diff --git a/src/transformers/cache_utils.py b/src/transformers/cache_utils.py
index 4e4a1ee26c12..0f696cc3ac6a 100644
--- a/src/transformers/cache_utils.py
+++ b/src/transformers/cache_utils.py
@@ -1475,11 +1475,7 @@ def from_legacy_cache(
     def get_seq_length(self, layer_idx: Optional[int] = 0) -> int:
         """Returns the sequence length of the cached states. A layer index can be optionally passed."""
         # check if empty list because in case of static cache it will be a tensors and we can't check `if not torch.Tensor`
-        if self.self_attention_cache.key_cache == []:
-            return 0
-        if len(self.self_attention_cache.key_cache) > 1 and self.self_attention_cache.key_cache[layer_idx] == []:
-            return 0
-        return (self.self_attention_cache.key_cache[layer_idx][0, 0].any(dim=-1)).sum()
+        return self.self_attention_cache.get_seq_length(layer_idx)
 
     def reset(self):
         if hasattr(self.self_attention_cache, "reset"):
diff --git a/src/transformers/generation/utils.py b/src/transformers/generation/utils.py
index 9ede527ecb7b..c399a8a2c829 100644
--- a/src/transformers/generation/utils.py
+++ b/src/transformers/generation/utils.py
@@ -1535,8 +1535,12 @@ def _prepare_generation_config(
     def _get_initial_cache_position(self, input_ids, model_kwargs):
         """Calculates `cache_position` for the pre-fill stage based on `input_ids` and optionally past length"""
         # `torch.compile`-friendly `torch.arange` from a shape -- the lines below are equivalent to `torch.arange`
-        if "inputs_embeds" in model_kwargs:
+        if "inputs_embeds" in model_kwargs and not self.config.is_encoder_decoder:
             cache_position = torch.ones_like(model_kwargs["inputs_embeds"][0, :, 0], dtype=torch.int64).cumsum(0) - 1
+        elif "decoder_inputs_embeds" in model_kwargs and self.config.is_encoder_decoder:
+            cache_position = (
+                torch.ones_like(model_kwargs["decoder_inputs_embeds"][0, :, 0], dtype=torch.int64).cumsum(0) - 1
+            )
         else:
             cache_position = torch.ones_like(input_ids[0, :], dtype=torch.int64).cumsum(0) - 1
 
@@ -1633,7 +1637,7 @@ def get_layer_device_map(execution_device_map: Optional[dict] = None):
 
             cache_kwargs = {
                 "config": self.config.get_text_config(),
-                "max_batch_size": batch_size,
+                "batch_size": batch_size,
                 "max_cache_len": max_cache_len,
                 "device": device,
                 "dtype": cache_dtype,
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/longt5/configuration_longt5.py b/src/transformers/models/longt5/configuration_longt5.py
index 0e541ae2a1b4..b6e7d21b3d67 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/longt5/configuration_longt5.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/longt5/configuration_longt5.py
@@ -79,7 +79,12 @@ class LongT5Config(PretrainedConfig):
 
     model_type = "longt5"
     keys_to_ignore_at_inference = ["past_key_values"]
-    attribute_map = {"hidden_size": "d_model", "num_attention_heads": "num_heads", "num_hidden_layers": "num_layers"}
+    attribute_map = {
+        "hidden_size": "d_model",
+        "num_attention_heads": "num_heads",
+        "num_hidden_layers": "num_layers",
+        "head_dim": "d_kv",
+    }
 
     def __init__(
         self,
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/longt5/modeling_longt5.py b/src/transformers/models/longt5/modeling_longt5.py
index d351e798ac7f..29536d9ad6f2 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/longt5/modeling_longt5.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/longt5/modeling_longt5.py
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, EncoderDecoderCache, StaticCache
 from ...generation import GenerationMixin
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
 from ...modeling_outputs import (
     BaseModelOutput,
     BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
     is_torch_fx_proxy,
+    is_torchdynamo_compiling,
     logging,
     replace_return_docstrings,
 )
@@ -317,7 +320,12 @@ def forward(self, hidden_states):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Attention with T5->LongT5
 class LongT5Attention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config: LongT5Config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: LongT5Config,
+        has_relative_attention_bias=False,
+        layer_idx: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
@@ -328,6 +336,13 @@ def __init__(self, config: LongT5Config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
         self.n_heads = config.num_heads
         self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
         self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None and self.is_decoder:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating a decoder {self.__class__.__name__} without passing `layer_idx` is not recommended and "
+                "will to errors during the forward call, if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
 
         # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
         self.q = nn.Linear(self.d_model, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
@@ -404,11 +419,14 @@ def _relative_position_bucket(relative_position, bidirectional=True, num_buckets
         relative_buckets += torch.where(is_small, relative_position, relative_position_if_large)
         return relative_buckets
 
-    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None):
+    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None, cache_position=None):
         """Compute binned relative position bias"""
         if device is None:
             device = self.relative_attention_bias.weight.device
-        context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        if cache_position is None:
+            context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        else:
+            context_position = cache_position[:, None].to(device)
         memory_position = torch.arange(key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[None, :]
         relative_position = memory_position - context_position  # shape (query_length, key_length)
         relative_position_bucket = self._relative_position_bucket(
@@ -432,94 +450,72 @@ def forward(
         query_length=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         """
         Self-attention (if key_value_states is None) or attention over source sentence (provided by key_value_states).
         """
         # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
-        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
-        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
+        # Mask is (batch_size, 1, 1, key_length) (non-causal encoder) or (batch_size, 1, seq_length, key_length) (causal decoder)
         batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]
 
-        real_seq_length = seq_length
+        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None
 
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if len(past_key_value) != 2:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"past_key_value should have 2 past states: keys and values. Got { len(past_key_value)} past states"
-                )
-            real_seq_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2] if query_length is None else query_length
+        query_states = self.q(hidden_states)
+        query_states = query_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
-        key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]
-
-        def shape(states):
-            """projection"""
-            return states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            is_updated = past_key_value.is_updated.get(self.layer_idx)
+            if is_cross_attention:
+                # after the first generated id, we can subsequently re-use all key/value_states from cache
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.cross_attention_cache
+            else:
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.self_attention_cache
 
-        def unshape(states):
-            """reshape"""
-            return states.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
-
-        def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
-            """projects hidden states correctly to key/query states"""
-            if key_value_states is None:
-                # self-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(hidden_states))
-            elif past_key_value is None:
-                # cross-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
+        current_states = key_value_states if is_cross_attention else hidden_states
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value is not None and is_updated:
+            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
+            key_states = curr_past_key_value.key_cache[self.layer_idx]
+            value_states = curr_past_key_value.value_cache[self.layer_idx]
+        else:
+            key_states = self.k(current_states)
+            value_states = self.v(current_states)
+            key_states = key_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            value_states = value_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
             if past_key_value is not None:
-                if key_value_states is None:
-                    # self-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, key_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = torch.cat([past_key_value, hidden_states], dim=2)
-                elif past_key_value.shape[2] != key_value_states.shape[1]:
-                    # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
-                    # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
-                    # cross-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
-                else:
-                    # cross-attn
-                    hidden_states = past_key_value
-            return hidden_states
-
-        # get query states
-        query_states = shape(self.q(hidden_states))  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-
-        # get key/value states
-        key_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.k, key_value_states, past_key_value[0] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
-        value_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.v, key_value_states, past_key_value[1] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
+                # save all key/value_states to cache to be re-used for fast auto-regressive generation
+                cache_position = cache_position if not is_cross_attention else None
+                key_states, value_states = curr_past_key_value.update(
+                    key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx, {"cache_position": cache_position}
+                )
+                # set flag that curr layer for cross-attn is already updated so we can re-use in subsequent calls
+                if is_cross_attention:
+                    past_key_value.is_updated[self.layer_idx] = True
 
-        # compute scores
-        scores = torch.matmul(
-            query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2)
-        )  # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        # compute scores, equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))
 
         if position_bias is None:
+            key_length = key_states.shape[-2]
+            # cache position is 0-indexed so we add 1 to get the real length of queries (aka with past)
+            real_seq_length = query_length if query_length is not None else cache_position[-1] + 1
             if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
                 position_bias = torch.zeros(
-                    (1, self.n_heads, real_seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
+                    (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
                 )
                 if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                     position_bias.requires_grad = True
             else:
-                position_bias = self.compute_bias(real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device)
-
-            # if key and values are already calculated
-            # we want only the last query position bias
-            if past_key_value is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]
+                position_bias = self.compute_bias(
+                    real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device, cache_position=cache_position
+                )
+                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -seq_length:, :]
 
             if mask is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias + mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+                causal_mask = mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+                position_bias = position_bias + causal_mask
 
         if self.pruned_heads:
             mask = torch.ones(position_bias.shape[1])
@@ -529,22 +525,22 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
             position_bias_masked = position_bias
 
         scores += position_bias_masked
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(
-            scores
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(
-            attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+
+        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(scores)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
 
         # Mask heads if we want to
         if layer_head_mask is not None:
             attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask
 
-        attn_output = unshape(torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states))  # (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
         attn_output = self.o(attn_output)
 
-        present_key_value_state = (key_states, value_states) if (self.is_decoder and use_cache) else None
-        outputs = (attn_output,) + (present_key_value_state,) + (position_bias,)
+        outputs = (attn_output, past_key_value, position_bias)
 
         if output_attentions:
             outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
@@ -1008,9 +1004,11 @@ def unshape(states):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerSelfAttention with T5->LongT5
 class LongT5LayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.SelfAttention = LongT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
+        self.SelfAttention = LongT5Attention(
+            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+        )
         self.layer_norm = LongT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -1023,6 +1021,7 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.SelfAttention(
@@ -1033,6 +1032,7 @@ def forward(
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -1042,7 +1042,7 @@ def forward(
 class LongT5LayerLocalSelfAttention(nn.Module):
     """Local self attention used in encoder"""
 
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.LocalSelfAttention = LongT5LocalAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
         self.layer_norm = LongT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ def forward(
 class LongT5LayerTransientGlobalSelfAttention(nn.Module):
     """Transient-Global self attention used in encoder"""
 
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.TransientGlobalSelfAttention = LongT5TransientGlobalAttention(
             config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias
@@ -1105,9 +1105,9 @@ def forward(
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerCrossAttention with T5->LongT5
 class LongT5LayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.EncDecAttention = LongT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
+        self.EncDecAttention = LongT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx=layer_idx)
         self.layer_norm = LongT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -1122,6 +1122,7 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         query_length=None,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.EncDecAttention(
@@ -1134,6 +1135,7 @@ def forward(
             use_cache=use_cache,
             query_length=query_length,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -1141,7 +1143,7 @@ def forward(
 
 
 class LongT5Block(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         if config.is_decoder:
@@ -1156,9 +1158,11 @@ def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
                 f"but got {config.encoder_attention_type}."
             )
         self.layer = nn.ModuleList()
-        self.layer.append(attention_layer(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias))
+        self.layer.append(
+            attention_layer(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx)
+        )
         if self.is_decoder:
-            self.layer.append(LongT5LayerCrossAttention(config))
+            self.layer.append(LongT5LayerCrossAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx))
 
         self.layer.append(LongT5LayerFF(config))
 
@@ -1176,34 +1180,19 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
         return_dict=True,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if not self.is_decoder:
-                logger.warning("`past_key_values` is passed to the encoder. Please make sure this is intended.")
-            expected_num_past_key_values = 2 if encoder_hidden_states is None else 4
-
-            if len(past_key_value) != expected_num_past_key_values:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"There should be {expected_num_past_key_values} past states. "
-                    f"{'2 (past / key) for cross attention. ' if expected_num_past_key_values == 4 else ''}"
-                    f"Got {len(past_key_value)} past key / value states"
-                )
-
-            self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2]
-            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[2:]
-        else:
-            self_attn_past_key_value, cross_attn_past_key_value = None, None
-
         self_attention_outputs = self.layer[0](
             hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             position_bias=position_bias,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
-            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
-        hidden_states, present_key_value_state = self_attention_outputs[:2]
+        hidden_states, past_key_value = self_attention_outputs[:2]
         attention_outputs = self_attention_outputs[2:]  # Keep self-attention outputs and relative position weights
 
         # clamp inf values to enable fp16 inference - check https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/19229/
@@ -1213,35 +1202,25 @@ def forward(
 
         do_cross_attention = self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None
         if do_cross_attention:
-            # the actual query length is unknown for cross attention
-            # if using past key value states. Need to inject it here
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                query_length = present_key_value_state[0].shape[2]
-            else:
-                query_length = None
-
             cross_attention_outputs = self.layer[1](
                 hidden_states,
                 key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                 position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                 layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
-                query_length=query_length,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                query_length=cache_position[-1] + 1,
                 use_cache=use_cache,
                 output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                cache_position=cache_position,
             )
-            hidden_states = cross_attention_outputs[0]
+            hidden_states, past_key_value = cross_attention_outputs[:2]
 
             # clamp inf values to enable fp16 inference - check https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/19229/
             if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16 and torch.isinf(hidden_states).any():
                 clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
                 hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
-            # Combine self attn and cross attn key value states
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                present_key_value_state = present_key_value_state + cross_attention_outputs[1]
-
             # Keep cross-attention outputs and relative position weights
             attention_outputs = attention_outputs + cross_attention_outputs[2:]
 
@@ -1256,7 +1235,7 @@ def forward(
         outputs = (hidden_states,)
 
         if use_cache:
-            outputs = outputs + (present_key_value_state,) + attention_outputs
+            outputs = outputs + (past_key_value,) + attention_outputs
         else:
             outputs = outputs + attention_outputs
 
@@ -1273,6 +1252,8 @@ class LongT5PreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     base_model_prefix = "transformer"
     supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
     _no_split_modules = ["LongT5Block"]
+    _supports_cache_class = True
+    _supports_static_cache = False  # TODO: @raushan more involved due to local/global attn
 
     @property
     # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5PreTrainedModel.dummy_inputs
@@ -1376,7 +1357,10 @@ def __init__(self, config, embed_tokens=None):
         self.block_len = self.local_radius + 1
 
         self.block = nn.ModuleList(
-            [LongT5Block(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0)) for i in range(config.num_layers)]
+            [
+                LongT5Block(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0), layer_idx=i)
+                for i in range(config.num_layers)
+            ]
         )
         self.final_layer_norm = LongT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
@@ -1408,6 +1392,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions=None,
         output_hidden_states=None,
         return_dict=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
         output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
@@ -1430,36 +1415,65 @@ def forward(
             err_msg_prefix = "decoder_" if self.is_decoder else ""
             raise ValueError(f"You have to specify either {err_msg_prefix}input_ids or {err_msg_prefix}inputs_embeds")
 
+        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+            if use_cache:
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
+                )
+                use_cache = False
+
         if inputs_embeds is None:
             assert self.embed_tokens is not None, "You have to initialize the model with valid token embeddings"
             inputs_embeds = self.embed_tokens(input_ids)
 
         batch_size, seq_length = input_shape
 
-        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
-        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
-
-        if use_cache is True:
-            assert self.is_decoder, f"`use_cache` can only be set to `True` if {self} is used as a decoder"
+        # initialize past_key_values
+        return_legacy_cache = False
+        return_self_attention_cache = False
+        if self.is_decoder and (use_cache or past_key_values is not None):
+            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache) and not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_self_attention_cache = True
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(past_key_values, DynamicCache())
+            elif not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_legacy_cache = True
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "Passing a tuple of `past_key_values` is deprecated and will be removed in Transformers v4.48.0. "
+                    "You should pass an instance of `EncoderDecoderCache` instead, e.g. "
+                    "`past_key_values=EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)`."
+                )
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
+            elif past_key_values is None:
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(DynamicCache(), DynamicCache())
+        elif not self.is_decoder:
+            # do not pass cache object down the line for encoder stack
+            # it messes indexing later in decoder-stack because cache object is modified in-place
+            past_key_values = None
+
+        past_key_values_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(
+                past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device
+            )
 
-        if attention_mask is None:
+        if attention_mask is None and not is_torchdynamo_compiling():
+            # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
+            mask_seq_length = past_key_values_length + seq_length
             attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
 
-        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
-        if past_key_values is None:
-            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.block)
-
-        # We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
-        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
-        # We use local attention in encoder self-attention, otherwise standard self & cross attentions are used
         if self.is_decoder:
-            extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(
-                attention_mask, input_shape, inputs_embeds.device
+            causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds,
+                cache_position,
+                past_key_values.self_attention_cache if past_key_values is not None else None,
+                output_attentions,
             )
+        # We use local attention in encoder self-attention, otherwise standard self & cross attentions are used
         elif self.config.encoder_attention_type == "local":
-            extended_attention_mask = _get_local_attention_mask(attention_mask, self.block_len, inputs_embeds.device)
+            causal_mask = _get_local_attention_mask(attention_mask, self.block_len, inputs_embeds.device)
         else:  # we need to use both local attention mask and standard extended mask for transient-global attention
-            extended_attention_mask = attention_mask
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
 
         # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
         # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
@@ -1472,17 +1486,9 @@ def forward(
         else:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = None
 
-        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
-            if use_cache:
-                logger.warning_once(
-                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
-                )
-                use_cache = False
-
         # Prepare head mask if needed
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
         cross_attn_head_mask = self.get_head_mask(cross_attn_head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
-        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
         all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
         all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
         all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions and self.is_decoder) else None
@@ -1491,7 +1497,7 @@ def forward(
 
         hidden_states = self.dropout(inputs_embeds)
 
-        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.block, past_key_values)):
+        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.block):
             layer_head_mask = head_mask[i]
             cross_attn_layer_head_mask = cross_attn_head_mask[i]
 
@@ -1502,7 +1508,7 @@ def forward(
                 layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                     layer_module.forward,
                     hidden_states,
-                    extended_attention_mask,
+                    causal_mask,
                     position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_extended_attention_mask,
@@ -1512,20 +1518,24 @@ def forward(
                     None,  # past_key_value is always None with gradient checkpointing
                     use_cache,
                     output_attentions,
+                    return_dict,
+                    cache_position,
                 )
             else:
                 layer_outputs = layer_module(
                     hidden_states,
-                    attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
+                    attention_mask=causal_mask,
                     position_bias=position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                     encoder_decoder_position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                     layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                     cross_attn_layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                    past_key_value=past_key_values,
                     use_cache=use_cache,
                     output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                    return_dict=return_dict,
+                    cache_position=cache_position,
                 )
 
             # layer_outputs is a tuple with:
@@ -1533,7 +1543,7 @@ def forward(
             if use_cache is False:
                 layer_outputs = layer_outputs[:1] + (None,) + layer_outputs[1:]
 
-            hidden_states, present_key_value_state = layer_outputs[:2]
+            hidden_states, next_decoder_cache = layer_outputs[:2]
 
             # We share the position biases between the layers - the first layer store them
             # layer_outputs = hidden-states, key-value-states (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights),
@@ -1541,9 +1551,6 @@ def forward(
             position_bias = layer_outputs[2]
             if self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                 encoder_decoder_position_bias = layer_outputs[4 if output_attentions else 3]
-            # append next layer key value states
-            if use_cache:
-                present_key_value_states = present_key_value_states + (present_key_value_state,)
 
             if output_attentions:
                 all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[3],)
@@ -1557,12 +1564,18 @@ def forward(
         if output_hidden_states:
             all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
 
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+        if return_self_attention_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.self_attention_cache
+        if return_legacy_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.to_legacy_cache()
+
         if not return_dict:
             return tuple(
                 v
                 for v in [
                     hidden_states,
-                    present_key_value_states,
+                    next_cache,
                     all_hidden_states,
                     all_attentions,
                     all_cross_attentions,
@@ -1571,12 +1584,135 @@ def forward(
             )
         return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
             last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
-            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
             hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
             attentions=all_attentions,
             cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
         )
 
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(
+        self,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        input_tensor: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        past_key_values: Cache,
+        output_attentions: bool,
+    ):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        # For SDPA, when possible, we will rely on its `is_causal` argument instead of its `attn_mask` argument, in
+        # order to dispatch on Flash Attention 2. This feature is not compatible with static cache, as SDPA will fail
+        # to infer the attention mask.
+        past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        using_static_cache = isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache)
+
+        # When output attentions is True, sdpa implementation's forward method calls the eager implementation's forward
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and not using_static_cache and not output_attentions:
+            if AttentionMaskConverter._ignore_causal_mask_sdpa(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds=input_tensor,
+                past_key_values_length=past_seen_tokens,
+                is_training=self.training,
+            ):
+                return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        if using_static_cache:
+            target_length = past_key_values.get_max_cache_shape()
+        else:
+            target_length = (
+                attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor)
+                else past_seen_tokens + sequence_length + 1
+            )
+
+        # In case the provided `attention` mask is 2D, we generate a causal mask here (4D).
+        causal_mask = self._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+            attention_mask,
+            sequence_length=sequence_length,
+            target_length=target_length,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            device=device,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            batch_size=input_tensor.shape[0],
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+            and not output_attentions
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    @staticmethod
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaPreTrainedModel._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position
+    def _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        sequence_length: int,
+        target_length: int,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        device: torch.device,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        batch_size: int,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a causal 4D mask of shape `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)` from a 2D mask of shape
+        `(batch_size, key_value_length)`, or if the input `attention_mask` is already 4D, do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
+                A 2D attention mask of shape `(batch_size, key_value_length)` or a 4D attention mask of shape
+                `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)`.
+            sequence_length (`int`):
+                The sequence length being processed.
+            target_length (`int`):
+                The target length: when generating with static cache, the mask should be as long as the static cache,
+                to account for the 0 padding, the part of the cache that is not filled yet.
+            dtype (`torch.dtype`):
+                The dtype to use for the 4D attention mask.
+            device (`torch.device`):
+                The device to plcae the 4D attention mask on.
+            cache_position (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence.
+            batch_size (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Batch size.
+        """
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.dim() == 4:
+            # In this case we assume that the mask comes already in inverted form and requires no inversion or slicing.
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
+        else:
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = torch.full(
+                (sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device
+            )
+            if sequence_length != 1:
+                causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+            causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(batch_size, 1, -1, -1)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] + attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+                padding_mask = padding_mask == 0
+                causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length].masked_fill(
+                    padding_mask, min_dtype
+                )
+
+        return causal_mask
+
 
 LONGT5_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
 
@@ -1693,6 +1829,9 @@ def forward(
             more detail.
         return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
             Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. It is used to update the
+            cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
 """
 
 LONGT5_ENCODER_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
@@ -1817,6 +1956,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqModelOutput]:
         r"""
         Returns:
@@ -1883,6 +2023,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         if not return_dict:
@@ -1975,6 +2116,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqLMOutput]:
         r"""
         labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
@@ -2050,6 +2192,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         sequence_output = decoder_outputs[0]
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/mt5/configuration_mt5.py b/src/transformers/models/mt5/configuration_mt5.py
index ef629718b1b5..267179f81247 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/mt5/configuration_mt5.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/mt5/configuration_mt5.py
@@ -72,7 +72,12 @@ class MT5Config(PretrainedConfig):
 
     model_type = "mt5"
     keys_to_ignore_at_inference = ["past_key_values"]
-    attribute_map = {"hidden_size": "d_model", "num_attention_heads": "num_heads", "num_hidden_layers": "num_layers"}
+    attribute_map = {
+        "hidden_size": "d_model",
+        "num_attention_heads": "num_heads",
+        "num_hidden_layers": "num_layers",
+        "head_dim": "d_kv",
+    }
 
     def __init__(
         self,
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/mt5/modeling_mt5.py b/src/transformers/models/mt5/modeling_mt5.py
index 9051414d7414..659a84c5fe37 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/mt5/modeling_mt5.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/mt5/modeling_mt5.py
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@
 from torch.nn import BCEWithLogitsLoss, CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, EncoderDecoderCache, StaticCache
 from ...generation import GenerationMixin
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
 from ...modeling_outputs import (
     BaseModelOutput,
     BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
     is_torch_fx_proxy,
+    is_torchdynamo_compiling,
     logging,
     replace_return_docstrings,
 )
@@ -214,7 +217,12 @@ def forward(self, hidden_states):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Attention with T5->MT5
 class MT5Attention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config: MT5Config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: MT5Config,
+        has_relative_attention_bias=False,
+        layer_idx: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
@@ -225,6 +233,13 @@ def __init__(self, config: MT5Config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
         self.n_heads = config.num_heads
         self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
         self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None and self.is_decoder:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating a decoder {self.__class__.__name__} without passing `layer_idx` is not recommended and "
+                "will to errors during the forward call, if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
 
         # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
         self.q = nn.Linear(self.d_model, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
@@ -301,11 +316,14 @@ def _relative_position_bucket(relative_position, bidirectional=True, num_buckets
         relative_buckets += torch.where(is_small, relative_position, relative_position_if_large)
         return relative_buckets
 
-    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None):
+    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None, cache_position=None):
         """Compute binned relative position bias"""
         if device is None:
             device = self.relative_attention_bias.weight.device
-        context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        if cache_position is None:
+            context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        else:
+            context_position = cache_position[:, None].to(device)
         memory_position = torch.arange(key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[None, :]
         relative_position = memory_position - context_position  # shape (query_length, key_length)
         relative_position_bucket = self._relative_position_bucket(
@@ -329,94 +347,72 @@ def forward(
         query_length=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         """
         Self-attention (if key_value_states is None) or attention over source sentence (provided by key_value_states).
         """
         # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
-        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
-        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
+        # Mask is (batch_size, 1, 1, key_length) (non-causal encoder) or (batch_size, 1, seq_length, key_length) (causal decoder)
         batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]
 
-        real_seq_length = seq_length
+        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None
 
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if len(past_key_value) != 2:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"past_key_value should have 2 past states: keys and values. Got { len(past_key_value)} past states"
-                )
-            real_seq_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2] if query_length is None else query_length
-
-        key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]
-
-        def shape(states):
-            """projection"""
-            return states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        query_states = self.q(hidden_states)
+        query_states = query_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
-        def unshape(states):
-            """reshape"""
-            return states.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            is_updated = past_key_value.is_updated.get(self.layer_idx)
+            if is_cross_attention:
+                # after the first generated id, we can subsequently re-use all key/value_states from cache
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.cross_attention_cache
+            else:
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.self_attention_cache
 
-        def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
-            """projects hidden states correctly to key/query states"""
-            if key_value_states is None:
-                # self-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(hidden_states))
-            elif past_key_value is None:
-                # cross-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
+        current_states = key_value_states if is_cross_attention else hidden_states
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value is not None and is_updated:
+            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
+            key_states = curr_past_key_value.key_cache[self.layer_idx]
+            value_states = curr_past_key_value.value_cache[self.layer_idx]
+        else:
+            key_states = self.k(current_states)
+            value_states = self.v(current_states)
+            key_states = key_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            value_states = value_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
             if past_key_value is not None:
-                if key_value_states is None:
-                    # self-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, key_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = torch.cat([past_key_value, hidden_states], dim=2)
-                elif past_key_value.shape[2] != key_value_states.shape[1]:
-                    # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
-                    # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
-                    # cross-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
-                else:
-                    # cross-attn
-                    hidden_states = past_key_value
-            return hidden_states
-
-        # get query states
-        query_states = shape(self.q(hidden_states))  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-
-        # get key/value states
-        key_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.k, key_value_states, past_key_value[0] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
-        value_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.v, key_value_states, past_key_value[1] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
+                # save all key/value_states to cache to be re-used for fast auto-regressive generation
+                cache_position = cache_position if not is_cross_attention else None
+                key_states, value_states = curr_past_key_value.update(
+                    key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx, {"cache_position": cache_position}
+                )
+                # set flag that curr layer for cross-attn is already updated so we can re-use in subsequent calls
+                if is_cross_attention:
+                    past_key_value.is_updated[self.layer_idx] = True
 
-        # compute scores
-        scores = torch.matmul(
-            query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2)
-        )  # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        # compute scores, equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))
 
         if position_bias is None:
+            key_length = key_states.shape[-2]
+            # cache position is 0-indexed so we add 1 to get the real length of queries (aka with past)
+            real_seq_length = query_length if query_length is not None else cache_position[-1] + 1
             if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
                 position_bias = torch.zeros(
-                    (1, self.n_heads, real_seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
+                    (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
                 )
                 if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                     position_bias.requires_grad = True
             else:
-                position_bias = self.compute_bias(real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device)
-
-            # if key and values are already calculated
-            # we want only the last query position bias
-            if past_key_value is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]
+                position_bias = self.compute_bias(
+                    real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device, cache_position=cache_position
+                )
+                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -seq_length:, :]
 
             if mask is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias + mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+                causal_mask = mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+                position_bias = position_bias + causal_mask
 
         if self.pruned_heads:
             mask = torch.ones(position_bias.shape[1])
@@ -426,22 +422,22 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
             position_bias_masked = position_bias
 
         scores += position_bias_masked
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(
-            scores
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(
-            attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+
+        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(scores)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
 
         # Mask heads if we want to
         if layer_head_mask is not None:
             attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask
 
-        attn_output = unshape(torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states))  # (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
         attn_output = self.o(attn_output)
 
-        present_key_value_state = (key_states, value_states) if (self.is_decoder and use_cache) else None
-        outputs = (attn_output,) + (present_key_value_state,) + (position_bias,)
+        outputs = (attn_output, past_key_value, position_bias)
 
         if output_attentions:
             outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
@@ -450,9 +446,11 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerSelfAttention with T5->MT5
 class MT5LayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.SelfAttention = MT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
+        self.SelfAttention = MT5Attention(
+            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+        )
         self.layer_norm = MT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -465,6 +463,7 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.SelfAttention(
@@ -475,6 +474,7 @@ def forward(
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -483,9 +483,9 @@ def forward(
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerCrossAttention with T5->MT5
 class MT5LayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.EncDecAttention = MT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
+        self.EncDecAttention = MT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx=layer_idx)
         self.layer_norm = MT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         query_length=None,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.EncDecAttention(
@@ -512,6 +513,7 @@ def forward(
             use_cache=use_cache,
             query_length=query_length,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -520,13 +522,15 @@ def forward(
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Block with T5->MT5
 class MT5Block(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.layer = nn.ModuleList()
-        self.layer.append(MT5LayerSelfAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias))
+        self.layer.append(
+            MT5LayerSelfAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx)
+        )
         if self.is_decoder:
-            self.layer.append(MT5LayerCrossAttention(config))
+            self.layer.append(MT5LayerCrossAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx))
 
         self.layer.append(MT5LayerFF(config))
 
@@ -544,34 +548,19 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
         return_dict=True,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if not self.is_decoder:
-                logger.warning("`past_key_values` is passed to the encoder. Please make sure this is intended.")
-            expected_num_past_key_values = 2 if encoder_hidden_states is None else 4
-
-            if len(past_key_value) != expected_num_past_key_values:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"There should be {expected_num_past_key_values} past states. "
-                    f"{'2 (key / value) for cross attention. ' if expected_num_past_key_values == 4 else ''}"
-                    f"Got {len(past_key_value)} past key / value states"
-                )
-
-            self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2]
-            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[2:]
-        else:
-            self_attn_past_key_value, cross_attn_past_key_value = None, None
-
         self_attention_outputs = self.layer[0](
             hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             position_bias=position_bias,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
-            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
-        hidden_states, present_key_value_state = self_attention_outputs[:2]
+        hidden_states, past_key_value = self_attention_outputs[:2]
         attention_outputs = self_attention_outputs[2:]  # Keep self-attention outputs and relative position weights
 
         # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
@@ -585,25 +574,18 @@ def forward(
 
         do_cross_attention = self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None
         if do_cross_attention:
-            # the actual query length is unknown for cross attention
-            # if using past key value states. Need to inject it here
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                query_length = present_key_value_state[0].shape[2]
-            else:
-                query_length = None
-
             cross_attention_outputs = self.layer[1](
                 hidden_states,
                 key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                 position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                 layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
-                query_length=query_length,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                query_length=cache_position[-1] + 1,
                 use_cache=use_cache,
                 output_attentions=output_attentions,
             )
-            hidden_states = cross_attention_outputs[0]
+            hidden_states, past_key_value = cross_attention_outputs[:2]
 
             # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
             if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16:
@@ -614,10 +596,6 @@ def forward(
                 )
                 hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
-            # Combine self attn and cross attn key value states
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                present_key_value_state = present_key_value_state + cross_attention_outputs[1]
-
             # Keep cross-attention outputs and relative position weights
             attention_outputs = attention_outputs + cross_attention_outputs[2:]
 
@@ -636,11 +614,11 @@ def forward(
         outputs = (hidden_states,)
 
         if use_cache:
-            outputs = outputs + (present_key_value_state,) + attention_outputs
+            outputs = outputs + (past_key_value,) + attention_outputs
         else:
             outputs = outputs + attention_outputs
 
-        return outputs  # hidden-states, present_key_value_states, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
+        return outputs  # hidden-states, past_key_value, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
 
 
 def load_tf_weights_in_mt5(model, config, tf_checkpoint_path):
@@ -780,6 +758,9 @@ class MT5PreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     base_model_prefix = "transformer"
     is_parallelizable = True
     supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+    _supports_quantized_cache = False  # enc-dec models don't support yet
+    _supports_static_cache = True
+    _supports_cache_class = True
     _no_split_modules = ["MT5Block"]
     _keep_in_fp32_modules = ["wo"]
 
@@ -892,7 +873,7 @@ def __init__(self, config, embed_tokens=None):
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
 
         self.block = nn.ModuleList(
-            [MT5Block(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0)) for i in range(config.num_layers)]
+            [MT5Block(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0), layer_idx=i) for i in range(config.num_layers)]
         )
         self.final_layer_norm = MT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
@@ -968,6 +949,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions=None,
         output_hidden_states=None,
         return_dict=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         # Model parallel
         if self.model_parallel:
@@ -994,6 +976,13 @@ def forward(
             err_msg_prefix = "decoder_" if self.is_decoder else ""
             raise ValueError(f"You have to specify either {err_msg_prefix}input_ids or {err_msg_prefix}inputs_embeds")
 
+        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+            if use_cache:
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
+                )
+                use_cache = False
+
         if inputs_embeds is None:
             if self.embed_tokens is None:
                 raise ValueError("You have to initialize the model with valid token embeddings")
@@ -1001,23 +990,57 @@ def forward(
 
         batch_size, seq_length = input_shape
 
-        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
-        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
-
         if use_cache is True:
             if not self.is_decoder:
                 raise ValueError(f"`use_cache` can only be set to `True` if {self} is used as a decoder")
 
-        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
-        if past_key_values is None:
-            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.block)
+        # initialize past_key_values
+        return_legacy_cache = False
+        return_self_attention_cache = False
+        if self.is_decoder and (use_cache or past_key_values is not None):
+            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache) and not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_self_attention_cache = True
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(past_key_values, DynamicCache())
+            elif not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_legacy_cache = True
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "Passing a tuple of `past_key_values` is deprecated and will be removed in Transformers v4.48.0. "
+                    "You should pass an instance of `EncoderDecoderCache` instead, e.g. "
+                    "`past_key_values=EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)`."
+                )
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
+            elif past_key_values is None:
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(DynamicCache(), DynamicCache())
+        elif not self.is_decoder:
+            # do not pass cache object down the line for encoder stack
+            # it messes indexing later in decoder-stack because cache object is modified in-place
+            past_key_values = None
+
+        past_key_values_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(
+                past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device
+            )
 
-        if attention_mask is None:
+        if attention_mask is None and not is_torchdynamo_compiling():
+            # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past cache
+            mask_seq_length = past_key_values_length + seq_length
             attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
 
-        # We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
-        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
-        extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape)
+        if self.config.is_decoder:
+            causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds,
+                cache_position,
+                past_key_values.self_attention_cache if past_key_values is not None else None,
+                output_attentions,
+            )
+        elif attention_mask is not None:
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+            causal_mask = causal_mask.to(dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype)
+            causal_mask = (1.0 - causal_mask) * torch.finfo(inputs_embeds.dtype).min
+        else:
+            causal_mask = None
 
         # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
         # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
@@ -1032,17 +1055,9 @@ def forward(
         else:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = None
 
-        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
-            if use_cache:
-                logger.warning_once(
-                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
-                )
-                use_cache = False
-
         # Prepare head mask if needed
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
         cross_attn_head_mask = self.get_head_mask(cross_attn_head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
-        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
         all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
         all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
         all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions and self.is_decoder) else None
@@ -1051,15 +1066,15 @@ def forward(
 
         hidden_states = self.dropout(inputs_embeds)
 
-        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.block, past_key_values)):
+        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.block):
             layer_head_mask = head_mask[i]
             cross_attn_layer_head_mask = cross_attn_head_mask[i]
             # Model parallel
             if self.model_parallel:
                 torch.cuda.set_device(hidden_states.device)
                 # Ensure that attention_mask is always on the same device as hidden_states
-                if attention_mask is not None:
-                    attention_mask = attention_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
+                if causal_mask is not None:
+                    causal_mask = causal_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
                 if position_bias is not None:
                     position_bias = position_bias.to(hidden_states.device)
                 if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
@@ -1079,7 +1094,7 @@ def forward(
                 layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                     layer_module.forward,
                     hidden_states,
-                    extended_attention_mask,
+                    causal_mask,
                     position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_extended_attention_mask,
@@ -1089,20 +1104,24 @@ def forward(
                     None,  # past_key_value is always None with gradient checkpointing
                     use_cache,
                     output_attentions,
+                    return_dict,
+                    cache_position,
                 )
             else:
                 layer_outputs = layer_module(
                     hidden_states,
-                    attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
+                    attention_mask=causal_mask,
                     position_bias=position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                     encoder_decoder_position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                     layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                     cross_attn_layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                    past_key_value=past_key_values,
                     use_cache=use_cache,
                     output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                    return_dict=return_dict,
+                    cache_position=cache_position,
                 )
 
             # layer_outputs is a tuple with:
@@ -1110,7 +1129,7 @@ def forward(
             if use_cache is False:
                 layer_outputs = layer_outputs[:1] + (None,) + layer_outputs[1:]
 
-            hidden_states, present_key_value_state = layer_outputs[:2]
+            hidden_states, next_decoder_cache = layer_outputs[:2]
 
             # We share the position biases between the layers - the first layer store them
             # layer_outputs = hidden-states, key-value-states (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights),
@@ -1118,9 +1137,6 @@ def forward(
             position_bias = layer_outputs[2]
             if self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                 encoder_decoder_position_bias = layer_outputs[4 if output_attentions else 3]
-            # append next layer key value states
-            if use_cache:
-                present_key_value_states = present_key_value_states + (present_key_value_state,)
 
             if output_attentions:
                 all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[3],)
@@ -1140,12 +1156,18 @@ def forward(
         if output_hidden_states:
             all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
 
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+        if return_self_attention_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.self_attention_cache
+        if return_legacy_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.to_legacy_cache()
+
         if not return_dict:
             return tuple(
                 v
                 for v in [
                     hidden_states,
-                    present_key_value_states,
+                    next_cache,
                     all_hidden_states,
                     all_attentions,
                     all_cross_attentions,
@@ -1154,12 +1176,135 @@ def forward(
             )
         return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
             last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
-            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
             hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
             attentions=all_attentions,
             cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
         )
 
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(
+        self,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        input_tensor: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        past_key_values: Cache,
+        output_attentions: bool,
+    ):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        # For SDPA, when possible, we will rely on its `is_causal` argument instead of its `attn_mask` argument, in
+        # order to dispatch on Flash Attention 2. This feature is not compatible with static cache, as SDPA will fail
+        # to infer the attention mask.
+        past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        using_static_cache = isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache)
+
+        # When output attentions is True, sdpa implementation's forward method calls the eager implementation's forward
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and not using_static_cache and not output_attentions:
+            if AttentionMaskConverter._ignore_causal_mask_sdpa(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds=input_tensor,
+                past_key_values_length=past_seen_tokens,
+                is_training=self.training,
+            ):
+                return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        if using_static_cache:
+            target_length = past_key_values.get_max_cache_shape()
+        else:
+            target_length = (
+                attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor)
+                else past_seen_tokens + sequence_length + 1
+            )
+
+        # In case the provided `attention` mask is 2D, we generate a causal mask here (4D).
+        causal_mask = self._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+            attention_mask,
+            sequence_length=sequence_length,
+            target_length=target_length,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            device=device,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            batch_size=input_tensor.shape[0],
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+            and not output_attentions
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    @staticmethod
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaPreTrainedModel._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position
+    def _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        sequence_length: int,
+        target_length: int,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        device: torch.device,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        batch_size: int,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a causal 4D mask of shape `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)` from a 2D mask of shape
+        `(batch_size, key_value_length)`, or if the input `attention_mask` is already 4D, do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
+                A 2D attention mask of shape `(batch_size, key_value_length)` or a 4D attention mask of shape
+                `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)`.
+            sequence_length (`int`):
+                The sequence length being processed.
+            target_length (`int`):
+                The target length: when generating with static cache, the mask should be as long as the static cache,
+                to account for the 0 padding, the part of the cache that is not filled yet.
+            dtype (`torch.dtype`):
+                The dtype to use for the 4D attention mask.
+            device (`torch.device`):
+                The device to plcae the 4D attention mask on.
+            cache_position (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence.
+            batch_size (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Batch size.
+        """
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.dim() == 4:
+            # In this case we assume that the mask comes already in inverted form and requires no inversion or slicing.
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
+        else:
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = torch.full(
+                (sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device
+            )
+            if sequence_length != 1:
+                causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+            causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(batch_size, 1, -1, -1)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] + attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+                padding_mask = padding_mask == 0
+                causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length].masked_fill(
+                    padding_mask, min_dtype
+                )
+
+        return causal_mask
+
 
 MT5_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
 
@@ -1454,6 +1599,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqModelOutput]:
         r"""
         Returns:
@@ -1533,6 +1679,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         if not return_dict:
@@ -1685,6 +1832,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqLMOutput]:
         r"""
         labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
@@ -1779,6 +1927,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         sequence_output = decoder_outputs[0]
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/pix2struct/modeling_pix2struct.py b/src/transformers/models/pix2struct/modeling_pix2struct.py
index 37090677a6e2..b1ac81bb1f21 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/pix2struct/modeling_pix2struct.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/pix2struct/modeling_pix2struct.py
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 from torch import nn
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, EncoderDecoderCache, StaticCache
 from ...generation import GenerationMixin
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
 from ...modeling_outputs import (
     BaseModelOutput,
     BaseModelOutputWithPooling,
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
     is_torch_fx_proxy,
+    is_torchdynamo_compiling,
     logging,
     replace_return_docstrings,
 )
@@ -184,14 +187,17 @@ def to_projection_shape(states):
             if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                 position_bias.requires_grad = True
 
-            if attention_mask is None:
-                attention_mask = torch.ones((batch_size, seq_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype)
-
             if attention_mask.dim() == 2:
                 position_bias = position_bias + attention_mask[:, None, None, :].to(position_bias.device)
-            else:
+            elif attention_mask is not None:
                 # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
                 position_bias = position_bias + attention_mask.to(position_bias.device)
+            elif not is_torchdynamo_compiling():
+                attention_mask = torch.ones(
+                    (batch_size, seq_length), device=position_bias.device, dtype=position_bias.dtype
+                )
+                position_bias = position_bias + attention_mask.to(position_bias.device)
+
             position_bias = 1 - position_bias
 
         position_bias_masked = position_bias.masked_fill(position_bias == 1, torch.finfo(scores.dtype).min)
@@ -355,6 +361,8 @@ class Pix2StructPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     """
 
     config_class = Pix2StructConfig
+    _supports_cache_class = True
+    _supports_static_cache = False
 
     @property
     def dummy_inputs(self):
@@ -673,7 +681,9 @@ def forward(self, hidden_states):
 
 
 class Pix2StructTextAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructTextConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self, config: Pix2StructTextConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
         self.relative_attention_num_buckets = config.relative_attention_num_buckets
@@ -683,6 +693,13 @@ def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructTextConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=Fal
         self.n_heads = config.num_heads
         self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
         self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating a decoder {self.__class__.__name__} without passing `layer_idx` is not recommended and "
+                "will to errors during the forward call, if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
 
         # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
         self.query = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size, bias=False)
@@ -773,75 +790,56 @@ def forward(
         query_length=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         """
         Self-attention (if key_value_states is None) or attention over source sentence (provided by key_value_states).
         """
         # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
-        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
-        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
+        # Mask is (batch_size, 1, 1, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, 1, query_length, key_length)
         batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]
 
-        real_seq_length = seq_length
-
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if len(past_key_value) != 2:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"past_key_value should have 2 past states: keys and values. Got { len(past_key_value)} past states"
-                )
-            real_seq_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2] if query_length is None else query_length
-
-        key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]
-
-        def to_projection_shape(states):
-            """projection"""
-            return states.contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None
 
-        def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
-            """projects hidden states correctly to key/query states"""
-            if key_value_states is None:
-                # self-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = to_projection_shape(proj_layer(hidden_states))
-            elif past_key_value is None:
-                # cross-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = to_projection_shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
-
-            if past_key_value is not None:
-                if key_value_states is None:
-                    # self-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, key_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = torch.cat([past_key_value, hidden_states], dim=2)
-                elif past_key_value.shape[2] != key_value_states.shape[1]:
-                    # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
-                    # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
-                    # cross-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = to_projection_shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
-                else:
-                    # cross-attn
-                    hidden_states = past_key_value
-            return hidden_states
+        query_states = self.query(hidden_states).contiguous()
+        query_states = query_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
-        # get query states
-        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-        query_states = to_projection_shape(self.query(hidden_states))
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            is_updated = past_key_value.is_updated.get(self.layer_idx)
+            if is_cross_attention:
+                # after the first generated id, we can subsequently re-use all key/value_states from cache
+                past_key_value = past_key_value.cross_attention_cache
+            else:
+                past_key_value = past_key_value.self_attention_cache
 
         # get key/value states
-        key_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.key, key_value_states, past_key_value[0] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
-        value_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.value, key_value_states, past_key_value[1] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
+        current_states = key_value_states if is_cross_attention else hidden_states
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value and is_updated:
+            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
+            key_states = past_key_value.key_cache[self.layer_idx]
+            value_states = past_key_value.value_cache[self.layer_idx]
+        else:
+            key_states = self.key(current_states).contiguous()
+            value_states = self.value(current_states).contiguous()
+            key_states = key_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            value_states = value_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            if past_key_value is not None:
+                # save all key/value_states to cache to be re-used for fast auto-regressive generation
+                cache_position = cache_position if not is_cross_attention else None
+                key_states, value_states = past_key_value.update(
+                    key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx, {"cache_position": cache_position}
+                )
+                # set flag that curr layer for cross-attn is already updated so we can re-use in subsequent calls
+                if is_cross_attention:
+                    past_key_value.is_updated[self.layer_idx] = True
 
         # compute scores
-        scores = torch.matmul(
-            query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2)
-        )  # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))
 
         if position_bias is None:
+            real_seq_length = cache_position[-1] + 1 if query_length is None else query_length
+            key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]
             if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
                 position_bias = torch.zeros(
                     (1, self.n_heads, real_seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
@@ -851,11 +849,6 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
             else:
                 position_bias = self.compute_bias(real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device)
 
-            # if key and values are already calculated
-            # we want only the last query position bias
-            if past_key_value is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]
-
             if mask is not None:
                 position_bias = position_bias + mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
 
@@ -883,19 +876,20 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
 
         attn_output = self.output(attn_output)
 
-        present_key_value_state = (key_states, value_states) if use_cache else None
-        outputs = (attn_output,) + (present_key_value_state,) + (position_bias,)
+        outputs = (attn_output,) + (past_key_value,) + (position_bias,)
 
         if output_attentions:
             outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
         return outputs
 
 
-# Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerSelfAttention with T5LayerNorm->Pix2StructLayerNorm,T5Attention->Pix2StructTextAttention,self.SelfAttention->self.attention,config.d_model->config.hidden_size
+# Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerSelfAttention with T5LayerNorm->Pix2StructLayerNorm,T5Attention->Pix2StructTextAttention,T5LayerSelfAttention->Pix2StructTextLayerSelfAttention,self.SelfAttention->self.attention,config.d_model->config.hidden_size
 class Pix2StructTextLayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.attention = Pix2StructTextAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
+        self.attention = Pix2StructTextAttention(
+            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+        )
         self.layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -908,6 +902,7 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.attention(
@@ -918,17 +913,18 @@ def forward(
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
         return outputs
 
 
-# Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerCrossAttention with T5LayerNorm->Pix2StructLayerNorm,T5Attention->Pix2StructTextAttention,self.EncDecAttention->self.attention,config.d_model->config.hidden_size
+# Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerCrossAttention with T5LayerNorm->Pix2StructLayerNorm,T5Attention->Pix2StructTextAttention,T5LayerCrossAttention->Pix2StructTextLayerCrossAttention,self.EncDecAttention->self.attention,config.d_model->config.hidden_size
 class Pix2StructTextLayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.attention = Pix2StructTextAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
+        self.attention = Pix2StructTextAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx=layer_idx)
         self.layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -943,6 +939,7 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         query_length=None,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.attention(
@@ -955,6 +952,7 @@ def forward(
             use_cache=use_cache,
             query_length=query_length,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -962,11 +960,13 @@ def forward(
 
 
 class Pix2StructTextBlock(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
 
         self.self_attention = Pix2StructTextLayerSelfAttention(
-            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias
+            config,
+            has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias,
+            layer_idx=layer_idx,
         )
 
         self.encoder_decoder_attention = Pix2StructTextLayerCrossAttention(config)
@@ -987,32 +987,19 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
         return_dict=True,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            expected_num_past_key_values = 2 if encoder_hidden_states is None else 4
-
-            if len(past_key_value) != expected_num_past_key_values:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"There should be {expected_num_past_key_values} past states. "
-                    f"{'2 (past / key) for cross attention. ' if expected_num_past_key_values == 4 else ''}"
-                    f"Got {len(past_key_value)} past key / value states"
-                )
-
-            self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2]
-            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[2:]
-        else:
-            self_attn_past_key_value, cross_attn_past_key_value = None, None
-
         self_attention_outputs = self.self_attention(
             hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             position_bias=position_bias,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
-            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
-        hidden_states, present_key_value_state = self_attention_outputs[:2]
+        hidden_states, past_key_value = self_attention_outputs[:2]
         attention_outputs = self_attention_outputs[2:]  # Keep self-attention outputs and relative position weights
 
         # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
@@ -1022,35 +1009,25 @@ def forward(
 
         do_cross_attention = encoder_hidden_states is not None
         if do_cross_attention:
-            # the actual query length is unknown for cross attention
-            # if using past key value states. Need to inject it here
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                query_length = present_key_value_state[0].shape[2]
-            else:
-                query_length = None
-
             cross_attention_outputs = self.encoder_decoder_attention(
                 hidden_states,
                 key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                 position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                 layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
-                query_length=query_length,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                query_length=cache_position[-1] + 1,
                 use_cache=use_cache,
                 output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                cache_position=cache_position,
             )
-            hidden_states = cross_attention_outputs[0]
+            hidden_states, past_key_value = cross_attention_outputs[:2]
 
             # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
             if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16 and torch.isinf(hidden_states).any():
                 clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
                 hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
-            # Combine self attn and cross attn key value states
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                present_key_value_state = present_key_value_state + cross_attention_outputs[1]
-
             # Keep cross-attention outputs and relative position weights
             attention_outputs = attention_outputs + cross_attention_outputs[2:]
 
@@ -1065,7 +1042,7 @@ def forward(
         outputs = (hidden_states,)
 
         if use_cache:
-            outputs = outputs + (present_key_value_state,) + attention_outputs
+            outputs = outputs + (past_key_value,) + attention_outputs
         else:
             outputs = outputs + attention_outputs
 
@@ -1187,6 +1164,9 @@ def forward(
             more detail.
         return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
             Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. It is used to update the
+            cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
 """
 
 PIX2STRUCT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
@@ -1293,7 +1273,10 @@ def __init__(self, config):
         self.embed_tokens = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.hidden_size)
 
         self.layer = nn.ModuleList(
-            [Pix2StructTextBlock(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0)) for i in range(config.num_layers)]
+            [
+                Pix2StructTextBlock(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0), layer_idx=i)
+                for i in range(config.num_layers)
+            ]
         )
         self.final_layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
@@ -1364,6 +1347,7 @@ def forward(
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, ...], CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions]:
         r"""
@@ -1405,24 +1389,54 @@ def forward(
 
         batch_size, seq_length = input_shape
 
-        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
-        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
+        # initialize past_key_values
+        return_legacy_cache = False
+        return_self_attention_cache = False
+        if use_cache or past_key_values is not None:
+            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache) and not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_self_attention_cache = True
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(past_key_values, DynamicCache())
+            elif not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_legacy_cache = True
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "Passing a tuple of `past_key_values` is deprecated and will be removed in Transformers v4.48.0. "
+                    "You should pass an instance of `EncoderDecoderCache` instead, e.g. "
+                    "`past_key_values=EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)`."
+                )
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
+            elif past_key_values is None:
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(DynamicCache(), DynamicCache())
+
+        past_key_values_length = 0
+        if cache_position is not None:
+            past_key_values_length = cache_position[0]
+        elif past_key_values is not None:
+            past_key_values_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length()
+
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(
+                past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device
+            )
 
         if attention_mask is None:
-            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
-        if encoder_attention_mask is None and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
-            encoder_seq_length = encoder_hidden_states.shape[1]
-            encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(
-                batch_size, encoder_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device, dtype=torch.long
+            # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
+            mask_seq_length = (
+                past_key_values.get_seq_length() + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
             )
+            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
 
-        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
-        if past_key_values is None:
-            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.layer)
-
-        # We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
-        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
-        extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape)
+        if self.config.is_decoder:
+            causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds,
+                cache_position,
+                past_key_values.self_attention_cache if past_key_values is not None else None,
+                output_attentions,
+            )
+        else:
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+            causal_mask = causal_mask.to(dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype)
+            causal_mask = (1.0 - causal_mask) * torch.finfo(inputs_embeds.dtype).min
 
         # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
         # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
@@ -1438,7 +1452,6 @@ def forward(
         # Prepare head mask if needed
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
         cross_attn_head_mask = self.get_head_mask(cross_attn_head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
-        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
         all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
         all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
         all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions) else None
@@ -1447,7 +1460,7 @@ def forward(
 
         hidden_states = self.dropout(inputs_embeds)
 
-        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.layer, past_key_values)):
+        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.layer):
             layer_head_mask = head_mask[i]
             cross_attn_layer_head_mask = cross_attn_head_mask[i]
             if output_hidden_states:
@@ -1462,7 +1475,7 @@ def forward(
                 layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                     layer_module.forward,
                     hidden_states,
-                    extended_attention_mask,
+                    causal_mask,
                     position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_extended_attention_mask,
@@ -1472,20 +1485,22 @@ def forward(
                     None,  # past_key_value is always None with gradient checkpointing
                     use_cache,
                     output_attentions,
+                    cache_position,
                 )
             else:
                 layer_outputs = layer_module(
                     hidden_states,
-                    attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
+                    attention_mask=causal_mask,
                     position_bias=position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                     encoder_decoder_position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                     layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                     cross_attn_layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                    past_key_value=past_key_values,
                     use_cache=use_cache,
                     output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                    cache_position=cache_position,
                 )
 
             # layer_outputs is a tuple with:
@@ -1493,7 +1508,7 @@ def forward(
             if use_cache is False:
                 layer_outputs = layer_outputs[:1] + (None,) + layer_outputs[1:]
 
-            hidden_states, present_key_value_state = layer_outputs[:2]
+            hidden_states, next_decoder_cache = layer_outputs[:2]
 
             # We share the position biases between the layers - the first layer store them
             # layer_outputs = hidden-states, key-value-states (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights),
@@ -1501,9 +1516,6 @@ def forward(
             position_bias = layer_outputs[2]
             if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                 encoder_decoder_position_bias = layer_outputs[4 if output_attentions else 3]
-            # append next layer key value states
-            if use_cache:
-                present_key_value_states = present_key_value_states + (present_key_value_state,)
 
             if output_attentions:
                 all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[3],)
@@ -1527,13 +1539,19 @@ def forward(
 
             loss = loss_fct(logits.contiguous().view(-1, logits.size(-1)), labels.contiguous().view(-1))
 
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+        if return_self_attention_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.self_attention_cache
+        if return_legacy_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.to_legacy_cache()
+
         if not return_dict:
             return tuple(
                 v
                 for v in [
                     loss,
                     logits,
-                    present_key_value_states,
+                    next_cache,
                     all_hidden_states,
                     all_attentions,
                     all_cross_attentions,
@@ -1543,12 +1561,135 @@ def forward(
         return CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions(
             loss=loss,
             logits=logits,
-            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
             hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
             attentions=all_attentions,
             cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
         )
 
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(
+        self,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        input_tensor: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        past_key_values: Cache,
+        output_attentions: bool,
+    ):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        # For SDPA, when possible, we will rely on its `is_causal` argument instead of its `attn_mask` argument, in
+        # order to dispatch on Flash Attention 2. This feature is not compatible with static cache, as SDPA will fail
+        # to infer the attention mask.
+        past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        using_static_cache = isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache)
+
+        # When output attentions is True, sdpa implementation's forward method calls the eager implementation's forward
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and not using_static_cache and not output_attentions:
+            if AttentionMaskConverter._ignore_causal_mask_sdpa(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds=input_tensor,
+                past_key_values_length=past_seen_tokens,
+                is_training=self.training,
+            ):
+                return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        if using_static_cache:
+            target_length = past_key_values.get_max_cache_shape()
+        else:
+            target_length = (
+                attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor)
+                else past_seen_tokens + sequence_length + 1
+            )
+
+        # In case the provided `attention` mask is 2D, we generate a causal mask here (4D).
+        causal_mask = self._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+            attention_mask,
+            sequence_length=sequence_length,
+            target_length=target_length,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            device=device,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            batch_size=input_tensor.shape[0],
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+            and not output_attentions
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    @staticmethod
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaPreTrainedModel._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position
+    def _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        sequence_length: int,
+        target_length: int,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        device: torch.device,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        batch_size: int,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a causal 4D mask of shape `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)` from a 2D mask of shape
+        `(batch_size, key_value_length)`, or if the input `attention_mask` is already 4D, do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
+                A 2D attention mask of shape `(batch_size, key_value_length)` or a 4D attention mask of shape
+                `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)`.
+            sequence_length (`int`):
+                The sequence length being processed.
+            target_length (`int`):
+                The target length: when generating with static cache, the mask should be as long as the static cache,
+                to account for the 0 padding, the part of the cache that is not filled yet.
+            dtype (`torch.dtype`):
+                The dtype to use for the 4D attention mask.
+            device (`torch.device`):
+                The device to plcae the 4D attention mask on.
+            cache_position (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence.
+            batch_size (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Batch size.
+        """
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.dim() == 4:
+            # In this case we assume that the mask comes already in inverted form and requires no inversion or slicing.
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
+        else:
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = torch.full(
+                (sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device
+            )
+            if sequence_length != 1:
+                causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+            causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(batch_size, 1, -1, -1)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] + attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+                padding_mask = padding_mask == 0
+                causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length].masked_fill(
+                    padding_mask, min_dtype
+                )
+
+        return causal_mask
+
 
 @add_start_docstrings(
     "A conditional generation model with a language modeling head. Can be used for sequence generation tasks.",
@@ -1615,6 +1756,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqModelOutput]:
         r"""
         Returns:
@@ -1723,6 +1865,7 @@ def forward(
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             labels=labels,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         if not return_dict:
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/pop2piano/modeling_pop2piano.py b/src/transformers/models/pop2piano/modeling_pop2piano.py
index d6f92e9fe034..6a64a27e007b 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/pop2piano/modeling_pop2piano.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/pop2piano/modeling_pop2piano.py
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@
 from transformers.generation import GenerationConfig
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, EncoderDecoderCache, StaticCache
 from ...generation import GenerationMixin
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
 from ...modeling_outputs import (
     BaseModelOutput,
     BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
     is_torch_fx_proxy,
+    is_torchdynamo_compiling,
     logging,
     replace_return_docstrings,
 )
@@ -136,6 +139,9 @@
             more detail.
         return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
             Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. It is used to update the
+            cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
 """
 
 
@@ -245,7 +251,12 @@ def forward(self, hidden_states):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Attention with T5->Pop2Piano,t5->pop2piano
 class Pop2PianoAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config: Pop2PianoConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Pop2PianoConfig,
+        has_relative_attention_bias=False,
+        layer_idx: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
@@ -256,6 +267,13 @@ def __init__(self, config: Pop2PianoConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
         self.n_heads = config.num_heads
         self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
         self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None and self.is_decoder:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating a decoder {self.__class__.__name__} without passing `layer_idx` is not recommended and "
+                "will to errors during the forward call, if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
 
         # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
         self.q = nn.Linear(self.d_model, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
@@ -332,11 +350,14 @@ def _relative_position_bucket(relative_position, bidirectional=True, num_buckets
         relative_buckets += torch.where(is_small, relative_position, relative_position_if_large)
         return relative_buckets
 
-    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None):
+    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None, cache_position=None):
         """Compute binned relative position bias"""
         if device is None:
             device = self.relative_attention_bias.weight.device
-        context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        if cache_position is None:
+            context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        else:
+            context_position = cache_position[:, None].to(device)
         memory_position = torch.arange(key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[None, :]
         relative_position = memory_position - context_position  # shape (query_length, key_length)
         relative_position_bucket = self._relative_position_bucket(
@@ -360,94 +381,72 @@ def forward(
         query_length=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         """
         Self-attention (if key_value_states is None) or attention over source sentence (provided by key_value_states).
         """
         # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
-        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
-        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
+        # Mask is (batch_size, 1, 1, key_length) (non-causal encoder) or (batch_size, 1, seq_length, key_length) (causal decoder)
         batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]
 
-        real_seq_length = seq_length
+        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None
 
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if len(past_key_value) != 2:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"past_key_value should have 2 past states: keys and values. Got { len(past_key_value)} past states"
-                )
-            real_seq_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2] if query_length is None else query_length
-
-        key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]
-
-        def shape(states):
-            """projection"""
-            return states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        query_states = self.q(hidden_states)
+        query_states = query_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
-        def unshape(states):
-            """reshape"""
-            return states.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            is_updated = past_key_value.is_updated.get(self.layer_idx)
+            if is_cross_attention:
+                # after the first generated id, we can subsequently re-use all key/value_states from cache
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.cross_attention_cache
+            else:
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.self_attention_cache
 
-        def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
-            """projects hidden states correctly to key/query states"""
-            if key_value_states is None:
-                # self-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(hidden_states))
-            elif past_key_value is None:
-                # cross-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
+        current_states = key_value_states if is_cross_attention else hidden_states
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value is not None and is_updated:
+            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
+            key_states = curr_past_key_value.key_cache[self.layer_idx]
+            value_states = curr_past_key_value.value_cache[self.layer_idx]
+        else:
+            key_states = self.k(current_states)
+            value_states = self.v(current_states)
+            key_states = key_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            value_states = value_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
             if past_key_value is not None:
-                if key_value_states is None:
-                    # self-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, key_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = torch.cat([past_key_value, hidden_states], dim=2)
-                elif past_key_value.shape[2] != key_value_states.shape[1]:
-                    # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
-                    # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
-                    # cross-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
-                else:
-                    # cross-attn
-                    hidden_states = past_key_value
-            return hidden_states
-
-        # get query states
-        query_states = shape(self.q(hidden_states))  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-
-        # get key/value states
-        key_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.k, key_value_states, past_key_value[0] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
-        value_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.v, key_value_states, past_key_value[1] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
+                # save all key/value_states to cache to be re-used for fast auto-regressive generation
+                cache_position = cache_position if not is_cross_attention else None
+                key_states, value_states = curr_past_key_value.update(
+                    key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx, {"cache_position": cache_position}
+                )
+                # set flag that curr layer for cross-attn is already updated so we can re-use in subsequent calls
+                if is_cross_attention:
+                    past_key_value.is_updated[self.layer_idx] = True
 
-        # compute scores
-        scores = torch.matmul(
-            query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2)
-        )  # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        # compute scores, equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))
 
         if position_bias is None:
+            key_length = key_states.shape[-2]
+            # cache position is 0-indexed so we add 1 to get the real length of queries (aka with past)
+            real_seq_length = query_length if query_length is not None else cache_position[-1] + 1
             if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
                 position_bias = torch.zeros(
-                    (1, self.n_heads, real_seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
+                    (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
                 )
                 if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                     position_bias.requires_grad = True
             else:
-                position_bias = self.compute_bias(real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device)
-
-            # if key and values are already calculated
-            # we want only the last query position bias
-            if past_key_value is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]
+                position_bias = self.compute_bias(
+                    real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device, cache_position=cache_position
+                )
+                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -seq_length:, :]
 
             if mask is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias + mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+                causal_mask = mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+                position_bias = position_bias + causal_mask
 
         if self.pruned_heads:
             mask = torch.ones(position_bias.shape[1])
@@ -457,22 +456,22 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
             position_bias_masked = position_bias
 
         scores += position_bias_masked
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(
-            scores
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(
-            attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+
+        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(scores)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
 
         # Mask heads if we want to
         if layer_head_mask is not None:
             attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask
 
-        attn_output = unshape(torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states))  # (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
         attn_output = self.o(attn_output)
 
-        present_key_value_state = (key_states, value_states) if (self.is_decoder and use_cache) else None
-        outputs = (attn_output,) + (present_key_value_state,) + (position_bias,)
+        outputs = (attn_output, past_key_value, position_bias)
 
         if output_attentions:
             outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
@@ -481,9 +480,11 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerSelfAttention with T5->Pop2Piano,t5->pop2piano
 class Pop2PianoLayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.SelfAttention = Pop2PianoAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
+        self.SelfAttention = Pop2PianoAttention(
+            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+        )
         self.layer_norm = Pop2PianoLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -496,6 +497,7 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.SelfAttention(
@@ -506,6 +508,7 @@ def forward(
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -514,9 +517,9 @@ def forward(
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerCrossAttention with T5->Pop2Piano,t5->pop2piano
 class Pop2PianoLayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.EncDecAttention = Pop2PianoAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
+        self.EncDecAttention = Pop2PianoAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx=layer_idx)
         self.layer_norm = Pop2PianoLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -531,6 +534,7 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         query_length=None,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.EncDecAttention(
@@ -543,6 +547,7 @@ def forward(
             use_cache=use_cache,
             query_length=query_length,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -551,13 +556,17 @@ def forward(
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Block with T5->Pop2Piano,t5->pop2piano
 class Pop2PianoBlock(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.layer = nn.ModuleList()
-        self.layer.append(Pop2PianoLayerSelfAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias))
+        self.layer.append(
+            Pop2PianoLayerSelfAttention(
+                config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+            )
+        )
         if self.is_decoder:
-            self.layer.append(Pop2PianoLayerCrossAttention(config))
+            self.layer.append(Pop2PianoLayerCrossAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx))
 
         self.layer.append(Pop2PianoLayerFF(config))
 
@@ -575,34 +584,19 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
         return_dict=True,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if not self.is_decoder:
-                logger.warning("`past_key_values` is passed to the encoder. Please make sure this is intended.")
-            expected_num_past_key_values = 2 if encoder_hidden_states is None else 4
-
-            if len(past_key_value) != expected_num_past_key_values:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"There should be {expected_num_past_key_values} past states. "
-                    f"{'2 (key / value) for cross attention. ' if expected_num_past_key_values == 4 else ''}"
-                    f"Got {len(past_key_value)} past key / value states"
-                )
-
-            self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2]
-            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[2:]
-        else:
-            self_attn_past_key_value, cross_attn_past_key_value = None, None
-
         self_attention_outputs = self.layer[0](
             hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             position_bias=position_bias,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
-            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
-        hidden_states, present_key_value_state = self_attention_outputs[:2]
+        hidden_states, past_key_value = self_attention_outputs[:2]
         attention_outputs = self_attention_outputs[2:]  # Keep self-attention outputs and relative position weights
 
         # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
@@ -616,25 +610,18 @@ def forward(
 
         do_cross_attention = self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None
         if do_cross_attention:
-            # the actual query length is unknown for cross attention
-            # if using past key value states. Need to inject it here
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                query_length = present_key_value_state[0].shape[2]
-            else:
-                query_length = None
-
             cross_attention_outputs = self.layer[1](
                 hidden_states,
                 key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                 position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                 layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
-                query_length=query_length,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                query_length=cache_position[-1] + 1,
                 use_cache=use_cache,
                 output_attentions=output_attentions,
             )
-            hidden_states = cross_attention_outputs[0]
+            hidden_states, past_key_value = cross_attention_outputs[:2]
 
             # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
             if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16:
@@ -645,10 +632,6 @@ def forward(
                 )
                 hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
-            # Combine self attn and cross attn key value states
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                present_key_value_state = present_key_value_state + cross_attention_outputs[1]
-
             # Keep cross-attention outputs and relative position weights
             attention_outputs = attention_outputs + cross_attention_outputs[2:]
 
@@ -667,11 +650,11 @@ def forward(
         outputs = (hidden_states,)
 
         if use_cache:
-            outputs = outputs + (present_key_value_state,) + attention_outputs
+            outputs = outputs + (past_key_value,) + attention_outputs
         else:
             outputs = outputs + attention_outputs
 
-        return outputs  # hidden-states, present_key_value_states, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
+        return outputs  # hidden-states, past_key_value, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
 
 
 class Pop2PianoPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
@@ -684,6 +667,8 @@ class Pop2PianoPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     base_model_prefix = "transformer"
     is_parallelizable = False
     supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+    _supports_cache_class = True
+    _supports_static_cache = False
     _no_split_modules = ["Pop2PianoBlock"]
     _keep_in_fp32_modules = ["wo"]
 
@@ -769,7 +754,10 @@ def __init__(self, config, embed_tokens=None):
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
 
         self.block = nn.ModuleList(
-            [Pop2PianoBlock(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0)) for i in range(config.num_layers)]
+            [
+                Pop2PianoBlock(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0), layer_idx=i)
+                for i in range(config.num_layers)
+            ]
         )
         self.final_layer_norm = Pop2PianoLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
@@ -803,6 +791,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions=None,
         output_hidden_states=None,
         return_dict=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
         output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
@@ -825,6 +814,13 @@ def forward(
             err_msg_prefix = "decoder_" if self.is_decoder else ""
             raise ValueError(f"You have to specify either {err_msg_prefix}input_ids or {err_msg_prefix}inputs_embeds")
 
+        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+            if use_cache:
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
+                )
+                use_cache = False
+
         if inputs_embeds is None:
             if self.embed_tokens is None:
                 raise ValueError("You have to initialize the model with valid token embeddings")
@@ -832,28 +828,55 @@ def forward(
 
         batch_size, seq_length = input_shape
 
-        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
-        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
-
         if use_cache is True:
             if not self.is_decoder:
                 raise ValueError(f"`use_cache` can only be set to `True` if {self} is used as a decoder")
 
-        if attention_mask is None:
-            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
-        if self.is_decoder and encoder_attention_mask is None and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
-            encoder_seq_length = encoder_hidden_states.shape[1]
-            encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(
-                batch_size, encoder_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device, dtype=torch.long
+        # initialize past_key_values
+        return_legacy_cache = False
+        return_self_attention_cache = False
+        if self.is_decoder and (use_cache or past_key_values is not None):
+            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache) and not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_self_attention_cache = True
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(past_key_values, DynamicCache())
+            elif not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_legacy_cache = True
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "Passing a tuple of `past_key_values` is deprecated and will be removed in Transformers v4.48.0. "
+                    "You should pass an instance of `EncoderDecoderCache` instead, e.g. "
+                    "`past_key_values=EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)`."
+                )
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
+            elif past_key_values is None:
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(DynamicCache(), DynamicCache())
+        elif not self.is_decoder:
+            # do not pass cache object down the line for encoder stack
+            # it messes indexing later in decoder-stack because cache object is modified in-place
+            past_key_values = None
+
+        past_key_values_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(
+                past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device
             )
 
-        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
-        if past_key_values is None:
-            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.block)
+        if attention_mask is None and not is_torchdynamo_compiling():
+            # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past cache
+            mask_seq_length = past_key_values_length + seq_length
+            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
 
-        # We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
-        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
-        extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape)
+        if self.config.is_decoder:
+            causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds,
+                cache_position,
+                past_key_values.self_attention_cache if past_key_values is not None else None,
+                output_attentions,
+            )
+        else:
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+            causal_mask = causal_mask.to(dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype)
+            causal_mask = (1.0 - causal_mask) * torch.finfo(inputs_embeds.dtype).min
 
         # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
         # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
@@ -866,17 +889,9 @@ def forward(
         else:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = None
 
-        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
-            if use_cache:
-                logger.warning_once(
-                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
-                )
-                use_cache = False
-
         # Prepare head mask if needed
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
         cross_attn_head_mask = self.get_head_mask(cross_attn_head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
-        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
         all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
         all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
         all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions and self.is_decoder) else None
@@ -885,7 +900,7 @@ def forward(
 
         hidden_states = self.dropout(inputs_embeds)
 
-        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.block, past_key_values)):
+        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.block):
             layer_head_mask = head_mask[i]
             cross_attn_layer_head_mask = cross_attn_head_mask[i]
             if output_hidden_states:
@@ -895,7 +910,7 @@ def forward(
                 layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                     layer_module.forward,
                     hidden_states,
-                    extended_attention_mask,
+                    causal_mask,
                     position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_extended_attention_mask,
@@ -905,20 +920,22 @@ def forward(
                     None,  # past_key_value is always None with gradient checkpointing
                     use_cache,
                     output_attentions,
+                    cache_position,
                 )
             else:
                 layer_outputs = layer_module(
                     hidden_states,
-                    attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
+                    attention_mask=causal_mask,
                     position_bias=position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                     encoder_decoder_position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                     layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                     cross_attn_layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                    past_key_value=past_key_values,
                     use_cache=use_cache,
                     output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                    cache_position=cache_position,
                 )
 
             # layer_outputs is a tuple with:
@@ -926,7 +943,7 @@ def forward(
             if use_cache is False:
                 layer_outputs = layer_outputs[:1] + (None,) + layer_outputs[1:]
 
-            hidden_states, present_key_value_state = layer_outputs[:2]
+            hidden_states, next_decoder_cache = layer_outputs[:2]
 
             # We share the position biases between the layers - the first layer store them
             # layer_outputs = hidden-states, key-value-states (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights),
@@ -934,9 +951,6 @@ def forward(
             position_bias = layer_outputs[2]
             if self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                 encoder_decoder_position_bias = layer_outputs[4 if output_attentions else 3]
-            # append next layer key value states
-            if use_cache:
-                present_key_value_states = present_key_value_states + (present_key_value_state,)
 
             if output_attentions:
                 all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[3],)
@@ -950,12 +964,18 @@ def forward(
         if output_hidden_states:
             all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
 
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+        if return_self_attention_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.self_attention_cache
+        if return_legacy_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.to_legacy_cache()
+
         if not return_dict:
             return tuple(
                 v
                 for v in [
                     hidden_states,
-                    present_key_value_states,
+                    next_cache,
                     all_hidden_states,
                     all_attentions,
                     all_cross_attentions,
@@ -964,12 +984,135 @@ def forward(
             )
         return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
             last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
-            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
             hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
             attentions=all_attentions,
             cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
         )
 
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(
+        self,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        input_tensor: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        past_key_values: Cache,
+        output_attentions: bool,
+    ):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        # For SDPA, when possible, we will rely on its `is_causal` argument instead of its `attn_mask` argument, in
+        # order to dispatch on Flash Attention 2. This feature is not compatible with static cache, as SDPA will fail
+        # to infer the attention mask.
+        past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        using_static_cache = isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache)
+
+        # When output attentions is True, sdpa implementation's forward method calls the eager implementation's forward
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and not using_static_cache and not output_attentions:
+            if AttentionMaskConverter._ignore_causal_mask_sdpa(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds=input_tensor,
+                past_key_values_length=past_seen_tokens,
+                is_training=self.training,
+            ):
+                return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        if using_static_cache:
+            target_length = past_key_values.get_max_cache_shape()
+        else:
+            target_length = (
+                attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor)
+                else past_seen_tokens + sequence_length + 1
+            )
+
+        # In case the provided `attention` mask is 2D, we generate a causal mask here (4D).
+        causal_mask = self._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+            attention_mask,
+            sequence_length=sequence_length,
+            target_length=target_length,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            device=device,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            batch_size=input_tensor.shape[0],
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+            and not output_attentions
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    @staticmethod
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaPreTrainedModel._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position
+    def _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        sequence_length: int,
+        target_length: int,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        device: torch.device,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        batch_size: int,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a causal 4D mask of shape `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)` from a 2D mask of shape
+        `(batch_size, key_value_length)`, or if the input `attention_mask` is already 4D, do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
+                A 2D attention mask of shape `(batch_size, key_value_length)` or a 4D attention mask of shape
+                `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)`.
+            sequence_length (`int`):
+                The sequence length being processed.
+            target_length (`int`):
+                The target length: when generating with static cache, the mask should be as long as the static cache,
+                to account for the 0 padding, the part of the cache that is not filled yet.
+            dtype (`torch.dtype`):
+                The dtype to use for the 4D attention mask.
+            device (`torch.device`):
+                The device to plcae the 4D attention mask on.
+            cache_position (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence.
+            batch_size (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Batch size.
+        """
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.dim() == 4:
+            # In this case we assume that the mask comes already in inverted form and requires no inversion or slicing.
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
+        else:
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = torch.full(
+                (sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device
+            )
+            if sequence_length != 1:
+                causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+            causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(batch_size, 1, -1, -1)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] + attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+                padding_mask = padding_mask == 0
+                causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length].masked_fill(
+                    padding_mask, min_dtype
+                )
+
+        return causal_mask
+
 
 class Pop2PianoConcatEmbeddingToMel(nn.Module):
     """Embedding Matrix for `composer` tokens."""
@@ -1122,6 +1265,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqLMOutput]:
         r"""
         labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
@@ -1177,6 +1321,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         sequence_output = decoder_outputs[0]
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/switch_transformers/modeling_switch_transformers.py b/src/transformers/models/switch_transformers/modeling_switch_transformers.py
index c39e85bacdd3..b150b04eea57 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/switch_transformers/modeling_switch_transformers.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/switch_transformers/modeling_switch_transformers.py
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, EncoderDecoderCache, StaticCache
 from ...generation import GenerationMixin
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
 from ...modeling_outputs import (
     MoEModelOutput,
     MoEModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
     is_torch_fx_proxy,
+    is_torchdynamo_compiling,
     logging,
     replace_return_docstrings,
 )
@@ -355,7 +358,12 @@ def forward(self, hidden_states, output_router_logits):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Attention with T5->SwitchTransformers
 class SwitchTransformersAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config: SwitchTransformersConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: SwitchTransformersConfig,
+        has_relative_attention_bias=False,
+        layer_idx: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
@@ -366,6 +374,13 @@ def __init__(self, config: SwitchTransformersConfig, has_relative_attention_bias
         self.n_heads = config.num_heads
         self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
         self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None and self.is_decoder:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating a decoder {self.__class__.__name__} without passing `layer_idx` is not recommended and "
+                "will to errors during the forward call, if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
 
         # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
         self.q = nn.Linear(self.d_model, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
@@ -442,11 +457,14 @@ def _relative_position_bucket(relative_position, bidirectional=True, num_buckets
         relative_buckets += torch.where(is_small, relative_position, relative_position_if_large)
         return relative_buckets
 
-    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None):
+    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None, cache_position=None):
         """Compute binned relative position bias"""
         if device is None:
             device = self.relative_attention_bias.weight.device
-        context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        if cache_position is None:
+            context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        else:
+            context_position = cache_position[:, None].to(device)
         memory_position = torch.arange(key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[None, :]
         relative_position = memory_position - context_position  # shape (query_length, key_length)
         relative_position_bucket = self._relative_position_bucket(
@@ -470,94 +488,72 @@ def forward(
         query_length=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         """
         Self-attention (if key_value_states is None) or attention over source sentence (provided by key_value_states).
         """
         # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
-        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
-        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
+        # Mask is (batch_size, 1, 1, key_length) (non-causal encoder) or (batch_size, 1, seq_length, key_length) (causal decoder)
         batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]
 
-        real_seq_length = seq_length
+        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None
 
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if len(past_key_value) != 2:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"past_key_value should have 2 past states: keys and values. Got { len(past_key_value)} past states"
-                )
-            real_seq_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2] if query_length is None else query_length
-
-        key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]
-
-        def shape(states):
-            """projection"""
-            return states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        query_states = self.q(hidden_states)
+        query_states = query_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
-        def unshape(states):
-            """reshape"""
-            return states.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            is_updated = past_key_value.is_updated.get(self.layer_idx)
+            if is_cross_attention:
+                # after the first generated id, we can subsequently re-use all key/value_states from cache
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.cross_attention_cache
+            else:
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.self_attention_cache
 
-        def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
-            """projects hidden states correctly to key/query states"""
-            if key_value_states is None:
-                # self-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(hidden_states))
-            elif past_key_value is None:
-                # cross-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
+        current_states = key_value_states if is_cross_attention else hidden_states
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value is not None and is_updated:
+            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
+            key_states = curr_past_key_value.key_cache[self.layer_idx]
+            value_states = curr_past_key_value.value_cache[self.layer_idx]
+        else:
+            key_states = self.k(current_states)
+            value_states = self.v(current_states)
+            key_states = key_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            value_states = value_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
             if past_key_value is not None:
-                if key_value_states is None:
-                    # self-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, key_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = torch.cat([past_key_value, hidden_states], dim=2)
-                elif past_key_value.shape[2] != key_value_states.shape[1]:
-                    # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
-                    # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
-                    # cross-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
-                else:
-                    # cross-attn
-                    hidden_states = past_key_value
-            return hidden_states
-
-        # get query states
-        query_states = shape(self.q(hidden_states))  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-
-        # get key/value states
-        key_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.k, key_value_states, past_key_value[0] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
-        value_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.v, key_value_states, past_key_value[1] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
+                # save all key/value_states to cache to be re-used for fast auto-regressive generation
+                cache_position = cache_position if not is_cross_attention else None
+                key_states, value_states = curr_past_key_value.update(
+                    key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx, {"cache_position": cache_position}
+                )
+                # set flag that curr layer for cross-attn is already updated so we can re-use in subsequent calls
+                if is_cross_attention:
+                    past_key_value.is_updated[self.layer_idx] = True
 
-        # compute scores
-        scores = torch.matmul(
-            query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2)
-        )  # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        # compute scores, equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))
 
         if position_bias is None:
+            key_length = key_states.shape[-2]
+            # cache position is 0-indexed so we add 1 to get the real length of queries (aka with past)
+            real_seq_length = query_length if query_length is not None else cache_position[-1] + 1
             if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
                 position_bias = torch.zeros(
-                    (1, self.n_heads, real_seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
+                    (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
                 )
                 if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                     position_bias.requires_grad = True
             else:
-                position_bias = self.compute_bias(real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device)
-
-            # if key and values are already calculated
-            # we want only the last query position bias
-            if past_key_value is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]
+                position_bias = self.compute_bias(
+                    real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device, cache_position=cache_position
+                )
+                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -seq_length:, :]
 
             if mask is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias + mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+                causal_mask = mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+                position_bias = position_bias + causal_mask
 
         if self.pruned_heads:
             mask = torch.ones(position_bias.shape[1])
@@ -567,22 +563,22 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
             position_bias_masked = position_bias
 
         scores += position_bias_masked
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(
-            scores
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(
-            attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+
+        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(scores)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
 
         # Mask heads if we want to
         if layer_head_mask is not None:
             attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask
 
-        attn_output = unshape(torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states))  # (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
         attn_output = self.o(attn_output)
 
-        present_key_value_state = (key_states, value_states) if (self.is_decoder and use_cache) else None
-        outputs = (attn_output,) + (present_key_value_state,) + (position_bias,)
+        outputs = (attn_output, past_key_value, position_bias)
 
         if output_attentions:
             outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
@@ -591,10 +587,10 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerSelfAttention with T5->SwitchTransformers
 class SwitchTransformersLayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.SelfAttention = SwitchTransformersAttention(
-            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias
+            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
         )
         self.layer_norm = SwitchTransformersLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
@@ -608,6 +604,7 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.SelfAttention(
@@ -618,6 +615,7 @@ def forward(
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -626,9 +624,11 @@ def forward(
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerCrossAttention with T5->SwitchTransformers
 class SwitchTransformersLayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.EncDecAttention = SwitchTransformersAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
+        self.EncDecAttention = SwitchTransformersAttention(
+            config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx=layer_idx
+        )
         self.layer_norm = SwitchTransformersLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         query_length=None,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.EncDecAttention(
@@ -655,6 +656,7 @@ def forward(
             use_cache=use_cache,
             query_length=query_length,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -662,16 +664,18 @@ def forward(
 
 
 class SwitchTransformersBlock(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, is_sparse=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, is_sparse=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.is_sparse = is_sparse
         self.layer = nn.ModuleList()
         self.layer.append(
-            SwitchTransformersLayerSelfAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
+            SwitchTransformersLayerSelfAttention(
+                config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+            )
         )
         if self.is_decoder:
-            self.layer.append(SwitchTransformersLayerCrossAttention(config))
+            self.layer.append(SwitchTransformersLayerCrossAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx))
 
         self.layer.append(SwitchTransformersLayerFF(config, is_sparse=self.is_sparse))
 
@@ -690,34 +694,19 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions=False,
         output_router_logits=True,
         return_dict=True,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if not self.is_decoder:
-                logger.warning("`past_key_values` is passed to the encoder. Please make sure this is intended.")
-            expected_num_past_key_values = 2 if encoder_hidden_states is None else 4
-
-            if len(past_key_value) != expected_num_past_key_values:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"There should be {expected_num_past_key_values} past states. "
-                    f"{'2 (past / key) for cross attention. ' if expected_num_past_key_values == 4 else ''}"
-                    f"Got {len(past_key_value)} past key / value states"
-                )
-
-            self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2]
-            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[2:]
-        else:
-            self_attn_past_key_value, cross_attn_past_key_value = None, None
-
         self_attention_outputs = self.layer[0](
             hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             position_bias=position_bias,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
-            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
-        hidden_states, present_key_value_state = self_attention_outputs[:2]
+        hidden_states, past_key_value = self_attention_outputs[:2]
         attention_outputs = self_attention_outputs[2:]  # Keep self-attention outputs and relative position weights
 
         # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
@@ -727,35 +716,25 @@ def forward(
 
         do_cross_attention = self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None
         if do_cross_attention:
-            # the actual query length is unknown for cross attention
-            # if using past key value states. Need to inject it here
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                query_length = present_key_value_state[0].shape[2]
-            else:
-                query_length = None
-
             cross_attention_outputs = self.layer[1](
                 hidden_states,
                 key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                 position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                 layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
-                query_length=query_length,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                query_length=cache_position[-1] + 1,
                 use_cache=use_cache,
                 output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                cache_position=cache_position,
             )
-            hidden_states = cross_attention_outputs[0]
+            hidden_states, past_key_value = cross_attention_outputs[:2]
 
             # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
             if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16 and torch.isinf(hidden_states).any():
                 clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
                 hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
-            # Combine self attn and cross attn key value states
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                present_key_value_state = present_key_value_state + cross_attention_outputs[1]
-
             # Keep cross-attention outputs and relative position weights
             attention_outputs = attention_outputs + cross_attention_outputs[2:]
 
@@ -775,11 +754,11 @@ def forward(
         outputs = (hidden_states,)
 
         if use_cache:
-            outputs = outputs + (present_key_value_state,) + attention_outputs + (router_tuple,)
+            outputs = outputs + (past_key_value,) + attention_outputs + (router_tuple,)
         else:
             outputs = outputs + attention_outputs + (router_tuple,)
 
-        return outputs  # hidden-states, present_key_value_states, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights), (router_tuple)
+        return outputs  # hidden-states, past_key_value, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights), (router_tuple)
 
 
 class SwitchTransformersPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
@@ -791,6 +770,8 @@ class SwitchTransformersPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     config_class = SwitchTransformersConfig
     base_model_prefix = "switch_transformers"
     supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+    _supports_cache_class = True
+    _supports_static_cache = False
     _no_split_modules = ["SwitchTransformersBlock"]
 
     @property
@@ -897,7 +878,9 @@ def __init__(self, config, embed_tokens=None):
             is_sparse = (i % sparse_step == 1 or sparse_step == 1) if sparse_step > 0 else False
 
             self.block.append(
-                SwitchTransformersBlock(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0), is_sparse=is_sparse)
+                SwitchTransformersBlock(
+                    config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0), is_sparse=is_sparse, layer_idx=i
+                )
             )
 
         self.final_layer_norm = SwitchTransformersLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
@@ -930,6 +913,7 @@ def forward(
         output_hidden_states=None,
         output_router_logits=True,
         return_dict=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
         output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
@@ -952,6 +936,13 @@ def forward(
             err_msg_prefix = "decoder_" if self.is_decoder else ""
             raise ValueError(f"You have to specify either {err_msg_prefix}input_ids or {err_msg_prefix}inputs_embeds")
 
+        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+            if use_cache:
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
+                )
+                use_cache = False
+
         if inputs_embeds is None:
             if self.embed_tokens is None:
                 raise ValueError("You have to initialize the model with valid token embeddings")
@@ -959,28 +950,55 @@ def forward(
 
         batch_size, seq_length = input_shape
 
-        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
-        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
-
         if use_cache is True:
             if not self.is_decoder:
                 raise ValueError(f"`use_cache` can only be set to `True` if {self} is used as a decoder")
 
-        if attention_mask is None:
-            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
-        if self.is_decoder and encoder_attention_mask is None and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
-            encoder_seq_length = encoder_hidden_states.shape[1]
-            encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(
-                batch_size, encoder_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device, dtype=torch.long
+        # initialize past_key_values
+        return_legacy_cache = False
+        return_self_attention_cache = False
+        if self.is_decoder and (use_cache or past_key_values is not None):
+            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache) and not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_self_attention_cache = True
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(past_key_values, DynamicCache())
+            elif not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_legacy_cache = True
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "Passing a tuple of `past_key_values` is deprecated and will be removed in Transformers v4.48.0. "
+                    "You should pass an instance of `EncoderDecoderCache` instead, e.g. "
+                    "`past_key_values=EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)`."
+                )
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
+            elif past_key_values is None:
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(DynamicCache(), DynamicCache())
+        elif not self.is_decoder:
+            # do not pass cache object down the line for encoder stack
+            # it messes indexing later in decoder-stack because cache object is modified in-place
+            past_key_values = None
+
+        past_key_values_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(
+                past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device
             )
 
-        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
-        if past_key_values is None:
-            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.block)
+        if attention_mask is None and not is_torchdynamo_compiling():
+            # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past cache
+            mask_seq_length = past_key_values_length + seq_length
+            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
 
-        # We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
-        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
-        extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape)
+        if self.config.is_decoder:
+            causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds,
+                cache_position,
+                past_key_values.self_attention_cache if past_key_values is not None else None,
+                output_attentions,
+            )
+        else:
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+            causal_mask = causal_mask.to(dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype)
+            causal_mask = (1.0 - causal_mask) * torch.finfo(inputs_embeds.dtype).min
 
         # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
         # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
@@ -993,17 +1011,9 @@ def forward(
         else:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = None
 
-        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
-            if use_cache:
-                logger.warning_once(
-                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
-                )
-                use_cache = False
-
         # Prepare head mask if needed
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
         cross_attn_head_mask = self.get_head_mask(cross_attn_head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
-        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
         all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
         all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
         all_router_probs = () if output_router_logits else None
@@ -1013,7 +1023,7 @@ def forward(
 
         hidden_states = self.dropout(inputs_embeds)
 
-        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.block, past_key_values)):
+        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.block):
             layer_head_mask = head_mask[i]
             cross_attn_layer_head_mask = cross_attn_head_mask[i]
 
@@ -1024,7 +1034,7 @@ def forward(
                 layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                     layer_module.forward,
                     hidden_states,
-                    extended_attention_mask,
+                    causal_mask,
                     position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_extended_attention_mask,
@@ -1034,21 +1044,26 @@ def forward(
                     None,  # past_key_value is always None with gradient checkpointing
                     use_cache,
                     output_attentions,
+                    output_router_logits,
+                    return_dict,
+                    cache_position,
                 )
             else:
                 layer_outputs = layer_module(
                     hidden_states,
-                    attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
+                    attention_mask=causal_mask,
                     position_bias=position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                     encoder_decoder_position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                     layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                     cross_attn_layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                    past_key_value=past_key_values,
                     use_cache=use_cache,
                     output_attentions=output_attentions,
                     output_router_logits=output_router_logits,
+                    return_dict=return_dict,
+                    cache_position=cache_position,
                 )
 
             router_probs = layer_outputs[-1]
@@ -1059,7 +1074,7 @@ def forward(
             if use_cache is False:
                 layer_outputs = layer_outputs[:1] + (None,) + layer_outputs[1:]
 
-            hidden_states, present_key_value_state = layer_outputs[:2]
+            hidden_states, next_decoder_cache = layer_outputs[:2]
 
             # We share the position biases between the layers - the first layer store them
             # layer_outputs = hidden-states, key-value-states (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights),
@@ -1067,9 +1082,6 @@ def forward(
             position_bias = layer_outputs[2]
             if self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                 encoder_decoder_position_bias = layer_outputs[4 if output_attentions else 3]
-            # append next layer key value states
-            if use_cache:
-                present_key_value_states = present_key_value_states + (present_key_value_state,)
 
             if output_attentions:
                 all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[3],)
@@ -1086,12 +1098,18 @@ def forward(
         if output_hidden_states:
             all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
 
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+        if return_self_attention_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.self_attention_cache
+        if return_legacy_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.to_legacy_cache()
+
         if not return_dict:
             return tuple(
                 v
                 for v in [
                     hidden_states,
-                    present_key_value_states,
+                    next_cache,
                     all_hidden_states,
                     all_attentions,
                     all_cross_attentions,
@@ -1101,13 +1119,136 @@ def forward(
             )
         return MoEModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
             last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
-            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
             hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
             attentions=all_attentions,
             cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
             router_probs=all_router_probs,
         )
 
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(
+        self,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        input_tensor: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        past_key_values: Cache,
+        output_attentions: bool,
+    ):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        # For SDPA, when possible, we will rely on its `is_causal` argument instead of its `attn_mask` argument, in
+        # order to dispatch on Flash Attention 2. This feature is not compatible with static cache, as SDPA will fail
+        # to infer the attention mask.
+        past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        using_static_cache = isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache)
+
+        # When output attentions is True, sdpa implementation's forward method calls the eager implementation's forward
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and not using_static_cache and not output_attentions:
+            if AttentionMaskConverter._ignore_causal_mask_sdpa(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds=input_tensor,
+                past_key_values_length=past_seen_tokens,
+                is_training=self.training,
+            ):
+                return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        if using_static_cache:
+            target_length = past_key_values.get_max_cache_shape()
+        else:
+            target_length = (
+                attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor)
+                else past_seen_tokens + sequence_length + 1
+            )
+
+        # In case the provided `attention` mask is 2D, we generate a causal mask here (4D).
+        causal_mask = self._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+            attention_mask,
+            sequence_length=sequence_length,
+            target_length=target_length,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            device=device,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            batch_size=input_tensor.shape[0],
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+            and not output_attentions
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    @staticmethod
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaPreTrainedModel._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position
+    def _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        sequence_length: int,
+        target_length: int,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        device: torch.device,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        batch_size: int,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a causal 4D mask of shape `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)` from a 2D mask of shape
+        `(batch_size, key_value_length)`, or if the input `attention_mask` is already 4D, do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
+                A 2D attention mask of shape `(batch_size, key_value_length)` or a 4D attention mask of shape
+                `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)`.
+            sequence_length (`int`):
+                The sequence length being processed.
+            target_length (`int`):
+                The target length: when generating with static cache, the mask should be as long as the static cache,
+                to account for the 0 padding, the part of the cache that is not filled yet.
+            dtype (`torch.dtype`):
+                The dtype to use for the 4D attention mask.
+            device (`torch.device`):
+                The device to plcae the 4D attention mask on.
+            cache_position (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence.
+            batch_size (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Batch size.
+        """
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.dim() == 4:
+            # In this case we assume that the mask comes already in inverted form and requires no inversion or slicing.
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
+        else:
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = torch.full(
+                (sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device
+            )
+            if sequence_length != 1:
+                causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+            causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(batch_size, 1, -1, -1)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] + attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+                padding_mask = padding_mask == 0
+                causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length].masked_fill(
+                    padding_mask, min_dtype
+                )
+
+        return causal_mask
+
 
 SWITCH_TRANSFORMERS_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
 
@@ -1228,6 +1369,9 @@ def forward(
             should not be returned during inference.
         return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
             Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. It is used to update the
+            cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
 """
 
 SWITCH_TRANSFORMERS_ENCODER_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
@@ -1355,6 +1499,7 @@ def forward(
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_router_logits: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqMoEModelOutput]:
         r"""
         Returns:
@@ -1435,6 +1580,7 @@ def forward(
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             output_router_logits=output_router_logits,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         if not return_dict:
@@ -1535,6 +1681,7 @@ def forward(
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_router_logits: Optional[bool] = True,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqMoEOutput]:
         r"""
         labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
@@ -1618,6 +1765,7 @@ def forward(
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             output_router_logits=output_router_logits,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         sequence_output = decoder_outputs[0]
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/t5/configuration_t5.py b/src/transformers/models/t5/configuration_t5.py
index e5f2615611b8..be6fbe9528d1 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/t5/configuration_t5.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/t5/configuration_t5.py
@@ -73,7 +73,12 @@ class T5Config(PretrainedConfig):
 
     model_type = "t5"
     keys_to_ignore_at_inference = ["past_key_values"]
-    attribute_map = {"hidden_size": "d_model", "num_attention_heads": "num_heads", "num_hidden_layers": "num_layers"}
+    attribute_map = {
+        "hidden_size": "d_model",
+        "num_attention_heads": "num_heads",
+        "num_hidden_layers": "num_layers",
+        "head_dim": "d_kv",
+    }
 
     def __init__(
         self,
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/t5/modeling_t5.py b/src/transformers/models/t5/modeling_t5.py
index 91596f013ab4..9012c8db9feb 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/t5/modeling_t5.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/t5/modeling_t5.py
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@
 from torch.nn import BCEWithLogitsLoss, CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, EncoderDecoderCache, StaticCache
 from ...generation import GenerationMixin
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
 from ...modeling_outputs import (
     BaseModelOutput,
     BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
     is_torch_fx_proxy,
+    is_torchdynamo_compiling,
     logging,
     replace_return_docstrings,
 )
@@ -339,7 +342,12 @@ def forward(self, hidden_states):
 
 
 class T5Attention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config: T5Config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: T5Config,
+        has_relative_attention_bias=False,
+        layer_idx: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
@@ -350,6 +358,13 @@ def __init__(self, config: T5Config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
         self.n_heads = config.num_heads
         self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
         self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None and self.is_decoder:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating a decoder {self.__class__.__name__} without passing `layer_idx` is not recommended and "
+                "will to errors during the forward call, if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
 
         # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
         self.q = nn.Linear(self.d_model, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
@@ -426,11 +441,14 @@ def _relative_position_bucket(relative_position, bidirectional=True, num_buckets
         relative_buckets += torch.where(is_small, relative_position, relative_position_if_large)
         return relative_buckets
 
-    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None):
+    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None, cache_position=None):
         """Compute binned relative position bias"""
         if device is None:
             device = self.relative_attention_bias.weight.device
-        context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        if cache_position is None:
+            context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        else:
+            context_position = cache_position[:, None].to(device)
         memory_position = torch.arange(key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[None, :]
         relative_position = memory_position - context_position  # shape (query_length, key_length)
         relative_position_bucket = self._relative_position_bucket(
@@ -454,94 +472,72 @@ def forward(
         query_length=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         """
         Self-attention (if key_value_states is None) or attention over source sentence (provided by key_value_states).
         """
         # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
-        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
-        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
+        # Mask is (batch_size, 1, 1, key_length) (non-causal encoder) or (batch_size, 1, seq_length, key_length) (causal decoder)
         batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]
 
-        real_seq_length = seq_length
+        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None
 
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if len(past_key_value) != 2:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"past_key_value should have 2 past states: keys and values. Got { len(past_key_value)} past states"
-                )
-            real_seq_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2] if query_length is None else query_length
-
-        key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]
-
-        def shape(states):
-            """projection"""
-            return states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        query_states = self.q(hidden_states)
+        query_states = query_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
-        def unshape(states):
-            """reshape"""
-            return states.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            is_updated = past_key_value.is_updated.get(self.layer_idx)
+            if is_cross_attention:
+                # after the first generated id, we can subsequently re-use all key/value_states from cache
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.cross_attention_cache
+            else:
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.self_attention_cache
 
-        def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
-            """projects hidden states correctly to key/query states"""
-            if key_value_states is None:
-                # self-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(hidden_states))
-            elif past_key_value is None:
-                # cross-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
+        current_states = key_value_states if is_cross_attention else hidden_states
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value is not None and is_updated:
+            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
+            key_states = curr_past_key_value.key_cache[self.layer_idx]
+            value_states = curr_past_key_value.value_cache[self.layer_idx]
+        else:
+            key_states = self.k(current_states)
+            value_states = self.v(current_states)
+            key_states = key_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            value_states = value_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
             if past_key_value is not None:
-                if key_value_states is None:
-                    # self-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, key_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = torch.cat([past_key_value, hidden_states], dim=2)
-                elif past_key_value.shape[2] != key_value_states.shape[1]:
-                    # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
-                    # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
-                    # cross-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
-                else:
-                    # cross-attn
-                    hidden_states = past_key_value
-            return hidden_states
-
-        # get query states
-        query_states = shape(self.q(hidden_states))  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-
-        # get key/value states
-        key_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.k, key_value_states, past_key_value[0] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
-        value_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.v, key_value_states, past_key_value[1] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
+                # save all key/value_states to cache to be re-used for fast auto-regressive generation
+                cache_position = cache_position if not is_cross_attention else None
+                key_states, value_states = curr_past_key_value.update(
+                    key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx, {"cache_position": cache_position}
+                )
+                # set flag that curr layer for cross-attn is already updated so we can re-use in subsequent calls
+                if is_cross_attention:
+                    past_key_value.is_updated[self.layer_idx] = True
 
-        # compute scores
-        scores = torch.matmul(
-            query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2)
-        )  # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        # compute scores, equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))
 
         if position_bias is None:
+            key_length = key_states.shape[-2]
+            # cache position is 0-indexed so we add 1 to get the real length of queries (aka with past)
+            real_seq_length = query_length if query_length is not None else cache_position[-1] + 1
             if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
                 position_bias = torch.zeros(
-                    (1, self.n_heads, real_seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
+                    (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
                 )
                 if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                     position_bias.requires_grad = True
             else:
-                position_bias = self.compute_bias(real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device)
-
-            # if key and values are already calculated
-            # we want only the last query position bias
-            if past_key_value is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]
+                position_bias = self.compute_bias(
+                    real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device, cache_position=cache_position
+                )
+                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -seq_length:, :]
 
             if mask is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias + mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+                causal_mask = mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+                position_bias = position_bias + causal_mask
 
         if self.pruned_heads:
             mask = torch.ones(position_bias.shape[1])
@@ -551,22 +547,22 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
             position_bias_masked = position_bias
 
         scores += position_bias_masked
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(
-            scores
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(
-            attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+
+        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(scores)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
 
         # Mask heads if we want to
         if layer_head_mask is not None:
             attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask
 
-        attn_output = unshape(torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states))  # (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
         attn_output = self.o(attn_output)
 
-        present_key_value_state = (key_states, value_states) if (self.is_decoder and use_cache) else None
-        outputs = (attn_output,) + (present_key_value_state,) + (position_bias,)
+        outputs = (attn_output, past_key_value, position_bias)
 
         if output_attentions:
             outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
@@ -574,9 +570,11 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
 
 
 class T5LayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.SelfAttention = T5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
+        self.SelfAttention = T5Attention(
+            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+        )
         self.layer_norm = T5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -589,6 +587,7 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.SelfAttention(
@@ -599,6 +598,7 @@ def forward(
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -606,9 +606,9 @@ def forward(
 
 
 class T5LayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.EncDecAttention = T5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
+        self.EncDecAttention = T5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx=layer_idx)
         self.layer_norm = T5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -623,6 +623,7 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         query_length=None,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.EncDecAttention(
@@ -635,6 +636,7 @@ def forward(
             use_cache=use_cache,
             query_length=query_length,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -642,13 +644,15 @@ def forward(
 
 
 class T5Block(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.layer = nn.ModuleList()
-        self.layer.append(T5LayerSelfAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias))
+        self.layer.append(
+            T5LayerSelfAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx)
+        )
         if self.is_decoder:
-            self.layer.append(T5LayerCrossAttention(config))
+            self.layer.append(T5LayerCrossAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx))
 
         self.layer.append(T5LayerFF(config))
 
@@ -666,34 +670,19 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
         return_dict=True,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if not self.is_decoder:
-                logger.warning("`past_key_values` is passed to the encoder. Please make sure this is intended.")
-            expected_num_past_key_values = 2 if encoder_hidden_states is None else 4
-
-            if len(past_key_value) != expected_num_past_key_values:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"There should be {expected_num_past_key_values} past states. "
-                    f"{'2 (key / value) for cross attention. ' if expected_num_past_key_values == 4 else ''}"
-                    f"Got {len(past_key_value)} past key / value states"
-                )
-
-            self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2]
-            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[2:]
-        else:
-            self_attn_past_key_value, cross_attn_past_key_value = None, None
-
         self_attention_outputs = self.layer[0](
             hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             position_bias=position_bias,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
-            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
-        hidden_states, present_key_value_state = self_attention_outputs[:2]
+        hidden_states, past_key_value = self_attention_outputs[:2]
         attention_outputs = self_attention_outputs[2:]  # Keep self-attention outputs and relative position weights
 
         # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
@@ -707,25 +696,18 @@ def forward(
 
         do_cross_attention = self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None
         if do_cross_attention:
-            # the actual query length is unknown for cross attention
-            # if using past key value states. Need to inject it here
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                query_length = present_key_value_state[0].shape[2]
-            else:
-                query_length = None
-
             cross_attention_outputs = self.layer[1](
                 hidden_states,
                 key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                 position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                 layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
-                query_length=query_length,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                query_length=cache_position[-1] + 1,
                 use_cache=use_cache,
                 output_attentions=output_attentions,
             )
-            hidden_states = cross_attention_outputs[0]
+            hidden_states, past_key_value = cross_attention_outputs[:2]
 
             # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
             if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16:
@@ -736,10 +718,6 @@ def forward(
                 )
                 hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
-            # Combine self attn and cross attn key value states
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                present_key_value_state = present_key_value_state + cross_attention_outputs[1]
-
             # Keep cross-attention outputs and relative position weights
             attention_outputs = attention_outputs + cross_attention_outputs[2:]
 
@@ -758,11 +736,11 @@ def forward(
         outputs = (hidden_states,)
 
         if use_cache:
-            outputs = outputs + (present_key_value_state,) + attention_outputs
+            outputs = outputs + (past_key_value,) + attention_outputs
         else:
             outputs = outputs + attention_outputs
 
-        return outputs  # hidden-states, present_key_value_states, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
+        return outputs  # hidden-states, past_key_value, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
 
 
 class T5ClassificationHead(nn.Module):
@@ -794,6 +772,9 @@ class T5PreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     base_model_prefix = "transformer"
     is_parallelizable = True
     supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+    _supports_quantized_cache = False  # enc-dec models don't support yet
+    _supports_static_cache = True
+    _supports_cache_class = True
     _no_split_modules = ["T5Block"]
     _keep_in_fp32_modules = ["wo"]
 
@@ -905,7 +886,7 @@ def __init__(self, config, embed_tokens=None):
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
 
         self.block = nn.ModuleList(
-            [T5Block(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0)) for i in range(config.num_layers)]
+            [T5Block(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0), layer_idx=i) for i in range(config.num_layers)]
         )
         self.final_layer_norm = T5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
@@ -981,6 +962,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions=None,
         output_hidden_states=None,
         return_dict=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         # Model parallel
         if self.model_parallel:
@@ -1007,6 +989,13 @@ def forward(
             err_msg_prefix = "decoder_" if self.is_decoder else ""
             raise ValueError(f"You have to specify either {err_msg_prefix}input_ids or {err_msg_prefix}inputs_embeds")
 
+        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+            if use_cache:
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
+                )
+                use_cache = False
+
         if inputs_embeds is None:
             if self.embed_tokens is None:
                 raise ValueError("You have to initialize the model with valid token embeddings")
@@ -1014,23 +1003,57 @@ def forward(
 
         batch_size, seq_length = input_shape
 
-        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
-        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
-
         if use_cache is True:
             if not self.is_decoder:
                 raise ValueError(f"`use_cache` can only be set to `True` if {self} is used as a decoder")
 
-        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
-        if past_key_values is None:
-            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.block)
+        # initialize past_key_values
+        return_legacy_cache = False
+        return_self_attention_cache = False
+        if self.is_decoder and (use_cache or past_key_values is not None):
+            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache) and not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_self_attention_cache = True
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(past_key_values, DynamicCache())
+            elif not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_legacy_cache = True
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "Passing a tuple of `past_key_values` is deprecated and will be removed in Transformers v4.48.0. "
+                    "You should pass an instance of `EncoderDecoderCache` instead, e.g. "
+                    "`past_key_values=EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)`."
+                )
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
+            elif past_key_values is None:
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(DynamicCache(), DynamicCache())
+        elif not self.is_decoder:
+            # do not pass cache object down the line for encoder stack
+            # it messes indexing later in decoder-stack because cache object is modified in-place
+            past_key_values = None
+
+        past_key_values_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(
+                past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device
+            )
 
-        if attention_mask is None:
+        if attention_mask is None and not is_torchdynamo_compiling():
+            # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past cache
+            mask_seq_length = past_key_values_length + seq_length
             attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
 
-        # We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
-        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
-        extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape)
+        if self.config.is_decoder:
+            causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds,
+                cache_position,
+                past_key_values.self_attention_cache if past_key_values is not None else None,
+                output_attentions,
+            )
+        elif attention_mask is not None:
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+            causal_mask = causal_mask.to(dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype)
+            causal_mask = (1.0 - causal_mask) * torch.finfo(inputs_embeds.dtype).min
+        else:
+            causal_mask = None
 
         # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
         # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
@@ -1045,17 +1068,9 @@ def forward(
         else:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = None
 
-        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
-            if use_cache:
-                logger.warning_once(
-                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
-                )
-                use_cache = False
-
         # Prepare head mask if needed
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
         cross_attn_head_mask = self.get_head_mask(cross_attn_head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
-        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
         all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
         all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
         all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions and self.is_decoder) else None
@@ -1064,15 +1079,15 @@ def forward(
 
         hidden_states = self.dropout(inputs_embeds)
 
-        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.block, past_key_values)):
+        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.block):
             layer_head_mask = head_mask[i]
             cross_attn_layer_head_mask = cross_attn_head_mask[i]
             # Model parallel
             if self.model_parallel:
                 torch.cuda.set_device(hidden_states.device)
                 # Ensure that attention_mask is always on the same device as hidden_states
-                if attention_mask is not None:
-                    attention_mask = attention_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
+                if causal_mask is not None:
+                    causal_mask = causal_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
                 if position_bias is not None:
                     position_bias = position_bias.to(hidden_states.device)
                 if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
@@ -1092,7 +1107,7 @@ def forward(
                 layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                     layer_module.forward,
                     hidden_states,
-                    extended_attention_mask,
+                    causal_mask,
                     position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_extended_attention_mask,
@@ -1102,20 +1117,24 @@ def forward(
                     None,  # past_key_value is always None with gradient checkpointing
                     use_cache,
                     output_attentions,
+                    return_dict,
+                    cache_position,
                 )
             else:
                 layer_outputs = layer_module(
                     hidden_states,
-                    attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
+                    attention_mask=causal_mask,
                     position_bias=position_bias,
                     encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                     encoder_decoder_position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                     layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                     cross_attn_layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                    past_key_value=past_key_values,
                     use_cache=use_cache,
                     output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                    return_dict=return_dict,
+                    cache_position=cache_position,
                 )
 
             # layer_outputs is a tuple with:
@@ -1123,7 +1142,7 @@ def forward(
             if use_cache is False:
                 layer_outputs = layer_outputs[:1] + (None,) + layer_outputs[1:]
 
-            hidden_states, present_key_value_state = layer_outputs[:2]
+            hidden_states, next_decoder_cache = layer_outputs[:2]
 
             # We share the position biases between the layers - the first layer store them
             # layer_outputs = hidden-states, key-value-states (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights),
@@ -1131,9 +1150,6 @@ def forward(
             position_bias = layer_outputs[2]
             if self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                 encoder_decoder_position_bias = layer_outputs[4 if output_attentions else 3]
-            # append next layer key value states
-            if use_cache:
-                present_key_value_states = present_key_value_states + (present_key_value_state,)
 
             if output_attentions:
                 all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[3],)
@@ -1153,12 +1169,18 @@ def forward(
         if output_hidden_states:
             all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
 
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+        if return_self_attention_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.self_attention_cache
+        if return_legacy_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.to_legacy_cache()
+
         if not return_dict:
             return tuple(
                 v
                 for v in [
                     hidden_states,
-                    present_key_value_states,
+                    next_cache,
                     all_hidden_states,
                     all_attentions,
                     all_cross_attentions,
@@ -1167,12 +1189,135 @@ def forward(
             )
         return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
             last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
-            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
             hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
             attentions=all_attentions,
             cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
         )
 
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(
+        self,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        input_tensor: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        past_key_values: Cache,
+        output_attentions: bool,
+    ):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        # For SDPA, when possible, we will rely on its `is_causal` argument instead of its `attn_mask` argument, in
+        # order to dispatch on Flash Attention 2. This feature is not compatible with static cache, as SDPA will fail
+        # to infer the attention mask.
+        past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        using_static_cache = isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache)
+
+        # When output attentions is True, sdpa implementation's forward method calls the eager implementation's forward
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and not using_static_cache and not output_attentions:
+            if AttentionMaskConverter._ignore_causal_mask_sdpa(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds=input_tensor,
+                past_key_values_length=past_seen_tokens,
+                is_training=self.training,
+            ):
+                return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        if using_static_cache:
+            target_length = past_key_values.get_max_cache_shape()
+        else:
+            target_length = (
+                attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor)
+                else past_seen_tokens + sequence_length + 1
+            )
+
+        # In case the provided `attention` mask is 2D, we generate a causal mask here (4D).
+        causal_mask = self._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+            attention_mask,
+            sequence_length=sequence_length,
+            target_length=target_length,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            device=device,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            batch_size=input_tensor.shape[0],
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+            and not output_attentions
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    @staticmethod
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaPreTrainedModel._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position
+    def _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        sequence_length: int,
+        target_length: int,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        device: torch.device,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        batch_size: int,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a causal 4D mask of shape `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)` from a 2D mask of shape
+        `(batch_size, key_value_length)`, or if the input `attention_mask` is already 4D, do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
+                A 2D attention mask of shape `(batch_size, key_value_length)` or a 4D attention mask of shape
+                `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)`.
+            sequence_length (`int`):
+                The sequence length being processed.
+            target_length (`int`):
+                The target length: when generating with static cache, the mask should be as long as the static cache,
+                to account for the 0 padding, the part of the cache that is not filled yet.
+            dtype (`torch.dtype`):
+                The dtype to use for the 4D attention mask.
+            device (`torch.device`):
+                The device to plcae the 4D attention mask on.
+            cache_position (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence.
+            batch_size (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Batch size.
+        """
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.dim() == 4:
+            # In this case we assume that the mask comes already in inverted form and requires no inversion or slicing.
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
+        else:
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = torch.full(
+                (sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device
+            )
+            if sequence_length != 1:
+                causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+            causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(batch_size, 1, -1, -1)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] + attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+                padding_mask = padding_mask == 0
+                causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length].masked_fill(
+                    padding_mask, min_dtype
+                )
+
+        return causal_mask
+
 
 T5_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
 
@@ -1286,6 +1431,9 @@ def forward(
             more detail.
         return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
             Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. It is used to update the
+            cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
 """
 
 T5_ENCODER_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
@@ -1446,6 +1594,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqModelOutput]:
         r"""
         Returns:
@@ -1525,6 +1674,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         if not return_dict:
@@ -1656,6 +1806,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqLMOutput]:
         r"""
         labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
@@ -1750,6 +1901,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         sequence_output = decoder_outputs[0]
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/udop/modeling_udop.py b/src/transformers/models/udop/modeling_udop.py
index 6be8752d5b63..1928ac8a5c20 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/udop/modeling_udop.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/udop/modeling_udop.py
@@ -34,13 +34,16 @@
 )
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, EncoderDecoderCache, StaticCache
 from ...generation import GenerationMixin
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
 from ...modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
 from ...pytorch_utils import find_pruneable_heads_and_indices, prune_linear_layer
 from ...utils import (
     ModelOutput,
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
+    is_torchdynamo_compiling,
     replace_return_docstrings,
 )
 
@@ -154,6 +157,9 @@
             more detail.
         return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
             Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. It is used to update the
+            cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
 """
 
 
@@ -411,6 +417,8 @@ class UdopPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     config_class = UdopConfig
     base_model_prefix = "transformer"
     supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+    _supports_cache_class = True
+    _supports_static_cache = False
     _keep_in_fp32_modules = ["wo"]
 
     def _init_weights(self, module):
@@ -598,7 +606,12 @@ def forward(self, hidden_states):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Attention with T5->Udop
 class UdopAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config: UdopConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: UdopConfig,
+        has_relative_attention_bias=False,
+        layer_idx: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
@@ -609,6 +622,13 @@ def __init__(self, config: UdopConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
         self.n_heads = config.num_heads
         self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
         self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None and self.is_decoder:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating a decoder {self.__class__.__name__} without passing `layer_idx` is not recommended and "
+                "will to errors during the forward call, if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
 
         # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
         self.q = nn.Linear(self.d_model, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
@@ -685,11 +705,14 @@ def _relative_position_bucket(relative_position, bidirectional=True, num_buckets
         relative_buckets += torch.where(is_small, relative_position, relative_position_if_large)
         return relative_buckets
 
-    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None):
+    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None, cache_position=None):
         """Compute binned relative position bias"""
         if device is None:
             device = self.relative_attention_bias.weight.device
-        context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        if cache_position is None:
+            context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        else:
+            context_position = cache_position[:, None].to(device)
         memory_position = torch.arange(key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[None, :]
         relative_position = memory_position - context_position  # shape (query_length, key_length)
         relative_position_bucket = self._relative_position_bucket(
@@ -713,94 +736,72 @@ def forward(
         query_length=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         """
         Self-attention (if key_value_states is None) or attention over source sentence (provided by key_value_states).
         """
         # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
-        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
-        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
+        # Mask is (batch_size, 1, 1, key_length) (non-causal encoder) or (batch_size, 1, seq_length, key_length) (causal decoder)
         batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]
 
-        real_seq_length = seq_length
-
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if len(past_key_value) != 2:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"past_key_value should have 2 past states: keys and values. Got { len(past_key_value)} past states"
-                )
-            real_seq_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2] if query_length is None else query_length
-
-        key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]
+        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None
 
-        def shape(states):
-            """projection"""
-            return states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+        query_states = self.q(hidden_states)
+        query_states = query_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
-        def unshape(states):
-            """reshape"""
-            return states.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            is_updated = past_key_value.is_updated.get(self.layer_idx)
+            if is_cross_attention:
+                # after the first generated id, we can subsequently re-use all key/value_states from cache
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.cross_attention_cache
+            else:
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.self_attention_cache
 
-        def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
-            """projects hidden states correctly to key/query states"""
-            if key_value_states is None:
-                # self-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(hidden_states))
-            elif past_key_value is None:
-                # cross-attn
-                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
+        current_states = key_value_states if is_cross_attention else hidden_states
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value is not None and is_updated:
+            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
+            key_states = curr_past_key_value.key_cache[self.layer_idx]
+            value_states = curr_past_key_value.value_cache[self.layer_idx]
+        else:
+            key_states = self.k(current_states)
+            value_states = self.v(current_states)
+            key_states = key_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            value_states = value_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
             if past_key_value is not None:
-                if key_value_states is None:
-                    # self-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, key_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = torch.cat([past_key_value, hidden_states], dim=2)
-                elif past_key_value.shape[2] != key_value_states.shape[1]:
-                    # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
-                    # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
-                    # cross-attn
-                    # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-                    hidden_states = shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
-                else:
-                    # cross-attn
-                    hidden_states = past_key_value
-            return hidden_states
-
-        # get query states
-        query_states = shape(self.q(hidden_states))  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
-
-        # get key/value states
-        key_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.k, key_value_states, past_key_value[0] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
-        value_states = project(
-            hidden_states, self.v, key_value_states, past_key_value[1] if past_key_value is not None else None
-        )
+                # save all key/value_states to cache to be re-used for fast auto-regressive generation
+                cache_position = cache_position if not is_cross_attention else None
+                key_states, value_states = curr_past_key_value.update(
+                    key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx, {"cache_position": cache_position}
+                )
+                # set flag that curr layer for cross-attn is already updated so we can re-use in subsequent calls
+                if is_cross_attention:
+                    past_key_value.is_updated[self.layer_idx] = True
 
-        # compute scores
-        scores = torch.matmul(
-            query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2)
-        )  # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        # compute scores, equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))
 
         if position_bias is None:
+            key_length = key_states.shape[-2]
+            # cache position is 0-indexed so we add 1 to get the real length of queries (aka with past)
+            real_seq_length = query_length if query_length is not None else cache_position[-1] + 1
             if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
                 position_bias = torch.zeros(
-                    (1, self.n_heads, real_seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
+                    (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
                 )
                 if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                     position_bias.requires_grad = True
             else:
-                position_bias = self.compute_bias(real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device)
-
-            # if key and values are already calculated
-            # we want only the last query position bias
-            if past_key_value is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]
+                position_bias = self.compute_bias(
+                    real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device, cache_position=cache_position
+                )
+                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -seq_length:, :]
 
             if mask is not None:
-                position_bias = position_bias + mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+                causal_mask = mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+                position_bias = position_bias + causal_mask
 
         if self.pruned_heads:
             mask = torch.ones(position_bias.shape[1])
@@ -810,22 +811,22 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
             position_bias_masked = position_bias
 
         scores += position_bias_masked
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(
-            scores
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(
-            attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training
-        )  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+
+        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(scores)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
 
         # Mask heads if we want to
         if layer_head_mask is not None:
             attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask
 
-        attn_output = unshape(torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states))  # (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)
         attn_output = self.o(attn_output)
 
-        present_key_value_state = (key_states, value_states) if (self.is_decoder and use_cache) else None
-        outputs = (attn_output,) + (present_key_value_state,) + (position_bias,)
+        outputs = (attn_output, past_key_value, position_bias)
 
         if output_attentions:
             outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
@@ -834,9 +835,11 @@ def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerSelfAttention with T5->Udop
 class UdopLayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.SelfAttention = UdopAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
+        self.SelfAttention = UdopAttention(
+            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+        )
         self.layer_norm = UdopLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -849,6 +852,7 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.SelfAttention(
@@ -859,6 +863,7 @@ def forward(
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -867,9 +872,9 @@ def forward(
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerCrossAttention with T5->Udop
 class UdopLayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.EncDecAttention = UdopAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
+        self.EncDecAttention = UdopAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx=layer_idx)
         self.layer_norm = UdopLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -884,6 +889,7 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         query_length=None,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.EncDecAttention(
@@ -896,6 +902,7 @@ def forward(
             use_cache=use_cache,
             query_length=query_length,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -904,13 +911,17 @@ def forward(
 
 # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Block with T5->Udop
 class UdopBlock(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.layer = nn.ModuleList()
-        self.layer.append(UdopLayerSelfAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias))
+        self.layer.append(
+            UdopLayerSelfAttention(
+                config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias, layer_idx=layer_idx
+            )
+        )
         if self.is_decoder:
-            self.layer.append(UdopLayerCrossAttention(config))
+            self.layer.append(UdopLayerCrossAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx))
 
         self.layer.append(UdopLayerFF(config))
 
@@ -928,34 +939,19 @@ def forward(
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
         return_dict=True,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            if not self.is_decoder:
-                logger.warning("`past_key_values` is passed to the encoder. Please make sure this is intended.")
-            expected_num_past_key_values = 2 if encoder_hidden_states is None else 4
-
-            if len(past_key_value) != expected_num_past_key_values:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"There should be {expected_num_past_key_values} past states. "
-                    f"{'2 (key / value) for cross attention. ' if expected_num_past_key_values == 4 else ''}"
-                    f"Got {len(past_key_value)} past key / value states"
-                )
-
-            self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2]
-            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[2:]
-        else:
-            self_attn_past_key_value, cross_attn_past_key_value = None, None
-
         self_attention_outputs = self.layer[0](
             hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             position_bias=position_bias,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
-            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            past_key_value=past_key_value,
             use_cache=use_cache,
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
-        hidden_states, present_key_value_state = self_attention_outputs[:2]
+        hidden_states, past_key_value = self_attention_outputs[:2]
         attention_outputs = self_attention_outputs[2:]  # Keep self-attention outputs and relative position weights
 
         # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
@@ -969,25 +965,18 @@ def forward(
 
         do_cross_attention = self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None
         if do_cross_attention:
-            # the actual query length is unknown for cross attention
-            # if using past key value states. Need to inject it here
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                query_length = present_key_value_state[0].shape[2]
-            else:
-                query_length = None
-
             cross_attention_outputs = self.layer[1](
                 hidden_states,
                 key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                 position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                 layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
-                query_length=query_length,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                query_length=cache_position[-1] + 1,
                 use_cache=use_cache,
                 output_attentions=output_attentions,
             )
-            hidden_states = cross_attention_outputs[0]
+            hidden_states, past_key_value = cross_attention_outputs[:2]
 
             # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
             if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16:
@@ -998,10 +987,6 @@ def forward(
                 )
                 hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
-            # Combine self attn and cross attn key value states
-            if present_key_value_state is not None:
-                present_key_value_state = present_key_value_state + cross_attention_outputs[1]
-
             # Keep cross-attention outputs and relative position weights
             attention_outputs = attention_outputs + cross_attention_outputs[2:]
 
@@ -1020,11 +1005,11 @@ def forward(
         outputs = (hidden_states,)
 
         if use_cache:
-            outputs = outputs + (present_key_value_state,) + attention_outputs
+            outputs = outputs + (past_key_value,) + attention_outputs
         else:
             outputs = outputs + attention_outputs
 
-        return outputs  # hidden-states, present_key_value_states, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
+        return outputs  # hidden-states, past_key_value, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
 
 
 class UdopCellEmbeddings(nn.Module):
@@ -1286,7 +1271,7 @@ def __init__(self, config, embed_tokens=None, embed_patches=None):
         self.num_layers = config.num_layers
 
         self.block = nn.ModuleList(
-            [UdopBlock(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0)) for i in range(self.num_layers)]
+            [UdopBlock(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0), layer_idx=i) for i in range(self.num_layers)]
         )
         self.final_layer_norm = UdopLayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
 
@@ -1338,6 +1323,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions=None,
         output_hidden_states=None,
         return_dict=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
         output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
@@ -1399,26 +1385,54 @@ def forward(
 
         batch_size, seq_length = input_shape
 
-        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
-        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
-
         if use_cache is True:
             assert self.is_decoder, "`use_cache` can only be set to `True` if {} is used as a decoder".format(self)
 
-        if attention_mask is None:
-            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length).to(inputs_embeds.device)
-        if self.is_decoder and encoder_attention_mask is None and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
-            encoder_seq_length = encoder_hidden_states.shape[1]
-            encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(
-                batch_size, encoder_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device, dtype=torch.long
+        # initialize past_key_values
+        return_legacy_cache = False
+        return_self_attention_cache = False
+        if self.is_decoder and (use_cache or past_key_values is not None):
+            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache) and not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_self_attention_cache = True
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(past_key_values, DynamicCache())
+            elif not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_legacy_cache = True
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "Passing a tuple of `past_key_values` is deprecated and will be removed in Transformers v4.48.0. "
+                    "You should pass an instance of `EncoderDecoderCache` instead, e.g. "
+                    "`past_key_values=EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)`."
+                )
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
+            elif past_key_values is None:
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(DynamicCache(), DynamicCache())
+        elif not self.is_decoder:
+            # do not pass cache object down the line for encoder stack
+            # it messes indexing later in decoder-stack because cache object is modified in-place
+            past_key_values = None
+
+        past_key_values_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(
+                past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device
             )
 
-        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
-        if past_key_values is None:
-            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.block)
+        if attention_mask is None and not is_torchdynamo_compiling():
+            # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past cache
+            mask_seq_length = past_key_values_length + seq_length
+            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
 
-        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
-        extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape)
+        if self.config.is_decoder:
+            causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds,
+                cache_position,
+                past_key_values.self_attention_cache if past_key_values is not None else None,
+                output_attentions,
+            )
+        else:
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+            causal_mask = causal_mask.to(dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype)
+            causal_mask = (1.0 - causal_mask) * torch.finfo(inputs_embeds.dtype).min
 
         if self.is_decoder and encoder_attention_mask is not None:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = self.invert_attention_mask(encoder_attention_mask)
@@ -1427,7 +1441,6 @@ def forward(
 
         # Prepare head mask if needed
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.num_layers)
-        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
         all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
         all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
         all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions and self.is_decoder) else None
@@ -1436,34 +1449,35 @@ def forward(
             position_bias = None
         else:
             position_bias = self.relative_bias(attention_mask=attention_mask, bbox=bbox)
-            position_bias = position_bias + extended_attention_mask
+            position_bias = position_bias + causal_mask
         encoder_decoder_position_bias = None
 
         hidden_states = inputs_embeds
 
         hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
 
-        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.block, past_key_values)):
+        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.block):
             if output_hidden_states:
                 all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
 
             layer_outputs = layer_module(
                 hidden_states,
-                attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
+                attention_mask=causal_mask,
                 position_bias=position_bias,
                 encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                 encoder_decoder_position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                 layer_head_mask=head_mask[i],
-                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                past_key_value=past_key_values,
                 use_cache=use_cache,
                 output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                cache_position=cache_position,
             )
             # layer_outputs is a tuple with:
             # hidden-states, key-value-states, (self-attention weights), (self-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias)
             if use_cache is False:  # MP fixes
                 layer_outputs = layer_outputs[:1] + (None,) + layer_outputs[1:]
-            hidden_states, present_key_value_state = layer_outputs[:2]
+            hidden_states, next_decoder_cache = layer_outputs[:2]
 
             # We share the position biases between the layers - the first layer store them
             # layer_outputs = hidden-states, key-value-states (self-attention weights),
@@ -1472,9 +1486,6 @@ def forward(
             position_bias = layer_outputs[2]
             if self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                 encoder_decoder_position_bias = layer_outputs[4 if output_attentions else 3]
-            # append next layer key value states
-            if use_cache:
-                present_key_value_states = present_key_value_states + (present_key_value_state,)
 
             if output_attentions:
                 all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[2],)  # We keep only self-attention weights for now
@@ -1488,13 +1499,19 @@ def forward(
         if output_hidden_states:
             all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
 
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+        if return_self_attention_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.self_attention_cache
+        if return_legacy_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.to_legacy_cache()
+
         if not return_dict:
             return tuple(
                 v
                 for v in [
                     hidden_states,
                     attention_mask,
-                    present_key_value_states,
+                    next_cache,
                     all_hidden_states,
                     all_attentions,
                     all_cross_attentions,
@@ -1505,12 +1522,135 @@ def forward(
         return BaseModelOutputWithAttentionMask(
             last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
-            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
             hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
             attentions=all_attentions,
             cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
         )
 
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(
+        self,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        input_tensor: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        past_key_values: Cache,
+        output_attentions: bool,
+    ):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        # For SDPA, when possible, we will rely on its `is_causal` argument instead of its `attn_mask` argument, in
+        # order to dispatch on Flash Attention 2. This feature is not compatible with static cache, as SDPA will fail
+        # to infer the attention mask.
+        past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        using_static_cache = isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache)
+
+        # When output attentions is True, sdpa implementation's forward method calls the eager implementation's forward
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and not using_static_cache and not output_attentions:
+            if AttentionMaskConverter._ignore_causal_mask_sdpa(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds=input_tensor,
+                past_key_values_length=past_seen_tokens,
+                is_training=self.training,
+            ):
+                return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        if using_static_cache:
+            target_length = past_key_values.get_max_cache_shape()
+        else:
+            target_length = (
+                attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor)
+                else past_seen_tokens + sequence_length + 1
+            )
+
+        # In case the provided `attention` mask is 2D, we generate a causal mask here (4D).
+        causal_mask = self._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+            attention_mask,
+            sequence_length=sequence_length,
+            target_length=target_length,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            device=device,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            batch_size=input_tensor.shape[0],
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+            and not output_attentions
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    @staticmethod
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaPreTrainedModel._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position
+    def _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        sequence_length: int,
+        target_length: int,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        device: torch.device,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        batch_size: int,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a causal 4D mask of shape `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)` from a 2D mask of shape
+        `(batch_size, key_value_length)`, or if the input `attention_mask` is already 4D, do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
+                A 2D attention mask of shape `(batch_size, key_value_length)` or a 4D attention mask of shape
+                `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)`.
+            sequence_length (`int`):
+                The sequence length being processed.
+            target_length (`int`):
+                The target length: when generating with static cache, the mask should be as long as the static cache,
+                to account for the 0 padding, the part of the cache that is not filled yet.
+            dtype (`torch.dtype`):
+                The dtype to use for the 4D attention mask.
+            device (`torch.device`):
+                The device to plcae the 4D attention mask on.
+            cache_position (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence.
+            batch_size (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Batch size.
+        """
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.dim() == 4:
+            # In this case we assume that the mask comes already in inverted form and requires no inversion or slicing.
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
+        else:
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = torch.full(
+                (sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device
+            )
+            if sequence_length != 1:
+                causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+            causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(batch_size, 1, -1, -1)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] + attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+                padding_mask = padding_mask == 0
+                causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length].masked_fill(
+                    padding_mask, min_dtype
+                )
+
+        return causal_mask
+
 
 @add_start_docstrings(
     "The bare UDOP encoder-decoder Transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
@@ -1584,6 +1724,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Tuple[Tensor, ...]:
         r"""
         Returns:
@@ -1653,6 +1794,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         if not return_dict:
@@ -1759,6 +1901,7 @@ def forward(
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
         labels: Optional[Tensor] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Tuple[Tensor, ...]:
         r"""
         labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
@@ -1837,6 +1980,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         sequence_output = decoder_outputs[0]
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/umt5/configuration_umt5.py b/src/transformers/models/umt5/configuration_umt5.py
index d7323d759fd0..ba8ea0460ba0 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/umt5/configuration_umt5.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/umt5/configuration_umt5.py
@@ -72,7 +72,12 @@ class UMT5Config(PretrainedConfig):
 
     model_type = "umt5"
     keys_to_ignore_at_inference = ["past_key_values"]
-    attribute_map = {"hidden_size": "d_model", "num_attention_heads": "num_heads", "num_hidden_layers": "num_layers"}
+    attribute_map = {
+        "hidden_size": "d_model",
+        "num_attention_heads": "num_heads",
+        "num_hidden_layers": "num_layers",
+        "head_dim": "d_kv",
+    }
 
     def __init__(
         self,
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/umt5/modeling_umt5.py b/src/transformers/models/umt5/modeling_umt5.py
index bd621fc2fb3a..985dc5e4426d 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/umt5/modeling_umt5.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/umt5/modeling_umt5.py
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 from torch.nn import BCEWithLogitsLoss, CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, EncoderDecoderCache, StaticCache
 from ...generation import GenerationMixin
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
 from ...modeling_outputs import (
     BaseModelOutput,
     BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
     is_torch_fx_proxy,
+    is_torchdynamo_compiling,
     logging,
     replace_return_docstrings,
 )
@@ -155,7 +158,7 @@ class UMT5Attention(nn.Module):
     T5's attention using relative_attention_bias.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
+    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
@@ -166,6 +169,13 @@ def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
         self.n_heads = config.num_heads
         self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
         self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        if layer_idx is None and self.is_decoder:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                f"Instantiating a decoder {self.__class__.__name__} without passing `layer_idx` is not recommended and "
+                "will to errors during the forward call, if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `layer_idx` "
+                "when creating this class."
+            )
 
         # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
         self.q = nn.Linear(self.d_model, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
@@ -230,11 +240,14 @@ def _relative_position_bucket(self, relative_position):
         relative_buckets += torch.where(is_small, relative_position, relative_position_if_large)
         return relative_buckets
 
-    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None):
+    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None, cache_position=None):
         """Compute binned relative position bias"""
         if device is None:
             device = self.relative_attention_bias.weight.device
-        context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        if cache_position is None:
+            context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
+        else:
+            context_position = cache_position[:, None]
         memory_position = torch.arange(key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[None, :]
         relative_position = memory_position - context_position  # shape (query_length, key_length)
         relative_position_bucket = self._relative_position_bucket(relative_position)
@@ -249,78 +262,95 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
         attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
         layer_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
     ):
-        is_cross_attention = encoder_hidden_states is not None
         batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]
 
-        # use encoder_hidden_states if cross attention
-        current_states = encoder_hidden_states if encoder_hidden_states is not None else hidden_states
-        # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as the he provided
-        # `encoder_hidden_states` to support prefix tuning
-        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value and past_key_value[0].shape[2] == current_states.shape[1]:
+        # if encoder_hidden_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = encoder_hidden_states is not None
+
+        query_states = self.q(hidden_states)
+        query_states = query_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+
+        if past_key_value is not None:
+            is_updated = past_key_value.is_updated.get(self.layer_idx)
+            if is_cross_attention:
+                # after the first generated id, we can subsequently re-use all key/value_states from cache
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.cross_attention_cache
+            else:
+                curr_past_key_value = past_key_value.self_attention_cache
+
+        current_states = encoder_hidden_states if is_cross_attention else hidden_states
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value is not None and is_updated:
             # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
-            key_states = past_key_value[0]
-            value_states = past_key_value[1]
+            key_states = curr_past_key_value.key_cache[self.layer_idx]
+            value_states = curr_past_key_value.value_cache[self.layer_idx]
         else:
-            key_states = self._shape(self.k(current_states))
-            value_states = self._shape(self.v(current_states))
-            if past_key_value is not None and not is_cross_attention:
-                # reuse k, v, self_attention
-                key_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[0], key_states], dim=2)
-                value_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[1], value_states], dim=2)
-
-        query_states = self._shape(self.q(hidden_states))
-        attention_scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(-1, -2))
+            key_states = self.k(current_states)
+            value_states = self.v(current_states)
+            key_states = key_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
+            value_states = value_states.view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)
 
-        # compute positional bias
-        if self.has_relative_attention_bias:
-            query_length = seq_length
             if past_key_value is not None:
-                query_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2]
-            position_bias = self.compute_bias(query_length, key_states.size(2), device=attention_scores.device)
-        else:
+                # save all key/value_states to cache to be re-used for fast auto-regressive generation
+                cache_position = cache_position if not is_cross_attention else None
+                key_states, value_states = curr_past_key_value.update(
+                    key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx, {"cache_position": cache_position}
+                )
+                # set flag that curr layer for cross-attn is already updated so we can re-use in subsequent calls
+                if is_cross_attention:
+                    past_key_value.is_updated[self.layer_idx] = True
+
+        # compute scores, equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
+        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))
+
+        # cache position is 0-indexed so we add 1 to get the real length of queries (aka with past)
+        real_seq_length = seq_length + past_key_value.get_seq_length() if past_key_value is not None else seq_length
+        key_length = key_states.shape[-2]
+        if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
             position_bias = torch.zeros(
-                (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, key_states.size(2)),
-                device=attention_scores.device,
-                dtype=attention_scores.dtype,
-                requires_grad=self.training,
+                (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
             )
-        if past_key_value is not None:
-            position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]
+        else:
+            position_bias = self.compute_bias(
+                real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device, cache_position=cache_position
+            )
+            position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -seq_length:, :]
+
         if attention_mask is not None:
-            position_bias = position_bias + attention_mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
+            position_bias = position_bias + causal_mask
+
+        if self.pruned_heads:
+            mask = torch.ones(position_bias.shape[1])
+            mask[list(self.pruned_heads)] = 0
+            position_bias_masked = position_bias[:, mask.bool()]
+        else:
+            position_bias_masked = position_bias
+
+        scores += position_bias_masked
 
-        if self.is_decoder:
-            # if cross_attention save Tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) of all cross attention key/value_states.
-            # Further calls to cross_attention layer can then reuse all cross-attention
-            # key/value_states (first "if" case)
-            # if uni-directional self-attention (decoder) save Tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) of
-            # all previous decoder key/value_states. Further calls to uni-directional self-attention
-            # can concat previous decoder key/value_states to current projected key/value_states (third "elif" case)
-            # if encoder bi-directional self-attention `past_key_value` is always `None`
-            past_key_value = (key_states, value_states)
-
-        attention_scores += position_bias
         # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
-        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attention_scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(attention_scores)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(scores)
         attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)
 
         # Mask heads if we want to
         if layer_head_mask is not None:
             attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask
 
-        #  attn_output = torch.bmm(attn_probs, value_states) ?
-        context_states = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
-        # attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim) ?
-        context_states = context_states.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous().view(batch_size, seq_length, -1)
-        attn_output = self.o(context_states)
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(batch_size, seq_length, -1)
+
+        attn_output = self.o(attn_output)
         return attn_output, attn_weights, past_key_value
 
 
 class UMT5LayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.SelfAttention = UMT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=True)
+        self.SelfAttention = UMT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=True, layer_idx=layer_idx)
         self.layer_norm = UMT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -330,6 +360,7 @@ def forward(
         attention_mask=None,
         layer_head_mask=None,
         past_key_value=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.SelfAttention(
@@ -337,6 +368,7 @@ def forward(
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -344,9 +376,9 @@ def forward(
 
 
 class UMT5LayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
-        self.EncDecAttention = UMT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
+        self.EncDecAttention = UMT5Attention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False, layer_idx=layer_idx)
         self.layer_norm = UMT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -357,6 +389,7 @@ def forward(
         attention_mask=None,
         layer_head_mask=None,
         past_key_value=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
         attention_output = self.EncDecAttention(
@@ -365,6 +398,7 @@ def forward(
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
             past_key_value=past_key_value,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
         layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
         outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
@@ -372,13 +406,13 @@ def forward(
 
 
 class UMT5Block(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, config):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx: Optional[int] = None):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
         self.layer = nn.ModuleList()
-        self.layer.append(UMT5LayerSelfAttention(config))
+        self.layer.append(UMT5LayerSelfAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx))
         if self.is_decoder:
-            self.layer.append(UMT5LayerCrossAttention(config))
+            self.layer.append(UMT5LayerCrossAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx))
 
         self.layer.append(UMT5LayerFF(config))
 
@@ -393,16 +427,14 @@ def forward(
         past_key_value=None,
         use_cache=False,
         output_attentions=False,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
-        # Self Attention
-        # decoder uni-directional self-attention cached key/values tuple is at positions 1,2
-        self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2] if past_key_value is not None else None
-
-        hidden_states, self_attn_weights, present_key_value = self.layer[0](
+        hidden_states, self_attn_weights, past_key_value = self.layer[0](
             hidden_states,
             attention_mask=attention_mask,
             layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
-            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            past_key_value=past_key_value,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
@@ -412,18 +444,16 @@ def forward(
             hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
         # Cross-Attention Block
-        cross_attn_present_key_value = None
         cross_attn_weights = None
         do_cross_attention = self.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None
         if do_cross_attention:
-            # cross_attn cached key/values tuple is at positions 3,4 of present_key_value tuple
-            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[-2:] if past_key_value is not None else None
-            hidden_states, cross_attn_weights, cross_attn_present_key_value = self.layer[1](
+            hidden_states, cross_attn_weights, past_key_value = self.layer[1](
                 hidden_states,
                 encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                 attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                 layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                cache_position=cache_position,
             )
             # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
             if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16:
@@ -431,8 +461,6 @@ def forward(
                 clamp_value = torch.where(torch.isinf(hidden_states).any(), max_dtype - 1000, max_dtype)
                 hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
 
-            present_key_value += cross_attn_present_key_value
-
         # Apply Feed Forward layer
         hidden_states = self.layer[-1](hidden_states)
 
@@ -444,7 +472,7 @@ def forward(
 
         outputs = (
             hidden_states,
-            present_key_value,
+            past_key_value,
         )
 
         if output_attentions:
@@ -481,6 +509,8 @@ class UMT5PreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     config_class = UMT5Config
     base_model_prefix = "transformer"
     supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+    _supports_cache_class = True
+    _supports_static_cache = True
     _no_split_modules = ["UMT5Block"]
     _keep_in_fp32_modules = ["wo"]
 
@@ -594,7 +624,7 @@ def __init__(self, config, embed_tokens=None):
         super().__init__(config)
         self.embed_tokens = embed_tokens
         self.is_decoder = config.is_decoder
-        self.block = nn.ModuleList([UMT5Block(config) for i in range(config.num_layers)])
+        self.block = nn.ModuleList([UMT5Block(config, layer_idx=i) for i in range(config.num_layers)])
         self.final_layer_norm = UMT5LayerNorm(config.d_model, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
         self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
 
@@ -622,6 +652,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions=None,
         output_hidden_states=None,
         return_dict=None,
+        cache_position=None,
     ):
         use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
         output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
@@ -644,6 +675,13 @@ def forward(
             err_msg_prefix = "decoder_" if self.is_decoder else ""
             raise ValueError(f"You have to specify either {err_msg_prefix}input_ids or {err_msg_prefix}inputs_embeds")
 
+        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+            if use_cache:
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
+                )
+                use_cache = False
+
         if inputs_embeds is None:
             if self.embed_tokens is None:
                 raise ValueError("You have to initialize the model with valid token embeddings")
@@ -651,28 +689,57 @@ def forward(
 
         batch_size, seq_length = input_shape
 
-        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
-        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length
-
         if use_cache is True:
             if not self.is_decoder:
                 raise ValueError(f"`use_cache` can only be set to `True` if {self} is used as a decoder")
 
-        if attention_mask is None:
-            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
-        if self.is_decoder and encoder_attention_mask is None and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
-            encoder_seq_length = encoder_hidden_states.shape[1]
-            encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(
-                batch_size, encoder_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device, dtype=torch.long
+        # initialize past_key_values
+        return_legacy_cache = False
+        return_self_attention_cache = False
+        if self.is_decoder and (use_cache or past_key_values is not None):
+            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache) and not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_self_attention_cache = True
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(past_key_values, DynamicCache())
+            elif not isinstance(past_key_values, EncoderDecoderCache):
+                return_legacy_cache = True
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "Passing a tuple of `past_key_values` is deprecated and will be removed in Transformers v4.48.0. "
+                    "You should pass an instance of `EncoderDecoderCache` instead, e.g. "
+                    "`past_key_values=EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)`."
+                )
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
+            elif past_key_values is None:
+                past_key_values = EncoderDecoderCache(DynamicCache(), DynamicCache())
+        elif not self.is_decoder:
+            # do not pass cache object down the line for encoder stack
+            # it messes indexing later in decoder-stack because cache object is modified in-place
+            past_key_values = None
+
+        past_key_values_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        if cache_position is None:
+            cache_position = torch.arange(
+                past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device
             )
 
-        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
-        if past_key_values is None:
-            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.block)
+        if attention_mask is None and not is_torchdynamo_compiling():
+            # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past cache
+            mask_seq_length = past_key_values_length + seq_length
+            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
 
-        # We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
-        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
-        extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape)
+        if self.is_decoder:
+            causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds,
+                cache_position,
+                past_key_values.self_attention_cache if past_key_values is not None else None,
+                output_attentions,
+            )
+        elif attention_mask is not None:
+            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+            causal_mask = causal_mask.to(dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype)
+            causal_mask = (1.0 - causal_mask) * torch.finfo(inputs_embeds.dtype).min
+        else:
+            causal_mask = None
 
         # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
         # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
@@ -685,24 +752,16 @@ def forward(
         else:
             encoder_extended_attention_mask = None
 
-        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
-            if use_cache:
-                logger.warning_once(
-                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
-                )
-                use_cache = False
-
         # Prepare head mask if needed
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
         cross_attn_head_mask = self.get_head_mask(cross_attn_head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
-        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
         all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
         all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
         all_cross_attentions = () if output_attentions and self.is_decoder else None
 
         hidden_states = self.dropout(inputs_embeds)
 
-        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.block, past_key_values)):
+        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.block):
             layer_head_mask = head_mask[i]
             cross_attn_layer_head_mask = cross_attn_head_mask[i]
 
@@ -713,7 +772,7 @@ def forward(
                 layer_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                     layer_module.forward,
                     hidden_states,
-                    extended_attention_mask,
+                    causal_mask,
                     encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                     layer_head_mask,
@@ -721,24 +780,26 @@ def forward(
                     None,  # past_key_value is always None with gradient checkpointing
                     use_cache,
                     output_attentions,
+                    cache_position,
                 )
             else:
                 layer_outputs = layer_module(
                     hidden_states,
-                    attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
+                    attention_mask=causal_mask,
                     encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                     encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                     layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                     cross_attn_layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
-                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                    past_key_value=past_key_values,
                     use_cache=use_cache,
                     output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                    cache_position=cache_position,
                 )
 
                 hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]
 
             if use_cache:
-                present_key_value_states += (layer_outputs[1],)
+                next_decoder_cache = layer_outputs[1]
 
             if output_attentions:
                 all_attentions += (layer_outputs[2],)
@@ -752,12 +813,18 @@ def forward(
         if output_hidden_states:
             all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
 
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+        if return_self_attention_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.self_attention_cache
+        if return_legacy_cache:
+            next_cache = past_key_values.to_legacy_cache()
+
         if not return_dict:
             return tuple(
                 v
                 for v in [
                     hidden_states,
-                    present_key_value_states,
+                    next_cache,
                     all_hidden_states,
                     all_attentions,
                     all_cross_attentions,
@@ -766,12 +833,135 @@ def forward(
             )
         return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
             last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
-            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
             hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
             attentions=all_attentions,
             cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
         )
 
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaModel._update_causal_mask
+    def _update_causal_mask(
+        self,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        input_tensor: torch.Tensor,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        past_key_values: Cache,
+        output_attentions: bool,
+    ):
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
+            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
+                return attention_mask
+            return None
+
+        # For SDPA, when possible, we will rely on its `is_causal` argument instead of its `attn_mask` argument, in
+        # order to dispatch on Flash Attention 2. This feature is not compatible with static cache, as SDPA will fail
+        # to infer the attention mask.
+        past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
+        using_static_cache = isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache)
+
+        # When output attentions is True, sdpa implementation's forward method calls the eager implementation's forward
+        if self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and not using_static_cache and not output_attentions:
+            if AttentionMaskConverter._ignore_causal_mask_sdpa(
+                attention_mask,
+                inputs_embeds=input_tensor,
+                past_key_values_length=past_seen_tokens,
+                is_training=self.training,
+            ):
+                return None
+
+        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
+        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
+        if using_static_cache:
+            target_length = past_key_values.get_max_cache_shape()
+        else:
+            target_length = (
+                attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor)
+                else past_seen_tokens + sequence_length + 1
+            )
+
+        # In case the provided `attention` mask is 2D, we generate a causal mask here (4D).
+        causal_mask = self._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+            attention_mask,
+            sequence_length=sequence_length,
+            target_length=target_length,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            device=device,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
+            batch_size=input_tensor.shape[0],
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
+            and attention_mask is not None
+            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
+            and not output_attentions
+        ):
+            # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
+            # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
+            # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)
+
+        return causal_mask
+
+    @staticmethod
+    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaPreTrainedModel._prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position
+    def _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_with_cache_position(
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        sequence_length: int,
+        target_length: int,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        device: torch.device,
+        cache_position: torch.Tensor,
+        batch_size: int,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates a causal 4D mask of shape `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)` from a 2D mask of shape
+        `(batch_size, key_value_length)`, or if the input `attention_mask` is already 4D, do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
+                A 2D attention mask of shape `(batch_size, key_value_length)` or a 4D attention mask of shape
+                `(batch_size, 1, query_length, key_value_length)`.
+            sequence_length (`int`):
+                The sequence length being processed.
+            target_length (`int`):
+                The target length: when generating with static cache, the mask should be as long as the static cache,
+                to account for the 0 padding, the part of the cache that is not filled yet.
+            dtype (`torch.dtype`):
+                The dtype to use for the 4D attention mask.
+            device (`torch.device`):
+                The device to plcae the 4D attention mask on.
+            cache_position (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence.
+            batch_size (`torch.Tensor`):
+                Batch size.
+        """
+        if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.dim() == 4:
+            # In this case we assume that the mask comes already in inverted form and requires no inversion or slicing.
+            causal_mask = attention_mask
+        else:
+            min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
+            causal_mask = torch.full(
+                (sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device
+            )
+            if sequence_length != 1:
+                causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
+            causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
+            causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(batch_size, 1, -1, -1)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
+                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
+                padding_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] + attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+                padding_mask = padding_mask == 0
+                causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length] = causal_mask[:, :, :, :mask_length].masked_fill(
+                    padding_mask, min_dtype
+                )
+
+        return causal_mask
+
 
 UMT5_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
 
@@ -885,6 +1075,9 @@ def forward(
             more detail.
         return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
             Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. It is used to update the
+            cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
 """
 
 UMT5_ENCODER_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
@@ -1022,6 +1215,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqModelOutput]:
         r"""
         Returns:
@@ -1084,6 +1278,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         if not return_dict:
@@ -1197,6 +1392,7 @@ def forward(
         output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
         output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
         return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
     ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqLMOutput]:
         r"""
         labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
@@ -1268,6 +1464,7 @@ def forward(
             output_attentions=output_attentions,
             output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
             return_dict=return_dict,
+            cache_position=cache_position,
         )
 
         sequence_output = decoder_outputs[0]
diff --git a/tests/models/longt5/test_modeling_longt5.py b/tests/models/longt5/test_modeling_longt5.py
index c0cf21b2369d..a9d3e7479e95 100644
--- a/tests/models/longt5/test_modeling_longt5.py
+++ b/tests/models/longt5/test_modeling_longt5.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 if is_torch_available():
     import torch
+    import torch.nn.functional as F
 
     from transformers import (
         MODEL_FOR_QUESTION_ANSWERING_MAPPING,
@@ -574,6 +575,41 @@ def test_decoder_model_past_with_3d_attn_mask(self):
             lm_labels,
         )
 
+    # overwrite because T5 doesn't accept position ids as input and expects `decoder_input_ids`
+    def test_custom_4d_attention_mask(self):
+        for model_class in self.all_generative_model_classes:
+            config, input_dict = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs_for_common()
+            model = model_class(config).to(device=torch_device, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+            (
+                input_ids,
+                _,
+                input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                mask_shared_prefix,
+                _,
+            ) = self._get_custom_4d_mask_test_data()
+
+            logits = model.forward(
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids,
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:3],
+            ).logits
+            # logits.shape == torch.Size([3, 4, ...])
+
+            logits_shared_prefix = model(
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:1],
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                decoder_attention_mask=mask_shared_prefix,
+            )[0]
+            # logits_shared_prefix.shape == torch.Size([1, 6, ...])
+
+            out_last_tokens = logits[:, -1, :]  # last tokens in each batch line
+            out_shared_prefix_last_tokens = logits_shared_prefix[0, -3:, :]  # last three tokens
+
+            # comparing softmax-normalized logits:
+            normalized_0 = F.softmax(out_last_tokens)
+            normalized_1 = F.softmax(out_shared_prefix_last_tokens)
+            torch.testing.assert_close(normalized_0, normalized_1, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-4)
+
     def test_decoder_model_past_with_large_inputs(self):
         config_and_inputs = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs()
         self.model_tester.create_and_check_decoder_model_past_large_inputs(*config_and_inputs)
@@ -602,7 +638,7 @@ def test_export_to_onnx(self):
                 (config_and_inputs[1], config_and_inputs[3], config_and_inputs[2]),
                 f"{tmpdirname}/longt5_test.onnx",
                 export_params=True,
-                opset_version=13,
+                opset_version=14,
                 input_names=["input_ids", "decoder_input_ids"],
             )
 
diff --git a/tests/models/mt5/test_modeling_mt5.py b/tests/models/mt5/test_modeling_mt5.py
index 6e912ec3607d..20412da2e1db 100644
--- a/tests/models/mt5/test_modeling_mt5.py
+++ b/tests/models/mt5/test_modeling_mt5.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 
 if is_torch_available():
     import torch
+    import torch.nn.functional as F
 
     from transformers import (
         AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM,
@@ -575,6 +576,9 @@ class MT5ModelTest(ModelTesterMixin, GenerationTesterMixin, PipelineTesterMixin,
     # The small MT5 model needs higher percentages for CPU/MP tests
     model_split_percents = [0.5, 0.8, 0.9]
 
+    # used in `test_torch_compile`
+    _torch_compile_test_ckpt = "google/mt5-small"
+
     def setUp(self):
         self.model_tester = MT5ModelTester(self)
         self.config_tester = ConfigTester(self, config_class=MT5Config, d_model=37)
@@ -627,12 +631,9 @@ def _create_and_check_torch_fx_tracing(self, config, inputs_dict, output_loss=Fa
                     ]
                     if labels is not None:
                         input_names.append("labels")
-
                     filtered_inputs = {k: v for (k, v) in inputs.items() if k in input_names}
                     input_names = list(filtered_inputs.keys())
-
                     model_output = model(**filtered_inputs)
-
                     traced_model = symbolic_trace(model, input_names)
                     traced_output = traced_model(**filtered_inputs)
                 else:
@@ -647,7 +648,6 @@ def _create_and_check_torch_fx_tracing(self, config, inputs_dict, output_loss=Fa
                         "visual_feats",
                         "visual_pos",
                     ]
-
                     labels = inputs.get("labels", None)
                     start_positions = inputs.get("start_positions", None)
                     end_positions = inputs.get("end_positions", None)
@@ -657,15 +657,12 @@ def _create_and_check_torch_fx_tracing(self, config, inputs_dict, output_loss=Fa
                         input_names.append("start_positions")
                     if end_positions is not None:
                         input_names.append("end_positions")
-
                     filtered_inputs = {k: v for (k, v) in inputs.items() if k in input_names}
                     input_names = list(filtered_inputs.keys())
-
                     if model.__class__.__name__ in set(MODEL_FOR_SEQUENCE_CLASSIFICATION_MAPPING_NAMES.values()) and (
                         not hasattr(model.config, "problem_type") or model.config.problem_type is None
                     ):
                         model.config.problem_type = "single_label_classification"
-
                     traced_model = symbolic_trace(model, input_names)
                     traced_output = traced_model(**filtered_inputs)
                     model_output = model(**filtered_inputs)
@@ -718,6 +715,41 @@ def flatten_output(output):
             # (Even with this call, there are still memory leak by ~0.04MB)
             self.clear_torch_jit_class_registry()
 
+    # overwrite because MT5 doesn't accept position ids as input and expects `decoder_input_ids`
+    def test_custom_4d_attention_mask(self):
+        for model_class in self.all_generative_model_classes:
+            config, input_dict = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs_for_common()
+            model = model_class(config).to(device=torch_device, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+            (
+                input_ids,
+                _,
+                input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                mask_shared_prefix,
+                _,
+            ) = self._get_custom_4d_mask_test_data()
+
+            logits = model.forward(
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids,
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:3],
+            ).logits
+            # logits.shape == torch.Size([3, 4, ...])
+
+            logits_shared_prefix = model(
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:1],
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                decoder_attention_mask=mask_shared_prefix,
+            )[0]
+            # logits_shared_prefix.shape == torch.Size([1, 6, ...])
+
+            out_last_tokens = logits[:, -1, :]  # last tokens in each batch line
+            out_shared_prefix_last_tokens = logits_shared_prefix[0, -3:, :]  # last three tokens
+
+            # comparing softmax-normalized logits:
+            normalized_0 = F.softmax(out_last_tokens)
+            normalized_1 = F.softmax(out_shared_prefix_last_tokens)
+            torch.testing.assert_close(normalized_0, normalized_1, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-4)
+
     def test_config(self):
         self.config_tester.run_common_tests()
 
diff --git a/tests/models/pop2piano/test_modeling_pop2piano.py b/tests/models/pop2piano/test_modeling_pop2piano.py
index 3a33b5a98128..39ff67f08ce5 100644
--- a/tests/models/pop2piano/test_modeling_pop2piano.py
+++ b/tests/models/pop2piano/test_modeling_pop2piano.py
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ def test_export_to_onnx(self):
                 (config_and_inputs[1], config_and_inputs[3], config_and_inputs[2]),
                 f"{tmpdirname}/Pop2Piano_test.onnx",
                 export_params=True,
-                opset_version=9,
+                opset_version=14,
                 input_names=["input_ids", "decoder_input_ids"],
             )
 
diff --git a/tests/models/switch_transformers/test_modeling_switch_transformers.py b/tests/models/switch_transformers/test_modeling_switch_transformers.py
index 13215b2826fe..7adb1f40c6e6 100644
--- a/tests/models/switch_transformers/test_modeling_switch_transformers.py
+++ b/tests/models/switch_transformers/test_modeling_switch_transformers.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 if is_torch_available():
     import torch
+    import torch.nn.functional as F
 
     from transformers import (
         AutoTokenizer,
@@ -645,6 +646,41 @@ def test_decoder_model_past_with_3d_attn_mask(self):
             lm_labels,
         )
 
+    # overwrite because T5 doesn't accept position ids as input and expects `decoder_input_ids`
+    def test_custom_4d_attention_mask(self):
+        for model_class in self.all_generative_model_classes:
+            config, input_dict = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs_for_common()
+            model = model_class(config).to(device=torch_device, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+            (
+                input_ids,
+                _,
+                input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                mask_shared_prefix,
+                _,
+            ) = self._get_custom_4d_mask_test_data()
+
+            logits = model.forward(
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids,
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:3],
+            ).logits
+            # logits.shape == torch.Size([3, 4, ...])
+
+            logits_shared_prefix = model(
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:1],
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                decoder_attention_mask=mask_shared_prefix,
+            )[0]
+            # logits_shared_prefix.shape == torch.Size([1, 6, ...])
+
+            out_last_tokens = logits[:, -1, :]  # last tokens in each batch line
+            out_shared_prefix_last_tokens = logits_shared_prefix[0, -3:, :]  # last three tokens
+
+            # comparing softmax-normalized logits:
+            normalized_0 = F.softmax(out_last_tokens)
+            normalized_1 = F.softmax(out_shared_prefix_last_tokens)
+            torch.testing.assert_close(normalized_0, normalized_1, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-4)
+
     def test_decoder_model_past_with_large_inputs(self):
         config_and_inputs = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs()
         self.model_tester.create_and_check_decoder_model_past_large_inputs(*config_and_inputs)
diff --git a/tests/models/t5/test_modeling_t5.py b/tests/models/t5/test_modeling_t5.py
index fe9b40a54abe..68dd5a52b3d6 100644
--- a/tests/models/t5/test_modeling_t5.py
+++ b/tests/models/t5/test_modeling_t5.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
     require_sentencepiece,
     require_tokenizers,
     require_torch,
+    require_torch_gpu,
     slow,
     torch_device,
 )
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
 
 if is_torch_available():
     import torch
+    import torch.nn.functional as F
 
     from transformers import (
         AutoTokenizer,
@@ -578,6 +580,9 @@ class T5ModelTest(ModelTesterMixin, GenerationTesterMixin, PipelineTesterMixin,
     # The small T5 model needs higher percentages for CPU/MP tests
     model_split_percents = [0.5, 0.8, 0.9]
 
+    # used in `test_torch_compile`
+    _torch_compile_test_ckpt = "google-t5/t5-small"
+
     def setUp(self):
         self.model_tester = T5ModelTester(self)
         self.config_tester = ConfigTester(self, config_class=T5Config, d_model=37)
@@ -630,12 +635,9 @@ def _create_and_check_torch_fx_tracing(self, config, inputs_dict, output_loss=Fa
                     ]
                     if labels is not None:
                         input_names.append("labels")
-
                     filtered_inputs = {k: v for (k, v) in inputs.items() if k in input_names}
                     input_names = list(filtered_inputs.keys())
-
                     model_output = model(**filtered_inputs)
-
                     traced_model = symbolic_trace(model, input_names)
                     traced_output = traced_model(**filtered_inputs)
                 else:
@@ -650,7 +652,6 @@ def _create_and_check_torch_fx_tracing(self, config, inputs_dict, output_loss=Fa
                         "visual_feats",
                         "visual_pos",
                     ]
-
                     labels = inputs.get("labels", None)
                     start_positions = inputs.get("start_positions", None)
                     end_positions = inputs.get("end_positions", None)
@@ -660,15 +661,12 @@ def _create_and_check_torch_fx_tracing(self, config, inputs_dict, output_loss=Fa
                         input_names.append("start_positions")
                     if end_positions is not None:
                         input_names.append("end_positions")
-
                     filtered_inputs = {k: v for (k, v) in inputs.items() if k in input_names}
                     input_names = list(filtered_inputs.keys())
-
                     if model.__class__.__name__ in set(MODEL_FOR_SEQUENCE_CLASSIFICATION_MAPPING_NAMES.values()) and (
                         not hasattr(model.config, "problem_type") or model.config.problem_type is None
                     ):
                         model.config.problem_type = "single_label_classification"
-
                     traced_model = symbolic_trace(model, input_names)
                     traced_output = traced_model(**filtered_inputs)
                     model_output = model(**filtered_inputs)
@@ -721,6 +719,41 @@ def flatten_output(output):
             # (Even with this call, there are still memory leak by ~0.04MB)
             self.clear_torch_jit_class_registry()
 
+    # overwrite because T5 doesn't accept position ids as input and expects `decoder_input_ids`
+    def test_custom_4d_attention_mask(self):
+        for model_class in self.all_generative_model_classes:
+            config, input_dict = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs_for_common()
+            model = model_class(config).to(device=torch_device, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+            (
+                input_ids,
+                _,
+                input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                mask_shared_prefix,
+                _,
+            ) = self._get_custom_4d_mask_test_data()
+
+            logits = model.forward(
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids,
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:3],
+            ).logits
+            # logits.shape == torch.Size([3, 4, ...])
+
+            logits_shared_prefix = model(
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:1],
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                decoder_attention_mask=mask_shared_prefix,
+            )[0]
+            # logits_shared_prefix.shape == torch.Size([1, 6, ...])
+
+            out_last_tokens = logits[:, -1, :]  # last tokens in each batch line
+            out_shared_prefix_last_tokens = logits_shared_prefix[0, -3:, :]  # last three tokens
+
+            # comparing softmax-normalized logits:
+            normalized_0 = F.softmax(out_last_tokens)
+            normalized_1 = F.softmax(out_shared_prefix_last_tokens)
+            torch.testing.assert_close(normalized_0, normalized_1, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-4)
+
     def test_config(self):
         self.config_tester.run_common_tests()
 
@@ -1482,6 +1515,7 @@ def test_summarization(self):
             [model.config.prefix + x for x in [FRANCE_ARTICLE, SHORTER_ARTICLE, IRAN_ARTICLE, ARTICLE_SUBWAY]],
             padding="max_length",
             truncation=True,
+            max_length=512,
             return_tensors="pt",
         ).to(torch_device)
         self.assertEqual(512, dct["input_ids"].shape[1])
@@ -1604,14 +1638,76 @@ def test_contrastive_search_t5(self):
         outputs = t5_model.generate(input_ids, penalty_alpha=0.5, top_k=5, max_length=64)
         generated_text = t5_tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs, skip_special_tokens=True)
 
+        # TODO: @arthur?
+        # PR #31938 caused regression on this test which was fixed by PR #34089
         self.assertListEqual(
             generated_text,
             [
-                "Liana Barrientos has been married 10 times, nine of them in the Bronx. Her husbands filed for "
-                "permanent residence after the marriages, prosecutors say."
+                "Liana Barrientos has been married 10 times, nine of them in the Bronx . Her husbands filed for "
+                "permanent residence after the marriages, prosecutors say ."
             ],
         )
 
+    @slow
+    @require_torch_gpu
+    def test_compile_static_cache(self):
+        NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE = 40
+        EXPECTED_TEXT_COMPLETION = [
+            "theory of relativity states that 1) the speed of light is constant in all inertial reference frames. the laws of physics are the same for all inertial reference frames.",
+            "ketchup is my favorite condiment.",
+        ]
+
+        prompts = [
+            "summarize: Simply put, the theory of relativity states that 1) the speed of light is constant in all inertial "
+            "reference frames, and 2) the laws of physics are the same for all inertial reference frames.\nThe "
+            "theory of relativity is not hard to grasp.",
+            "summarize: My favorite all time favorite condiment is ketchup. I love it on everything. I love it on my eggs, "
+            "my fries, my chicken, my burgers, my hot dogs, my sandwiches, my salads, my pizza.",
+        ]
+        model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("google-t5/t5-small").to(torch_device)
+        tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained("google-t5/t5-small")
+        inputs = tokenizer(prompts, return_tensors="pt", padding=True).to(model.device)
+
+        # Dynamic Cache
+        generated_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE, do_sample=False)
+        dynamic_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
+        self.assertEqual(EXPECTED_TEXT_COMPLETION, dynamic_text)
+
+        # Static Cache
+        generated_ids = model.generate(
+            **inputs, max_new_tokens=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE, do_sample=False, cache_implementation="static"
+        )
+        static_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
+        self.assertEqual(EXPECTED_TEXT_COMPLETION, static_text)
+
+        # Static Cache + compile
+        model.forward = torch.compile(model.forward, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)
+        generated_ids = model.generate(
+            **inputs, max_new_tokens=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE, do_sample=False, cache_implementation="static"
+        )
+        static_compiled_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
+        self.assertEqual(EXPECTED_TEXT_COMPLETION, static_compiled_text)
+
+    @slow
+    @require_torch_gpu
+    def test_compile_static_cache_encoder(self):
+        prompts = [
+            "summarize: Simply put, the theory of relativity states that 1) the speed of light is constant in all inertial "
+            "reference frames, and 2) the laws of physics are the same for all inertial reference frames.\nThe "
+            "theory of relativity is not hard to grasp.",
+            "summarize: My favorite all time favorite condiment is ketchup. I love it on everything. I love it on my eggs, "
+            "my fries, my chicken, my burgers, my hot dogs, my sandwiches, my salads, my pizza.",
+        ]
+        model = T5EncoderModel.from_pretrained("google-t5/t5-small").to(torch_device)
+        tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained("google-t5/t5-small")
+        inputs = tokenizer(prompts, return_tensors="pt", padding=True).to(model.device)
+
+        logits = model(**inputs)
+
+        model.forward = torch.compile(model.forward, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)
+        logits_compiled = model(**inputs)
+        self.assertTrue(torch.allclose(logits[0][:, -3:, -3], logits_compiled[0][:, -3:, -3], atol=1e-5))
+
 
 @require_torch
 class TestAsymmetricT5(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/tests/models/udop/test_modeling_udop.py b/tests/models/udop/test_modeling_udop.py
index a3ae498606a3..9d82173b1aed 100644
--- a/tests/models/udop/test_modeling_udop.py
+++ b/tests/models/udop/test_modeling_udop.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 if is_torch_available():
     import torch
+    import torch.nn.functional as F
 
     from transformers import UdopEncoderModel, UdopForConditionalGeneration, UdopModel, UdopProcessor
 
@@ -348,6 +349,7 @@ def test_forward_signature(self):
             expected_arg_names = [
                 "attention_mask",
                 "bbox",
+                "cache_position",
                 "cross_attn_head_mask",
                 "decoder_attention_mask",
                 "decoder_head_mask",
@@ -365,6 +367,43 @@ def test_forward_signature(self):
                 expected_arg_names = sorted(expected_arg_names)
             self.assertListEqual(sorted(arg_names[: len(expected_arg_names)]), expected_arg_names)
 
+    # overwrite because T5 doesn't accept position ids as input and expects `decoder_input_ids`
+    def test_custom_4d_attention_mask(self):
+        for model_class in self.all_generative_model_classes:
+            config, input_dict = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs_for_common()
+            model = model_class(config).to(device=torch_device, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+            (
+                input_ids,
+                _,
+                input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                mask_shared_prefix,
+                _,
+            ) = self._get_custom_4d_mask_test_data()
+
+            logits = model.forward(
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids,
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:3],
+                bbox=input_dict["bbox"][:3],
+            ).logits
+            # logits.shape == torch.Size([3, 4, ...])
+
+            logits_shared_prefix = model(
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:1],
+                bbox=input_dict["bbox"][:1],
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                decoder_attention_mask=mask_shared_prefix,
+            )[0]
+            # logits_shared_prefix.shape == torch.Size([1, 6, ...])
+
+            out_last_tokens = logits[:, -1, :]  # last tokens in each batch line
+            out_shared_prefix_last_tokens = logits_shared_prefix[0, -3:, :]  # last three tokens
+
+            # comparing softmax-normalized logits:
+            normalized_0 = F.softmax(out_last_tokens)
+            normalized_1 = F.softmax(out_shared_prefix_last_tokens)
+            torch.testing.assert_close(normalized_0, normalized_1, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-4)
+
     @unittest.skip(
         "Not currently compatible. Fails with - NotImplementedError: Cannot copy out of meta tensor; no data!"
     )
@@ -534,6 +573,41 @@ def test_model(self):
         config_and_inputs = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs()
         self.model_tester.create_and_check_model(*config_and_inputs)
 
+    # overwrite because T5 doesn't accept position ids as input and expects `decoder_input_ids`
+    def test_custom_4d_attention_mask(self):
+        for model_class in self.all_generative_model_classes:
+            config, input_dict = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs_for_common()
+            model = model_class(config).to(device=torch_device, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+            (
+                input_ids,
+                _,
+                input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                mask_shared_prefix,
+                _,
+            ) = self._get_custom_4d_mask_test_data()
+
+            logits = model.forward(
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids,
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:3],
+            ).logits
+            # logits.shape == torch.Size([3, 4, ...])
+
+            logits_shared_prefix = model(
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:1],
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                decoder_attention_mask=mask_shared_prefix,
+            )[0]
+            # logits_shared_prefix.shape == torch.Size([1, 6, ...])
+
+            out_last_tokens = logits[:, -1, :]  # last tokens in each batch line
+            out_shared_prefix_last_tokens = logits_shared_prefix[0, -3:, :]  # last three tokens
+
+            # comparing softmax-normalized logits:
+            normalized_0 = F.softmax(out_last_tokens)
+            normalized_1 = F.softmax(out_shared_prefix_last_tokens)
+            torch.testing.assert_close(normalized_0, normalized_1, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-4)
+
     @unittest.skip(
         "Not currently compatible. Fails with - NotImplementedError: Cannot copy out of meta tensor; no data!"
     )
diff --git a/tests/models/umt5/test_modeling_umt5.py b/tests/models/umt5/test_modeling_umt5.py
index 1bd01da8e6ca..ec4c1d019b6d 100644
--- a/tests/models/umt5/test_modeling_umt5.py
+++ b/tests/models/umt5/test_modeling_umt5.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 
 if is_torch_available():
     import torch
+    import torch.nn.functional as F
 
     from transformers import (
         AutoTokenizer,
@@ -316,6 +317,9 @@ class UMT5ModelTest(ModelTesterMixin, GenerationTesterMixin, PipelineTesterMixin
     # The small UMT5 model needs higher percentages for CPU/MP tests
     model_split_percents = [0.5, 0.8, 0.9]
 
+    # used in `test_torch_compile`
+    _torch_compile_test_ckpt = "google/umt5-small"
+
     def setUp(self):
         self.model_tester = UMT5ModelTester(self)
 
@@ -486,6 +490,41 @@ def test_inputs_embeds(self):
             with torch.no_grad():
                 model(**inputs)[0]
 
+    # overwrite because T5 doesn't accept position ids as input and expects `decoder_input_ids`
+    def test_custom_4d_attention_mask(self):
+        for model_class in self.all_generative_model_classes:
+            config, input_dict = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs_for_common()
+            model = model_class(config).to(device=torch_device, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+            (
+                input_ids,
+                _,
+                input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                mask_shared_prefix,
+                _,
+            ) = self._get_custom_4d_mask_test_data()
+
+            logits = model.forward(
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids,
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:3],
+            ).logits
+            # logits.shape == torch.Size([3, 4, ...])
+
+            logits_shared_prefix = model(
+                input_ids=input_dict["input_ids"][:1],
+                decoder_input_ids=input_ids_shared_prefix,
+                decoder_attention_mask=mask_shared_prefix,
+            )[0]
+            # logits_shared_prefix.shape == torch.Size([1, 6, ...])
+
+            out_last_tokens = logits[:, -1, :]  # last tokens in each batch line
+            out_shared_prefix_last_tokens = logits_shared_prefix[0, -3:, :]  # last three tokens
+
+            # comparing softmax-normalized logits:
+            normalized_0 = F.softmax(out_last_tokens)
+            normalized_1 = F.softmax(out_shared_prefix_last_tokens)
+            torch.testing.assert_close(normalized_0, normalized_1, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-4)
+
     def test_with_sequence_classification_head(self):
         config_and_inputs = self.model_tester.prepare_config_and_inputs()
         self.model_tester.create_and_check_with_sequence_classification_head(*config_and_inputs)
diff --git a/tests/test_modeling_common.py b/tests/test_modeling_common.py
index dec1482f562a..964b7b912b4e 100755
--- a/tests/test_modeling_common.py
+++ b/tests/test_modeling_common.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 from transformers import (
     AutoModel,
     AutoModelForCausalLM,
+    AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM,
     AutoModelForSequenceClassification,
     AutoTokenizer,
     GenerationConfig,
@@ -5109,10 +5110,15 @@ def test_torch_compile(self):
         batch_size = 1
         n_iter = 3
 
-        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(ckpt, revision=revision)
-        model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(ckpt, torch_dtype=torch.float16, revision=revision).to(
-            torch_device
-        )
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(ckpt)
+        if self.is_encoder_decoder:
+            model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained(ckpt, torch_dtype=torch.float16, revision=revision).to(
+                torch_device
+            )
+        else:
+            model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(ckpt, torch_dtype=torch.float16, revision=revision).to(
+                torch_device
+            )
 
         model.generation_config.max_new_tokens = 4
 
@@ -5184,10 +5190,15 @@ def test_compile_cuda_graph_time(self):
 
         os.environ["TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM"] = "false"
 
-        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(ckpt, revision=revision)
-        model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(ckpt, torch_dtype=torch.float16, revision=revision).to(
-            torch_device
-        )
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(ckpt)
+        if self.is_encoder_decoder:
+            model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained(ckpt, torch_dtype=torch.float16, revision=revision).to(
+                torch_device
+            )
+        else:
+            model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(ckpt, torch_dtype=torch.float16, revision=revision).to(
+                torch_device
+            )
 
         cache_implementation = "static"
         if model.config.model_type == "gemma2":