diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsc/JSCRuntime.cpp b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsc/JSCRuntime.cpp
index 7958519e683f6d..fea1d0bc2d33c7 100644
--- a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsc/JSCRuntime.cpp
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsc/JSCRuntime.cpp
@@ -1240,6 +1240,11 @@ jsi::Function JSCRuntime::createFunctionFromHostFunction(
         exceptionString += ex.what();
         *exception = makeError(rt, exceptionString);
         res = JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx);
+      } catch (const std::string &ex) {
+        std::string exceptionString("Exception in HostFunction: ");
+        exceptionString += ex;
+        *exception = makeError(rt, exceptionString);
+        res = JSValueMakeUndefined(ctx);
       } catch (...) {
         std::string exceptionString("Exception in HostFunction: <unknown>");
         *exception = makeError(rt, exceptionString);
diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/nativemodule/core/platform/android/ReactCommon/JavaTurboModule.cpp b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/nativemodule/core/platform/android/ReactCommon/JavaTurboModule.cpp
index 35fbba1af840be..39f5b30c27ebb3 100644
--- a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/nativemodule/core/platform/android/ReactCommon/JavaTurboModule.cpp
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/nativemodule/core/platform/android/ReactCommon/JavaTurboModule.cpp
@@ -400,6 +400,45 @@ jsi::Value convertFromJMapToValue(JNIEnv *env, jsi::Runtime &rt, jobject arg) {
   return jsi::valueFromDynamic(rt, result->cthis()->consume());
 }
 
+jsi::Value createJSRuntimeError(jsi::Runtime &runtime, const std::string& message)
+{
+    return runtime.global().getPropertyAsFunction(runtime, "Error").call(runtime, message);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates JSError with current JS runtime stack and Throwable stack trace.
+ */
+jsi::JSError convertThrowableToJSError(jsi::Runtime &runtime, jni::local_ref<jni::JThrowable> throwable)
+{
+  auto stackTrace = throwable->getStackTrace();
+
+  jsi::Array stackElements(runtime, stackTrace->size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < stackTrace->size(); ++i) {
+    auto frame = stackTrace->getElement(i);
+
+    jsi::Object frameObject(runtime);
+    frameObject.setProperty(runtime, "className", frame->getClassName());
+    frameObject.setProperty(runtime, "fileName", frame->getFileName());
+    frameObject.setProperty(runtime, "lineNumber", frame->getLineNumber());
+    frameObject.setProperty(runtime, "methodName", frame->getMethodName());
+    stackElements.setValueAtIndex(runtime, i, std::move(frameObject));
+  }
+
+  jsi::Object cause(runtime);
+  auto getName = throwable->getClass()->getClass()
+          ->getMethod<jni::local_ref<jni::JString>()>("getName");
+  auto getMessage = throwable->getClass()
+          ->getMethod<jni::local_ref<jni::JString>()>("getMessage");
+  auto message = getMessage(throwable)->toStdString();
+  cause.setProperty(runtime, "name", getName(throwable->getClass())->toStdString());
+  cause.setProperty(runtime, "message", message);
+  cause.setProperty(runtime, "stackElements", std::move(stackElements));
+
+  jsi::Value error = createJSRuntimeError(runtime, "Exception in HostFunction: " + message);
+  error.asObject(runtime).setProperty(runtime, "cause", std::move(cause));
+  return {runtime, std::move(error)};
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 jsi::Value JavaTurboModule::invokeJavaMethod(
@@ -467,7 +506,9 @@ jsi::Value JavaTurboModule::invokeJavaMethod(
       } else {
         TMPL::asyncMethodCallFail(moduleName, methodName);
       }
-      throw;
+      auto exception = std::current_exception();
+      auto throwable = jni::getJavaExceptionForCppException(exception);
+      throw convertThrowableToJSError(runtime, throwable);
     }
   };
 
diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/nativemodule/core/platform/ios/ReactCommon/RCTTurboModule.mm b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/nativemodule/core/platform/ios/ReactCommon/RCTTurboModule.mm
index 7a1ca33ccc2213..5abf81b57fade0 100644
--- a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/nativemodule/core/platform/ios/ReactCommon/RCTTurboModule.mm
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/nativemodule/core/platform/ios/ReactCommon/RCTTurboModule.mm
@@ -211,6 +211,29 @@ static int32_t getUniqueId()
   return [callback copy];
 }
 
+static jsi::Value createJSRuntimeError(jsi::Runtime &runtime, const std::string& message)
+{
+  return runtime.global().getPropertyAsFunction(runtime, "Error").call(runtime, message);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates JSError with current JS runtime and NSException stack trace.
+ */
+static jsi::JSError convertNSExceptionToJSError(jsi::Runtime &runtime, NSException *exception)
+{
+  std::string reason = [exception.reason UTF8String];
+  
+  jsi::Object cause(runtime);
+  cause.setProperty(runtime, "name", [exception.name UTF8String]);
+  cause.setProperty(runtime, "message", reason);
+  cause.setProperty(runtime, "stackSymbols", convertNSArrayToJSIArray(runtime, exception.callStackSymbols));
+  cause.setProperty(runtime, "stackReturnAddresses", convertNSArrayToJSIArray(runtime, exception.callStackReturnAddresses));
+
+  jsi::Value error = createJSRuntimeError(runtime, "Exception in HostFunction: " + reason);
+  error.asObject(runtime).setProperty(runtime, "cause", std::move(cause));
+  return {runtime, std::move(error)};
+}
+
 namespace facebook::react {
 
 jsi::Value ObjCTurboModule::createPromise(jsi::Runtime &runtime, std::string methodName, PromiseInvocationBlock invoke)
@@ -376,9 +399,13 @@ static int32_t getUniqueId()
       TurboModulePerfLogger::asyncMethodCallExecutionStart(moduleName, methodNameStr.c_str(), asyncCallCounter);
     }
 
-    // TODO(T66699874) Should we guard this with a try/catch?
-    [inv invokeWithTarget:strongModule];
-    [retainedObjectsForInvocation removeAllObjects];
+    @try {
+      [inv invokeWithTarget:strongModule];
+    } @catch (NSException *exception) {
+      throw convertNSExceptionToJSError(runtime, exception);
+    } @finally {
+      [retainedObjectsForInvocation removeAllObjects];
+    }
 
     if (!wasMethodSync) {
       TurboModulePerfLogger::asyncMethodCallExecutionEnd(moduleName, methodNameStr.c_str(), asyncCallCounter);