diff --git a/test/precompile.jl b/test/precompile.jl
index fe77ed5..f803f87 100644
--- a/test/precompile.jl
+++ b/test/precompile.jl
@@ -154,3 +154,213 @@ precompile_test_harness("Inference caching") do load_path
         @test ExampleCompiler.emit_code_count[] == 0 broken=VERSION>=v"1.12.0-DEV.1268"
     end
 end
+
+# Test Base.precompile(ci::CodeInstance) for persisting non-native external CIs
+@static if hasmethod(Base.precompile, Tuple{Core.CodeInstance})
+precompile_test_harness("Base.precompile(ci::CodeInstance) external CI caching") do load_path
+    write(joinpath(load_path, "ExampleCompilerPC.jl"), :(module ExampleCompilerPC
+        using CompilerCaching
+
+        const CC = Core.Compiler
+
+        mutable struct CompileResults
+            ir::Any
+            code::Any
+            executable::Any
+            CompileResults() = new(nothing, nothing, nothing)
+        end
+
+        struct ExampleInterpreter <: CC.AbstractInterpreter
+            world::UInt
+            cache::CacheView
+            inf_cache::Vector{CC.InferenceResult}
+        end
+        ExampleInterpreter(cache::CacheView) =
+            ExampleInterpreter(cache.world, cache, CC.InferenceResult[])
+
+        CC.InferenceParams(::ExampleInterpreter) = CC.InferenceParams()
+        CC.OptimizationParams(::ExampleInterpreter) = CC.OptimizationParams()
+        CC.get_inference_cache(interp::ExampleInterpreter) = interp.inf_cache
+        @static if isdefined(Core.Compiler, :get_inference_world)
+            Core.Compiler.get_inference_world(interp::ExampleInterpreter) = interp.world
+        else
+            Core.Compiler.get_world_counter(interp::ExampleInterpreter) = interp.world
+        end
+        CC.lock_mi_inference(::ExampleInterpreter, ::Core.MethodInstance) = nothing
+        CC.unlock_mi_inference(::ExampleInterpreter, ::Core.MethodInstance) = nothing
+        @setup_caching ExampleInterpreter.cache
+
+        emit_code_count = Ref(0)
+
+        function emit_ir(cache, mi)
+            interp = ExampleInterpreter(cache)
+            typeinf!(cache, interp, mi)
+        end
+
+        function emit_code(cache, mi, ir)
+            emit_code_count[] += 1
+            :code_result
+        end
+
+        emit_executable(cache, mi, code) = code
+
+        function precompile(f, tt)
+            world = Base.get_world_counter()
+            mi = method_instance(f, tt; world)
+            cache = CacheView{CompileResults}(:ExampleCompilerPC, world)
+
+            ci = get(cache, mi, nothing)
+            if ci !== nothing
+                res = results(cache, ci)
+                if res.executable !== nothing
+                    return res.executable
+                end
+            end
+
+            ir = emit_ir(cache, mi)
+
+            ci = get(cache, mi, nothing)
+            @assert ci !== nothing "typeinf! should have created CI"
+            res = results(cache, ci)
+            res.ir = ir
+
+            res.code = emit_code(cache, mi, res.ir)
+            res.executable = emit_executable(cache, mi, res.code)
+
+            # Register CI for precompilation caching so non-native external CIs
+            # survive serialization (bypasses the owner filter in queue_external_cis)
+            Base.precompile(ci)
+
+            @assert res.executable === :code_result
+            return res.executable
+        end
+
+        end # module
+    ) |> string)
+    Base.compilecache(Base.PkgId("ExampleCompilerPC"), stderr, stdout)
+
+    write(joinpath(load_path, "ExampleUserPC.jl"), :(module ExampleUserPC
+        import ExampleCompilerPC
+
+        function square(x)
+            return x * x
+        end
+
+        # Internal method
+        ExampleCompilerPC.precompile(square, (Float64,))
+
+        # External method (identity from Base)
+        ExampleCompilerPC.precompile(identity, (Int,))
+
+        end # module
+    ) |> string)
+    Base.compilecache(Base.PkgId("ExampleUserPC"), stderr, stdout)
+
+    @eval let
+        using CompilerCaching
+        import ExampleCompilerPC
+        @test ExampleCompilerPC.emit_code_count[] == 0
+
+        cache = CacheView{ExampleCompilerPC.CompileResults}(:ExampleCompilerPC, Base.get_world_counter())
+
+        identity_mi = method_instance(identity, (Int,))
+        @test !haskey(cache, identity_mi)
+
+        using ExampleUserPC
+        @test ExampleCompilerPC.emit_code_count[] == 0
+
+        cache = CacheView{ExampleCompilerPC.CompileResults}(:ExampleCompilerPC, Base.get_world_counter())
+
+        # Internal method CI survived (baseline)
+        square_mi = method_instance(ExampleUserPC.square, (Float64,))
+        @test haskey(cache, square_mi)
+
+        # External method CI survived (enabled by Base.precompile(ci))
+        @test haskey(cache, identity_mi)
+
+        # No recompilation needed
+        ExampleCompilerPC.precompile(ExampleUserPC.square, (Float64,))
+        @test ExampleCompilerPC.emit_code_count[] == 0
+        ExampleCompilerPC.precompile(identity, (Int,))
+        @test ExampleCompilerPC.emit_code_count[] == 0
+
+        # Results integrity
+        ci = get(cache, identity_mi)
+        res = results(cache, ci)
+        @test res.executable === :code_result
+    end
+end
+# Test foreign IR precompilation (non-CodeInfo source in method.source)
+precompile_test_harness("Foreign IR precompilation") do load_path
+    write(joinpath(load_path, "ForeignIRPkg.jl"), :(module ForeignIRPkg
+        using CompilerCaching
+
+        const CC = Core.Compiler
+
+        Base.Experimental.@MethodTable foreign_mt
+
+        mutable struct ForeignResults
+            val::Any
+            ForeignResults() = new(nothing)
+        end
+
+        # Define a foreign method with Symbol IR (not CodeInfo or String)
+        function my_kernel end
+        add_method(foreign_mt, my_kernel, (), :my_kernel_ir)
+
+        function my_other_kernel end
+        add_method(foreign_mt, my_other_kernel, (Float64,), :my_other_kernel_ir)
+
+        # Compile and cache during precompilation
+        const world = Base.get_world_counter()
+        const cache = CacheView{ForeignResults}(:ForeignIRPkg, world)
+
+        function do_compile(f, tt)
+            mi = method_instance(f, tt; world, method_table=foreign_mt)
+            ci = create_ci(cache, mi)
+            cache[mi] = ci
+            results(cache, ci).val = 42
+            Base.precompile(ci)
+            return ci
+        end
+
+        const ci1 = do_compile(my_kernel, ())
+        const ci2 = do_compile(my_other_kernel, (Float64,))
+
+        end # module
+    ) |> string)
+    Base.compilecache(Base.PkgId("ForeignIRPkg"), stderr, stdout)
+
+    @eval let
+        using CompilerCaching
+        using ForeignIRPkg
+
+        cache = CacheView{ForeignIRPkg.ForeignResults}(:ForeignIRPkg, Base.get_world_counter())
+
+        # Check that the foreign methods survived with their custom IR
+        mi1 = method_instance(ForeignIRPkg.my_kernel, ();
+                              world=Base.get_world_counter(),
+                              method_table=ForeignIRPkg.foreign_mt)
+        @test mi1.def.source === :my_kernel_ir
+
+        mi2 = method_instance(ForeignIRPkg.my_other_kernel, (Float64,);
+                              world=Base.get_world_counter(),
+                              method_table=ForeignIRPkg.foreign_mt)
+        @test mi2.def.source === :my_other_kernel_ir
+
+        # Check that CIs survived precompilation
+        @test haskey(cache, mi1)
+        @test haskey(cache, mi2)
+
+        # Check results integrity
+        ci1 = get(cache, mi1)
+        res1 = results(cache, ci1)
+        @test res1.val == 42
+
+        ci2 = get(cache, mi2)
+        res2 = results(cache, ci2)
+        @test res2.val == 42
+    end
+end
+
+end # @static if hasmethod(Base.precompile, ...)