diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/src/index.ts b/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/src/index.ts
index 91d9f6a17..358529bc8 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/src/index.ts
@@ -109,6 +109,28 @@ function extractStringContatentation(t, node, error): string {
   }
 }
 
+function extractCommentString(t, path, valuePath, valueObj): string {
+  if (t.isStringLiteral(valueObj)) {
+    // Comment is a single line string
+    return valueObj.value;
+  }
+
+  // Comment is a multi-line string.
+  const errorIfNotAString = path
+    .get(valuePath)
+    .buildCodeFrameError("Only strings are supported as comments.")
+
+  if (t.isBinaryExpression(valueObj)) {
+    return extractStringContatentation(
+      t,
+      valueObj,
+      errorIfNotAString
+    )
+  } else {
+    throw errorIfNotAString
+  }
+}
+
 export default function ({ types: t }) {
   let localTransComponentName
 
@@ -220,25 +242,32 @@ export default function ({ types: t }) {
             )
           }
         )
-        if (!hasComment) return
-
+        
+        const isNonMacroI18n = isI18nMethod(path.node.callee) && !hasComment && path.node.arguments[0] && !path.node.arguments[0].leadingComments;
+        if (!hasComment && !isNonMacroI18n) return;
         const props = {
-          id: path.node.arguments[0].value,
-        }
+          id: path.node.arguments[0].value
+        };
 
         if (!props.id) {
-          console.warn("Missing message ID, skipping.")
+          console.warn("Missing message ID, skipping.");
           console.warn(generate(path.node).code)
-          return
+          return;
         }
 
         const copyOptions = ["message", "comment", "context"]
 
         if (t.isObjectExpression(path.node.arguments[2])) {
-          path.node.arguments[2].properties.forEach((property) => {
-            if (!copyOptions.includes(property.key.name)) return
+          path.node.arguments[2].properties.forEach(({key, value}, i) => {
+            if (!copyOptions.includes(key.name)) return
+
+            let valueToExtract = value.value;
+
+            if (key.name === "comment") {
+              valueToExtract = extractCommentString(t, path, `arguments.2.properties.${i}.value`, value);
+            }
 
-            props[property.key.name] = property.value.value
+            props[key.name] = valueToExtract
           })
         }
 
@@ -298,21 +327,8 @@ export default function ({ types: t }) {
             // By default, the value is just the string value of the object property.
             let valueToExtract = value.value;
 
-            if (key.name === "comment" && !t.isStringLiteral(value)) {
-              // Comments can be single or multi-line strings.
-              const errorIfNotAString = path
-                .get(`properties.${i}.value`)
-                .buildCodeFrameError("Only strings are supported as comments.")
-
-              if (t.isBinaryExpression(value)) {
-                valueToExtract = extractStringContatentation(
-                  t,
-                  value,
-                  errorIfNotAString
-                )
-              } else {
-                throw errorIfNotAString
-              }
+            if (key.name === "comment") {
+              valueToExtract = extractCommentString(t, path, `properties.${i}.value`, value);
             } else if (key.name === "id") {
                 const isIdLiteral = !value.value && t.isTemplateLiteral(value)
                 if (isIdLiteral) {
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/__snapshots__/index.ts.snap b/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/__snapshots__/index.ts.snap
index bbb46d841..da852e90f 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/__snapshots__/index.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/__snapshots__/index.ts.snap
@@ -123,6 +123,72 @@ Object {
 }
 `;
 
+exports[`@lingui/babel-plugin-extract-messages should extract all messages from JS files (without macros or i18n comments) 1`] = `
+Object {
+  Context1: Object {
+    Some id: Object {
+      extractedComments: Array [],
+      origin: Array [
+        Array [
+          js-without-macros-or-comments.js,
+          11,
+        ],
+      ],
+    },
+  },
+  Description: Object {
+    extractedComments: Array [
+      description,
+    ],
+    origin: Array [
+      Array [
+        js-without-macros-or-comments.js,
+        3,
+      ],
+    ],
+  },
+  ID: Object {
+    extractedComments: Array [],
+    message: Message with id,
+    origin: Array [
+      Array [
+        js-without-macros-or-comments.js,
+        7,
+      ],
+    ],
+  },
+  Message: Object {
+    extractedComments: Array [],
+    origin: Array [
+      Array [
+        js-without-macros-or-comments.js,
+        1,
+      ],
+    ],
+  },
+  Multiline: Object {
+    extractedComments: Array [
+      this is 2 lines long,
+    ],
+    origin: Array [
+      Array [
+        js-without-macros-or-comments.js,
+        5,
+      ],
+    ],
+  },
+  Values {param}: Object {
+    extractedComments: Array [],
+    origin: Array [
+      Array [
+        js-without-macros-or-comments.js,
+        9,
+      ],
+    ],
+  },
+}
+`;
+
 exports[`@lingui/babel-plugin-extract-messages should extract all messages from JS files 1`] = `
 Object {
   Context1: Object {
@@ -321,3 +387,30 @@ Object {
   },
 }
 `;
+
+exports[`@lingui/babel-plugin-extract-messages should handle duplicate ids 1`] = `
+Object {
+  msg: Object {
+    extractedComments: Array [],
+    message: Hello World!,
+    origin: Array [
+      Array [
+        duplicate-id-valid.js,
+        5,
+      ],
+      Array [
+        duplicate-id-valid.js,
+        8,
+      ],
+      Array [
+        duplicate-id-valid.js,
+        11,
+      ],
+      Array [
+        duplicate-id-valid.js,
+        14,
+      ],
+    ],
+  },
+}
+`;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/fixtures/js-without-macros-or-comments.js b/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/fixtures/js-without-macros-or-comments.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e73602ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/fixtures/js-without-macros-or-comments.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+const msg = i18n._('Message')
+
+const withDescription = i18n._('Description', {}, { comment: "description"});
+
+const withMultilineComment = i18n._('Multiline', {}, { comment: "this is " + "2 lines long" });
+
+const withId = i18n._('ID', {}, { message: 'Message with id' });
+
+const withValues = i18n._('Values {param}', { param: param });
+
+const withContext = i18n._('Some id', {},{ context: 'Context1'});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/index.ts b/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/index.ts
index 3a7fc29be..f7db9aab8 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/index.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-extract-messages/test/index.ts
@@ -113,6 +113,11 @@ describe("@lingui/babel-plugin-extract-messages", function () {
     ).toBeFalsy()
   })
 
+  testCase(
+    "should handle duplicate ids",
+    "duplicate-id-valid.js"
+  )
+
   testCase(
     "should extract all messages from JSX files",
     "jsx-without-macros.js"
@@ -134,4 +139,9 @@ describe("@lingui/babel-plugin-extract-messages", function () {
     "should extract all messages from JS files (macros)",
     "js-with-macros.js"
   )
+
+  testCase(
+    "should extract all messages from JS files (without macros or i18n comments)",
+    "js-without-macros-or-comments.js"
+  )
 })