diff --git a/mlir/lib/Transforms/RemoveDeadValues.cpp b/mlir/lib/Transforms/RemoveDeadValues.cpp
index 957621c16bf2b..2610fa3d1cffe 100644
--- a/mlir/lib/Transforms/RemoveDeadValues.cpp
+++ b/mlir/lib/Transforms/RemoveDeadValues.cpp
@@ -517,6 +517,16 @@ static void processBranchOp(BranchOpInterface branchOp, RunLivenessAnalysis &la,
     // Do (2)
     BitVector successorNonLive =
         markLives(operandValues, nonLiveSet, la).flip();
+    // A block argument should not be considered dead if the liveness analysis
+    // determines it is live. This can happen when a branch is in a statically
+    // unreachable (dead) block: the forwarded operand appears dead because it
+    // is in the dead block, but the successor block argument may still be live
+    // because it is also forwarded from other live predecessor branches.
+    for (auto [index, blockArg] :
+         llvm::enumerate(successorBlock->getArguments())) {
+      if (successorNonLive[index] && hasLive({blockArg}, nonLiveSet, la))
+        successorNonLive.reset(index);
+    }
     collectNonLiveValues(nonLiveSet, successorBlock->getArguments(),
                          successorNonLive);
 
diff --git a/mlir/test/Transforms/remove-dead-values.mlir b/mlir/test/Transforms/remove-dead-values.mlir
index 19bc6b2fddd66..343f7616f73fb 100644
--- a/mlir/test/Transforms/remove-dead-values.mlir
+++ b/mlir/test/Transforms/remove-dead-values.mlir
@@ -847,3 +847,33 @@ module @func_with_non_call_users {
   }
   spirv.EntryPoint "GLCompute" @callee
 }
+
+
+// -----
+
+// Verify that RemoveDeadValues does not crash when a branch in a statically
+// dead block forwards a dead value to a block argument that is live (because
+// another, reachable predecessor also forwards a value to it).
+// The constant comparison %cmp is always true (2 < 5), so ^bb2 is unreachable.
+// The block argument %arg0 in ^bb3 must not be incorrectly marked dead.
+// CHECK-LABEL: func.func @branch_in_dead_block_live_successor_arg
+func.func @branch_in_dead_block_live_successor_arg() -> i64 {
+  %c0 = arith.constant 0 : i64
+  %c1 = arith.constant 1 : i64
+  %sum = arith.addi %c0, %c1 : i64
+  %c2 = arith.constant 2 : i64
+  %mul = arith.muli %sum, %c2 : i64
+  %c5 = arith.constant 5 : i64
+  %cmp = arith.cmpi slt, %mul, %c5 : i64
+  cf.cond_br %cmp, ^bb1, ^bb2
+^bb1:
+  %c10 = arith.constant 10 : i64
+  cf.br ^bb3(%c10 : i64)
+^bb2:
+  %c20 = arith.constant 20 : i64
+  cf.br ^bb3(%c20 : i64)
+^bb3(%arg0: i64):
+  // CHECK: arith.addi
+  %result = arith.addi %arg0, %sum : i64
+  func.return %result : i64
+}