[12.x] Add missing @throws annotations to Database Connection class

[sumaiazaman]

This PR adds missing @throws annotations to the Database Connection class methods that throw exceptions but were missing proper documentation.

Changes Made

• escape() method: Added @throws \RuntimeException annotation
• escapeBinary() method: Added @throws \RuntimeException annotation

Why This Matters

These methods throw RuntimeException when the PDO connection is not available, but were missing the proper @throws annotations in their docblocks. This improvement:

• Enhances IDE support and autocomplete functionality
• Improves static analysis capabilities (PHPStan, Psalm, etc.)
• Provides better documentation for developers using these methods
• Maintains consistency with Laravel's documentation standards
• Helps developers understand when these methods might fail and handle exceptions appropriately

Implementation Details

Both methods check for PDO availability and throw RuntimeException with descriptive messages when the connection is not available:

• escape(): Throws when trying to escape values without a PDO connection
• escapeBinary(): Throws when trying to escape binary data without a PDO connection

Testing

No functional changes were made - only documentation improvements. The existing test suite should continue to pass without modification.