Build Kubelet without Docker

A KEP proposing supporting building a Kubelet without docker, via the
use of build tags.

Author: mattjmcnaughton

keps/sig-node/20200205-build-kubelet-without-docker.md

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+---
+title: Building a Dockerless Kubelet
+authors:
+  - "@mattjmcnaughton"
+owning-sig: sig-node
+participating-sigs:
+  - sig-testing
+  - sig-release
+  - sig-cluster-lifecycle
+reviewers:
+  - "@dims"
+  - "@BenTheElder"
+  - TBD
+approvers:
+  - "@derekwaynecarr"
+  - "@dchen1107"
+editor: TBD
+creation-date: 2020-02-05
+last-updated: 2020-02-09
+status: provisional
+see-also:
+  - "/keps/sig-cloud-provider/20190729-building-without-in-tree-providers.md"
+---
+
+# Building a Dockerless Kubelet
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+<!-- toc -->
+- [Release Signoff Checklist](#release-signoff-checklist)
+- [Summary](#summary)
+- [Motivation](#motivation)
+  - [History](#history)
+- [Returning to Motivation](#returning-to-motivation)
+  - [Goals](#goals)
+  - [Non-Goals](#non-goals)
+- [Proposal](#proposal)
+  - [User Stories](#user-stories)
+    - [Story 1](#story-1)
+    - [Story 2](#story-2)
+  - [Implementation Details/Notes/Constraints](#implementation-detailsnotesconstraints)
+  - [Risks and Mitigations](#risks-and-mitigations)
+- [Design Details](#design-details)
+  - [Test Plan](#test-plan)
+  - [Graduation Criteria](#graduation-criteria)
+  - [Upgrade / Downgrade Strategy](#upgrade--downgrade-strategy)
+  - [Version Skew Strategy](#version-skew-strategy)
+- [Implementation History](#implementation-history)
+- [Drawbacks](#drawbacks)
+- [Alternatives](#alternatives)
+<!-- /toc -->
+
+## Release Signoff Checklist
+
+- [ ] kubernetes/enhancements issue in release milestone, which links to KEP (this should be a link to the KEP location in kubernetes/enhancements, not the initial KEP PR)
+- [ ] KEP approvers have set the KEP status to `implementable`
+- [ ] Design details are appropriately documented
+- [ ] Test plan is in place, giving consideration to SIG Architecture and SIG Testing input
+- [ ] Graduation criteria is in place
+- [ ] "Implementation History" section is up-to-date for milestone
+- [ ] User-facing documentation has been created in [kubernetes/website], for publication to [kubernetes.io]
+- [ ] Supporting documentation e.g., additional design documents, links to mailing list discussions/SIG meetings, relevant PRs/issues, release notes
+
+## Summary
+
+This proposal outlines a plan to enable building a dockerless Kubelet. We
+define a dockerless Kubelet as a Kubelet with no "Docker-specific" code and
+no dependency on the `docker/docker` Golang package. We define "Docker-specific"
+code as code which only serves a purpose when Docker is the container runtime.
+"Docker-specific" code is never executed when the Kubelet uses a remote
+container runtime (i.e. containerd or CRI-O).
+
+Supporting building a dockerless Kubelet is a precursor to moving all
+"Docker-specific" Kubelet code out-of-tree, in the name of treating Docker like
+any other container runtime.
+
+At a high level, this undertaking is similar to the efforts of
+sig-cloud-provider to support [Building Kubernetes Without In-Tree Cloud Providers](/keps/sig-cloud-provider/20190729-building-without-in-tree-providers.md).
+A big thanks to them for their leadership; much of this KEP is based off their great work :)
+
+## Motivation
+
+For this KEP to be worthwhile, we must believe the following two statements.
+
+First, we must see a benefit to a dockerless Kubelet.
+Second, we must believe supporting the ability to compile a dockerless Kubelet is
+a useful first step towards a truly dockerless Kubelet.
+
+A quick review of recent Kubernetes history provides context when considering
+whether we agree with the statements in question.
+
+### History
+
+With 1.5, Kubernetes introduced the [Container Runtime Interface](https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/12/container-runtime-interface-cri-in-kubernetes/)
+(CRI). The CRI defines a standard interface for the Kubelet to communicate with container
+runtimes. At the time of the CRI's release, Kubernetes supported only the Docker
+and rkt container runtimes. Kubernetes introduced the CRI to avoid needing
+provider specific code for each new container runtime.
+
+Since the CRI's release, the Kubelet only interacts with container runtimes via
+the CRI. For increasingly popular CRI implementations like containerd or CRI-O,
+the singular focus on the CRI poses no obstacles, as these container runtimes
+supported the CRI from the start. However, the Kubelet still needed a solution for
+Docker and rkt, in-tree runtimes which did not support the CRI. In-tree support
+for Rkt was deprecated, leaving only Docker as an issue.
+
+Ultimately, the Kubelet introduced the `dockershim` to address Docker's lack of
+CRI support. When a cluster operator chooses to use Docker as the container
+runtime, the Kubelet starts running the `dockershim` in a separate go
+routine within the main `kubelet` process; it is not currently possible to run
+the `dockershim` as a standalone binary/process. The `dockershim` supports the
+CRI, so the Kubelet communicates with `dockershim` as if it was any other remote
+container runtime implementing the CRI. The `dockershim` makes the appropriate
+calls to the Docker daemon via a heavy dependence on the `docker/docker` client library.
+
+The `docker/docker` client library is a particularly painful dependency because
+its pulls in code from many different open source libraries. For those managing
+k8s dependencies, it can be extremely difficult to keep up with the changes to
+all these dependencies. Additionally, all the open source libraries required by
+`docker/docker` bloat the Kubelet binary.
+
+## Returning to Motivation
+
+We can anticipate the following benefits from the Kubelet having no in-tree
+"Docker-specific" code and no dependency on the `docker/docker` Golang package.
+
+First, a dockerless Kubelet would truly treat all container runtimes the same.
+Second, the Kubelet's scope of responsibility would decrease: it would no longer
+be responsible for making Docker conform to the CRI. Finally, the painful
+`docker/docker` dependency would be gone.
+
+While the aforementioned benefits are desirable, they do not outweigh the cons
+of completely dropping support for Docker as a container runtime, as
+Docker remains popular. In order for Kubernetes
+to both support Docker as a container runtime, and for the Kubelet do have no
+in-tree "Docker-specific" code and no dependency on `docker/docker`, one of two
+following paths must be followed: either Docker must begin implementing the CRI natively
+or the `dockershim` must be moved out-of-tree into a standalone component.
+
+Clearly, both of these paths forward require significant work. Either effort would
+require finding an owner, making non-trivial code changes, and updating patterns
+of cluster management/operation.
+
+Faced with a hefty chunk of work, we naturally try to break it up into smaller
+components. This desire leads us to our second question: is supporting
+compiling a dockerless Kubelet an appropriate first step?
+
+We argue yes. First, the work to support compiling a dockerless Kubelet will
+be useful regardless of which path forward we chose. First, to compile a dockerless
+Kubelet we must consolidate all "Docker-specific" Kubelet code into specific
+locations, which are easier to move out-of-tree or delete entirely when the time comes. Furthermore,
+after this initial consolidation, we can create tooling to impose limitations on
+where "Docker-specific" code can/cannot live. Second, allowing developers to
+compile a dockerless Kubelet assists in testing either proposed solution.
+Finally, allowing compiling a dockerless Kubelet allows projects/cluster
+operators which already do not depend on Docker to obtain the dockerless
+Kubelet's benefits (i.e. smaller binaries) without waiting for the
+completion of the longer term projects to make Docker support the CRI or
+move `dockershim` out-of-tree.
+
+### Goals
+
+Our goals follow from our motivation:
+
+1. Support building Kubelet, from the `master` branch, without any "Docker-specific" code and without any
+   dependency on `docker/docker`. As mentioned
+   previously, we imagine the resulting binaries to be used to test the
+   different paths for deleting/moving out-of-tree all "Docker-specific" code.
+2. Draw clear delineations, with CI support, for what code in Kubelet can and
+   cannot be "Docker-specific" and depend on `docker/docker`.
+
+### Non-Goals
+
+Our non-goals also follow from our motivation:
+
+1. Either making Docker support the CRI or moving `dockershim` out-of-tree.
+2. Removing uses of the `docker/docker` Golang library outside of the Kubelet.
+3. Changing the official Kubernetes release builds.
+
+## Proposal
+
+We will undertake the following steps to obtain our goals. First, we will ensure
+that all "Docker-specific" code in the Kubelet lives in `dockershim`. Then, we
+will add a [build constraint](https://golang.org/pkg/go/build/#hdr-Build_Constraints)
+to the Kubelet for a pseudo "build tag" specifying not to include
+any in-tree "Docker-specific" code. If builds do not specify this build tag, the Go
+compiler will compile the Kubelet as normal. If we do, the Go compiler will
+compile the Kubelet without the "Docker-specific" code, and as a result, without
+the dependency on `docker/docker`. In other words, it will simulate the aforementioned
+code/dependency's removal.
+
+A prototype is available in [kubernetes/kubernetes#87746](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/87746).
+
+To ensure that this dockerless Kubelet continues to function we will add CI building in this mode,
+and CI running end to end tests against it (to be elaborated on in the test plan). Additionally, to
+ensure the Kubelet doesn't introduce new dependencies on the `docker/docker`
+Golang library, we will add automated tooling enforcing that only the
+`dockershim` can depend on `docker/docker`.
+
+One quick additional note - currently `cadvisor` also depends on the
+`docker/docker` client library. Since `kubelet` depends on `cadvisor`, the
+`kubelet` can not truly be rid of the `docker/docker` client library until `cadvisor` no
+longer depends on `docker/docker`. Work to remove the `docker/docker` dependency
+from `cadvisor` is being dealt with in separate workstreams.
+
+This proposal follows the previous patterns for similar work, namely the efforts
+of sig-cloud-provider to support [Building Without In-Tree Cloud Providers](/keps/sig-cloud-provider/20190729-building-without-in-tree-providers.md).
+
+### User Stories
+
+#### Story 1
+
+As a developer working to make Docker function like any other remote container
+runtime, I am attempting to validate that my proposed solution
+functions correctly. Using this dockerless build ensures the Kubelet contains no
+"Docker-specific" code, and any success/failures can be attributed to my
+implementation.
+
+#### Story 2
+
+As a Kubernetes developer/user, for example a maintainer of [kind](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind),
+I want to use Kubelet binaries which only contain the code I need. Since kind does not use
+Docker as its container runtime, compiling a dockerless Kubelet gives me a
+smaller binary.
+
+### Implementation Details/Notes/Constraints
+
+A couple high level notes (to be extended over time):
+
+- We implement this functionality using a synthetic `dockerless` tag in go build
+  constraints on relevant sources. If `GOFLAGS=-tags=dockerless` during build,
+  then "Docker-specific" code will be excluded from the Kubelet build. With no
+  "Docker-specific" code, we should also be excluding the dependency on
+  `docker/docker`.
+
+### Risks and Mitigations
+
+This feature is only developer facing, which removes a large class of risks.
+
+The largest remaining risk is that the build tags fall out of date, or are
+burdensome to continue updating, which leads to the dockerless Kubelet build
+breaking and/or being costly to maintain. This risk grows the longer the
+dockerless Kubelet exists (i.e. the longer it takes to move `dockershim` out of
+tree/have Docker support the CRI). Fortunately, these risks can be mitigated via
+the CI tooling discussed earlier.
+
+## Design Details
+
+### Test Plan
+
+**Note:** *Section not required until targeted at a release.*
+
+TBD
+
+### Graduation Criteria
+
+**Note:** *Section not required until targeted at a release.*
+
+TBD
+
+### Upgrade / Downgrade Strategy
+
+N/A
+
+### Version Skew Strategy
+
+N/A
+
+## Implementation History
+
+- original prototype [kubernetes/kubernetes#87746](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/87746)
+- original KEP PR [TBD]
+
+## Drawbacks
+
+One drawback is the opportunity cost of pursuing this workstream as opposed to
+other possible workstreams.
+
+Another drawback is the slight additional cost of the CI tooling we propose
+adding.
+
+## Alternatives
+
+One alternative would be to do nothing.
+
+Another alternative could be waiting to address "Docker-specific" code in the
+Kubelet until we have more momentum around one of the longer-term solutions
+discussed above. If we waited, we could delete "Docker-specific" code entirely,
+instead of just compiling without it.
+
+Finally, we could attempt to have a long-running branch in which all
+"Docker-specific" code has been deleted, instead of attempting to support
+compiling a dockerless Kubelet from master.