Python学习之Requests模块学习之一-发送请求.md

Requests模块学习之一发送请求

GitHub API
URL:https://developer.github.com/

1.1 请求方法

• GET: 查看资源
• POST: 增加资源
• PUT: 修改资源
• DELETE: 删除资源
• HEAD: 查看响应头
• OPTIONS: 查看可用请求方法

requests.[method](url)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

__Author__ = "HackFun"
__Date__ = '2017/9/28 23:15'

import requests
import json

URL = 'https://api.github.com'


def build_uri(endpoint):
    return '/'.join([URL, endpoint])


def better_print(json_str):
    return json.dumps(json.loads(json_str), indent=4)


def request_method():
    response = requests.get(build_uri('user/emails'), auth=('[email protected]', 'qqq@123456'))
    print better_print(response.text)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    request_method()

1.2 带参数的请求

1.URL Parameters：URL参数

• https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?cat=50514037&...

• params:requests.get(url,params={'key1': 'value1'})

2.表单参数提交：

• Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
• 内容： key1=value1&key2=value2
• request.post(url, data={'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'})

3.json参数提交

• Content-Type:application/json
• 内容: '{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}'
• requests.post(url, json={'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'})

---

例子1：

https://developer.github.com/v3/users/#parameters-1

def params_request():
    response = requests.get(build_uri('users'), params={'since': 11})
    print better_print(response.text)
    print response.request.headers
    print response.url

结果1

---

例子2：

https://developer.github.com/v3/users/#update-the-authenticated-user

def json_request():
    response = requests.patch(build_uri('user'), auth=('[email protected]', 'xxxx'), json={"name": 'hackfun', "email": "[email protected]"})
    print better_print(response.text)
    print response.request.headers
    print response.request.body
    print response.status_code

结果2

---

例子3：

代码添加email

def json_request():
    response = requests.patch(build_uri('user/emails'), auth=('[email protected]', 'xxxx'), json=["[email protected]"])

    print better_print(response.text)
    print response.request.headers
    print response.request.body
    print response.status_code

结果3

---

3.3 请求异常处理

异常类型：
BaseHTTPError
ChunkedEncodingError
ConnectionTimeout
ConnectionError
ContentDecodingError
HTTPError
InvalidSchema
InvalidURL
MissingSchema
ProxyError
ReadTimeout
RequestException
RetryError
SSLError
StreamConsumedError
Timeout
TooManyRedirects
URLRequired

处理异常代码

def timeout_request():
    try:
        response = requests.get(build_uri('user/emails'), timeout=0,1)
    except exceptions.Timeout as e:
        print e.message
    else:
        print response.text

结果

---

status_code 异常

def timeout_request():
    try:
        response = requests.get(build_uri('user/emails'), timeout=0.1)
        response.raise_for_status()
    except exceptions.Timeout as e:
        print e.message
    except exceptions.HTTPError as e:
        print e.message
    else:
        print response.text
        print response.status_code.code

结果

3.4 自定义Request

class Request:的构造函数
__init__(self,
            method=None, url=None, headers=None, files=None, data=None,
            params=None, auth=None, cookies=None, hooks=None, json=None):

代码1

def hard_requests():
    from requests import Session, Request
    s = Session()
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'fake1.3.4'}
    req = Request('GET', build_uri('user/emails'), auth=('[email protected]', 'xxxx'), headers=headers)
    prepped = req.prepare()
    print prepped.body
    print prepped.headers

结果1

代码2

def hard_requests():
    from requests import Session, Request
    s = Session()
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'fake1.3.4'}
    req = Request('GET', build_uri('user/emails'), auth=('[email protected]', 'xxxx'), headers=headers)
    prepped = req.prepare()
    print prepped.body
    print prepped.headers

    resp = s.send(prepped, timeout=5)
    print resp.status_code
    print resp.request.headers
    print resp.text

结果2

参考

慕课网-Python-走进Requests库