diff --git a/src/transformers/__init__.py b/src/transformers/__init__.py
index 8e91bacb26f6..59829f4f7fd7 100755
--- a/src/transformers/__init__.py
+++ b/src/transformers/__init__.py
@@ -577,6 +577,7 @@
         "is_timm_available",
         "is_tokenizers_available",
         "is_torch_available",
+        "is_torch_neuroncore_available",
         "is_torch_tpu_available",
         "is_vision_available",
         "logging",
@@ -3942,6 +3943,7 @@
         is_timm_available,
         is_tokenizers_available,
         is_torch_available,
+        is_torch_neuroncore_available,
         is_torch_tpu_available,
         is_vision_available,
         logging,
diff --git a/src/transformers/testing_utils.py b/src/transformers/testing_utils.py
index 31760557aa9c..149b31758485 100644
--- a/src/transformers/testing_utils.py
+++ b/src/transformers/testing_utils.py
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@
     is_torch_available,
     is_torch_bf16_cpu_available,
     is_torch_bf16_gpu_available,
+    is_torch_neuroncore_available,
     is_torch_tensorrt_fx_available,
     is_torch_tf32_available,
     is_torch_tpu_available,
@@ -500,6 +501,15 @@ def require_torch_tpu(test_case):
     return unittest.skipUnless(is_torch_tpu_available(check_device=False), "test requires PyTorch TPU")(test_case)
 
 
+def require_torch_neuroncore(test_case):
+    """
+    Decorator marking a test that requires NeuronCore (in PyTorch).
+    """
+    return unittest.skipUnless(is_torch_neuroncore_available(check_device=False), "test requires PyTorch NeuronCore")(
+        test_case
+    )
+
+
 if is_torch_available():
     # Set env var CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="" to force cpu-mode
     import torch
diff --git a/src/transformers/training_args.py b/src/transformers/training_args.py
index b5c6025176bf..1a907107f865 100644
--- a/src/transformers/training_args.py
+++ b/src/transformers/training_args.py
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
     is_torch_available,
     is_torch_bf16_cpu_available,
     is_torch_bf16_gpu_available,
+    is_torch_neuroncore_available,
     is_torch_tf32_available,
     is_torch_tpu_available,
     logging,
@@ -60,6 +61,17 @@
 if is_torch_tpu_available(check_device=False):
     import torch_xla.core.xla_model as xm
 
+if is_torch_neuroncore_available(check_device=False):
+    # torchrun support
+    # https://github.com/pytorch/xla/pull/3609
+    if os.environ.get("TORCHELASTIC_RUN_ID"):
+        import torch_xla.distributed.xla_backend as xbn
+
+        if not isinstance(torch.distributed.group.WORLD, xbn.ProcessGroupXla):
+            torch.distributed.init_process_group(backend="xla")
+            if not isinstance(torch.distributed.group.WORLD, xbn.ProcessGroupXla):
+                raise AssertionError("Failed to initialize torch.distributed process group using XLA backend.")
+
 
 if is_sagemaker_mp_enabled():
     import smdistributed.modelparallel.torch as smp
diff --git a/src/transformers/utils/__init__.py b/src/transformers/utils/__init__.py
index 353fe45e8e41..6e98c5716647 100644
--- a/src/transformers/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/src/transformers/utils/__init__.py
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@
     is_torch_cuda_available,
     is_torch_fx_available,
     is_torch_fx_proxy,
+    is_torch_neuroncore_available,
     is_torch_onnx_dict_inputs_support_available,
     is_torch_tensorrt_fx_available,
     is_torch_tf32_available,
diff --git a/src/transformers/utils/import_utils.py b/src/transformers/utils/import_utils.py
index 80ffd38c10ec..d1457b67095d 100644
--- a/src/transformers/utils/import_utils.py
+++ b/src/transformers/utils/import_utils.py
@@ -451,6 +451,13 @@ def is_torch_tpu_available(check_device=True):
     return False
 
 
+@lru_cache()
+def is_torch_neuroncore_available(check_device=True):
+    if importlib.util.find_spec("torch_neuronx") is not None:
+        return is_torch_tpu_available(check_device)
+    return False
+
+
 def is_torchdynamo_available():
     if not is_torch_available():
         return False
diff --git a/tests/trainer/test_trainer_distributed.py b/tests/trainer/test_trainer_distributed.py
index 6ed74efe510c..68d07e0f60f3 100644
--- a/tests/trainer/test_trainer_distributed.py
+++ b/tests/trainer/test_trainer_distributed.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
     execute_subprocess_async,
     get_torch_dist_unique_port,
     require_torch_multi_gpu,
+    require_torch_neuroncore,
 )
 from transformers.utils import logging
 
@@ -62,6 +63,23 @@ def forward(self, input_ids, labels=None):
                 return input_ids
 
 
+class TestTrainerDistributedNeuronCore(TestCasePlus):
+    @require_torch_neuroncore
+    def test_trainer(self):
+
+        distributed_args = f"""
+            -m torch.distributed.launch
+            --nproc_per_node=2
+            --master_port={get_torch_dist_unique_port()}
+            {self.test_file_dir}/test_trainer_distributed.py
+        """.split()
+        output_dir = self.get_auto_remove_tmp_dir()
+        args = f"--output_dir {output_dir}".split()
+        cmd = [sys.executable] + distributed_args + args
+        execute_subprocess_async(cmd, env=self.get_env())
+        # successful return here == success - any errors would have caused an error in the sub-call
+
+
 class TestTrainerDistributed(TestCasePlus):
     @require_torch_multi_gpu
     def test_trainer(self):