BrowserPopupWindowController.swift
index 0c97d5a8c67a..7e23be6665bf 100644
--- a/Sources/Panels/BrowserPopupWindowController.swift
+++ b/Sources/Panels/BrowserPopupWindowController.swift
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ final class BrowserPopupWindowController: NSObject, NSWindowDelegate {
         panel.level = NSWindow.Level.normal
         panel.hidesOnDeactivate = false
         panel.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        panel.isRestorable = false
         panel.minSize = NSSize(width: minWidth, height: minHeight)
         panel.title = String(localized: "browser.popup.loadingTitle", defaultValue: "Loading\u{2026}")
         self.panel = panel
diff --git a/Sources/cmuxApp.swift b/Sources/cmuxApp.swift
index debc66978b2e..7135a374a41c 100644
--- a/Sources/cmuxApp.swift
+++ b/Sources/cmuxApp.swift
@@ -1577,6 +1577,7 @@ private final class SettingsAboutTitlebarDebugWindowController: NSWindowControll
         window.titlebarAppearsTransparent = false
         window.isMovableByWindowBackground = true
         window.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        window.isRestorable = false
         window.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.settingsAboutTitlebarDebug")
         window.center()
         window.contentView = NSHostingView(rootView: SettingsAboutTitlebarDebugView())
@@ -1805,6 +1806,7 @@ private final class DebugWindowControlsWindowController: NSWindowController, NSW
         window.titlebarAppearsTransparent = false
         window.isMovableByWindowBackground = true
         window.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        window.isRestorable = false
         window.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.debugWindowControls")
         window.center()
         window.contentView = NSHostingView(rootView: DebugWindowControlsView())
@@ -2109,6 +2111,7 @@ private final class BrowserImportHintDebugWindowController: NSWindowController,
         window.titlebarAppearsTransparent = false
         window.isMovableByWindowBackground = true
         window.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        window.isRestorable = false
         window.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.browserImportHintDebug")
         window.center()
         window.contentView = NSHostingView(rootView: BrowserImportHintDebugView())
@@ -2146,6 +2149,7 @@ private final class BrowserProfilePopoverDebugWindowController: NSWindowControll
         window.titlebarAppearsTransparent = false
         window.isMovableByWindowBackground = true
         window.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        window.isRestorable = false
         window.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.browserProfilePopoverDebug")
         window.center()
         window.contentView = NSHostingView(rootView: BrowserProfilePopoverDebugView())
@@ -2756,6 +2760,7 @@ private final class SidebarDebugWindowController: NSWindowController, NSWindowDe
         window.titlebarAppearsTransparent = false
         window.isMovableByWindowBackground = true
         window.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        window.isRestorable = false
         window.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.sidebarDebug")
         window.center()
         window.contentView = NSHostingView(rootView: SidebarDebugView())
@@ -3157,6 +3162,7 @@ private final class MenuBarExtraDebugWindowController: NSWindowController, NSWin
         window.titlebarAppearsTransparent = false
         window.isMovableByWindowBackground = true
         window.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        window.isRestorable = false
         window.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.menubarDebug")
         window.center()
         window.contentView = NSHostingView(rootView: MenuBarExtraDebugView())
@@ -3327,6 +3333,7 @@ private final class BackgroundDebugWindowController: NSWindowController, NSWindo
         window.titlebarAppearsTransparent = false
         window.isMovableByWindowBackground = true
         window.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
+        window.isRestorable = false
         window.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.backgroundDebug")
         window.center()
         window.contentView = NSHostingView(rootView: BackgroundDebugView())