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#4 #5 #329 实验四五:类建模
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students/1714080902529/lab45.md

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# 实验四五:类建模、高级类建模
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## 一、实验目标
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1.掌握类建模方法
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2.了解MVC或个人所熟悉的设计模式
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3.掌握类图(Class Diagram)的画法
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4.理解类的5种关系
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5.掌握类之间关系的画法
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## 二、实验内容
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1.学习类的概念以及类建模方法
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2.学习类的5种关系
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3.学习MVC设计模式
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4.绘制类图
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## 三、学习笔记
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1.What is a class?
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- It has an identity.
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- A class is a type of something.
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- Attributes and operations are the mainstays of a class's description.(属性与操作)
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2.At its simplest,a class in UML is drawn as a rectangle split into up to three sections.(用尖角矩形表示)
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- The top section contains the name of the class.(名称)
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- The middle section contains the attributes or information that the class contains.(属性)
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- The final section contains the operations that represent the behavior that the class exhibits.(操作)
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3.UML's four different visibility classifications.
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- Public、Protected、Package、Private.
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4.Class relationships.(It's better to build a weak class relationship——低耦合)
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- Dependency:When objects of one class work briefly with objects of another class.(Weaker class relationship)
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- Association.(联合)
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- Aggregation.(聚合)
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- Composition.(组合)
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- Inheritance:When one class is a type of another class.(stronger class relationship)
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5.MVC Design Pattern
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- Model.(模型、实体、数据)
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- View.(视图、界面)
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- Control.(控制器、系统)
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## 四、实验步骤
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1.在类图中增加Control类(发放优惠券控制器和领取优惠券控制器)
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2.在类图中增加View类(优惠券的信息填写页面和已发放优惠券的信息页面)
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3.根据用例规约提取出各类信息、数据
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4.将提取出的信息、数据抽象成类,作为MVC设计模式中的Model
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5.在类图中增加Model类
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6.设计各Model类之间的关系
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## 五、实验结果
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![活动图](./Send_MVC_ClassDiagram.jpg)
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图1:发放优惠券的类图
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![活动图](./Receive_MVC_ClassDiagram.jpg)
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图2:领取优惠券的类图
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## 六、实验总结
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通过这一次实验,我学习了类的基本概念、类建模方法、类之间的关系以及MVC设计模式。在画类图的过程中,我认为最重要的是要把用例规约中的各类信息、数据找出来,并抽象成一个类,最后还要考虑这些类之间是否存在着某种关系。从MVC设计模式角度来看,主要就是要找出Model以及Model之间的关系。如果能把这些理清楚,那么类图就基本没什么问题了。

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