entity.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Owlready2
# Copyright (C) 2013-2019 Jean-Baptiste LAMY
# LIMICS (Laboratoire d'informatique médicale et d'ingénierie des connaissances en santé), UMR_S 1142
# University Paris 13, Sorbonne paris-Cité, Bobigny, France

# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

import owlready2
from owlready2.base      import *
from owlready2.namespace import *
from owlready2.namespace import _cache_entity



class _EquivalentToList(CallbackList):
  __slots__ = ["_indirect"]
  def __init__(self, l, obj, callback):
    CallbackList.__init__(self, l, obj, callback)
    self._obj      = obj
    self._indirect = None
    
  def _build_indirect(self):
    n = self._obj.namespace
    self._indirect = list(set( n.ontology._to_python(o, main_type = self._obj.__class__)
                               for o in n.world._get_obj_triples_transitive_sym(self._obj.storid, self._obj._owl_equivalent)
                               if o != self._obj.storid ))
    
  def indirect(self):
    if self._indirect is None: self._build_indirect()
    return self._indirect
  
  def self_and_indirect_equivalent(self):
    yield self._obj
    if self._indirect is None: self._build_indirect()
    yield from self._indirect
    

class _DisjointUnionList(CallbackList):
  __slots__ = ["_bn"]
  def __init__(self, l, obj, bn):
    CallbackList.__init__(self, l, obj, self.callback)
    self._bn  = bn
    self._obj = obj
    
  def callback(self, obj, old):
    obj.namespace.ontology._del_list(self._bn)
    obj.namespace.ontology._set_list(self._bn, self)
    
  

class EntityClass(type):
  namespace = owlready
  
  def get_name(Class): return Class._name
  def set_name(Class, name):
    Class._name = name
    Class.namespace.world._refactor(Class.storid, "%s%s" % (Class.namespace._base_iri, name))
  name = property(get_name, set_name)
  
  def get_iri(Class): return "%s%s" % (Class.namespace._base_iri, Class._name)
  def set_iri(Class, new_iri):
    splitted = new_iri.rsplit("#", 1)
    if len(splitted) == 2:
      Class.namespace = Class.namespace.ontology.get_namespace("%s#" % splitted[0])
    else:
      splitted = new_iri.rsplit("/", 1)
      Class.namespace = Class.namespace.ontology.get_namespace("%s/" % splitted[0])
    Class._name = splitted[1]
    Class.namespace.world._refactor(Class.storid, new_iri)
  iri = property(get_iri, set_iri)
  
  
  _owl_type         = owl_class
  _rdfs_is_a        = rdfs_subclassof
  _owl_equivalent   = owl_equivalentclass
  _owl_disjointwith = owl_disjointwith
  _owl_alldisjoint  = owl_alldisjointclasses
  
  @staticmethod
  def _find_base_classes(is_a):
    bases = tuple(Class for Class in is_a if not isinstance(Class, Construct))
    if len(bases) > 1:
      # Must use sorted() and not sort(), because bases is accessed during the sort
      return tuple(sorted(bases, key = lambda Class: sum(issubclass_python(Other, Class) for Other in bases)))
    return bases
  
  def mro(Class):
    try: return type.mro(Class)
    except TypeError:
      mro = [Class]
      for base in Class.__bases__:
        for base_mro in base.__mro__:
          if base_mro in mro: mro.remove(base_mro)
          mro.append(base_mro)
      return mro
    
  def __new__(MetaClass, name, superclasses, obj_dict):
    namespace = obj_dict.get("namespace") or (CURRENT_NAMESPACES.get() and CURRENT_NAMESPACES.get()[-1]) or superclasses[0].namespace
    storid    = obj_dict.get("storid")    or namespace.world._abbreviate("%s%s" % (namespace._base_iri, name))
    
    if "is_a" in obj_dict:
      _is_a = [*superclasses, *obj_dict["is_a"]]
      superclasses = MetaClass._find_base_classes(_is_a) or (Thing,)
    else:
      if len(superclasses) > 1:
        _is_a = superclasses = MetaClass._find_base_classes(superclasses) or (Thing,)
      else:
        _is_a = superclasses

    if LOADING:
      Class = namespace.world._entities.get (storid)
    else:
      Class = namespace.world._get_by_storid(storid)
      
    equivalent_to = obj_dict.pop("equivalent_to", None)
    
    if Class is None:
      if not LOADING:
        for base in _is_a:
          if isinstance(base, Construct):
            base = base._set_ontology_copy_if_needed(namespace.ontology, _is_a)
        
      _is_a = CallbackList(_is_a, None, MetaClass._class_is_a_changed)
      obj_dict.update(
        _name          = name,
        namespace      = namespace,
        storid         = storid,
        is_a           = _is_a,
        _equivalent_to = None,
      )
      
      Class = namespace.world._entities[storid] = _is_a._obj = type.__new__(MetaClass, name, superclasses, obj_dict)
      _cache_entity(Class)
      
      if not LOADING:
        namespace.ontology._add_obj_triple_spo(storid, rdf_type, MetaClass._owl_type)
        for parent in _is_a: Class._add_is_a_triple(parent)
        
    else:
      if not MetaClass is Class.__class__: Class.__class__ = MetaClass
      if (Class.is_a != _is_a) and (_is_a != (Thing,)):
        Class.is_a.extend([i for i in _is_a if not i in Class.is_a])
        
    if equivalent_to:
      if isinstance(equivalent_to, list): Class.equivalent_to.extend(equivalent_to)
      
    return Class
  
  def _add_is_a_triple(Class, base):
    Class.namespace.ontology._add_obj_triple_spo(Class.storid, Class._rdfs_is_a, base.storid)
    
  def _del_is_a_triple(Class, base):
    Class.namespace.world._del_obj_triple_spo(Class.storid, Class._rdfs_is_a, base.storid)
    
  def __init__(Class, name, bases, obj_dict):
    if "defined_class" in obj_dict:
      Class.defined_class = obj_dict["defined_class"] # Before the other!
    for k, v in obj_dict.items():
      if k in SPECIAL_ATTRS: continue
      Prop = Class.namespace.world._props.get(k)
      if Prop is None:
        type.__setattr__(Class, k, v)
      else:
        try: delattr(Class, k) # Remove the value initially stored by obj_dict in __new__
        except: pass
        setattr(Class, k, v)
        
  def get_equivalent_to(Class):
    if Class._equivalent_to is None:
      Class._equivalent_to = _EquivalentToList(
          [Class.namespace.world._to_python(o, main_type = Class.__class__, default_to_none = True)
           for o in Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triples_sp_o(Class.storid, Class._owl_equivalent)
          ], Class, Class.__class__._class_equivalent_to_changed)
    return Class._equivalent_to
  
  def set_equivalent_to(Class, value): Class.equivalent_to.reinit(value)
  
  equivalent_to = property(get_equivalent_to, set_equivalent_to)
  
  def get_indirect_equivalent_to(Class):
    eq = Class.equivalent_to
    if eq._indirect is None: eq._build_indirect()
    return eq._indirect
  INDIRECT_equivalent_to = property(get_indirect_equivalent_to)
  
  def _class_equivalent_to_changed(Class, old):
    for Subclass in Class.descendants(True, True):
      _FUNCTIONAL_FOR_CACHE.pop(Subclass, None)
      
    new = frozenset(Class._equivalent_to)
    old = frozenset(old)
    
    for x in old - new:
      Class.namespace.world._del_obj_triple_spo(Class.storid, Class._owl_equivalent, x.storid)
      if isinstance(x, Construct): x._set_ontology(None)
      else: # Invalidate it
        if not x.equivalent_to._indirect is None:
          for x2 in x.equivalent_to._indirect:
            if not isinstance(x2, Construct): x2._equivalent_to._indirect = None
          x._equivalent_to._indirect = None
      
    for x in new - old:
      if isinstance(x, Construct):
        x = x._set_ontology_copy_if_needed(Class.namespace.ontology, Class._equivalent_to)
          
      else: # Invalidate it
        if not x.equivalent_to._indirect is None:
          for x2 in x.equivalent_to._indirect:
            if not isinstance(x2, Construct): x2._equivalent_to._indirect = None
          x._equivalent_to._indirect = None
      Class.namespace.ontology._add_obj_triple_spo(Class.storid, Class._owl_equivalent, x.storid)
      
    Class._equivalent_to._indirect = None # Invalidate, because the addition / removal may add its own equivalent.
    
  def __setattr__(Class, attr, value):
    if attr == "is_a":
      old = Class.is_a
      type.__setattr__(Class, "is_a", CallbackList(value, Class, Class.__class__._class_is_a_changed))
      Class._class_is_a_changed(old)
      return

    type.__setattr__(Class, attr, value)
    
  def _class_is_a_changed(Class, old):
    for Subclass in Class.descendants(True, True):
      _FUNCTIONAL_FOR_CACHE.pop(Subclass, None)
      
    new = frozenset(Class.is_a)
    old = frozenset(old)
    for base in old - new:
      if not LOADING: Class._del_is_a_triple(base)
      if isinstance(base, Construct): base._set_ontology(None)
      
    bases = Class._find_base_classes(Class.is_a)
    if bases:
      Class.__bases__ = bases
    else:
      if   isinstance(Class, ThingClass):
        if not Class is Thing:
          Class.__bases__ = (Thing,)
          list.insert(Class.is_a, 0, Thing)
      elif isinstance(Class, ObjectPropertyClass):
        Class.__bases__ = (ObjectProperty,)
        list.insert(Class.is_a, 0, ObjectProperty)
      else:
        Class.__bases__ = (DataProperty,)
        list.insert(Class.is_a, 0, DataProperty)
        
    for base in new - old:
      if isinstance(base, Construct):
        if Class is Thing:
          base = base._set_ontology_copy_if_needed(CURRENT_NAMESPACES.get()[-1].ontology, Class.is_a)
        else:
          base = base._set_ontology_copy_if_needed(Class.namespace.ontology, Class.is_a)
      if not LOADING: Class._add_is_a_triple(base)
      
  def disjoints(Class):
    for c, s, p, o in Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triples_cspo_cspo(None, None, rdf_type, Class._owl_alldisjoint):
      onto = Class.namespace.world.graph.context_2_user_context(c)
      list_bnode = Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triple_sp_o(s, owl_members)
      storids = set(storid for storid, dropit in onto._parse_list_as_rdf(list_bnode))
      if Class.storid in storids: yield onto._parse_bnode(s)
      
    for c, s, p, o in Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triples_cspo_cspo(None, Class.storid, Class._owl_disjointwith, None):
      with LOADING: a = AllDisjoint((s, p, o), Class.namespace.world.graph.context_2_user_context(c), None)
      yield a # Must yield outside the with statement
      
    for c, s, p, o in Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triples_cspo_cspo(None, None, Class._owl_disjointwith, Class.storid):
      with LOADING: a = AllDisjoint((s, p, o), Class.namespace.world.graph.context_2_user_context(c), None)
      yield a
      
  def ancestors(Class, include_self = True, include_constructs = False):
    s = set()
    Class._fill_ancestors(s, include_self, include_constructs)
    return s
  
  def descendants(Class, include_self = True, only_loaded = False, world = None):
    s = set()
    if Class.namespace.world is owl_world:
      if world is None:
        import owlready2
        world = owlready2.default_world
      Class._fill_descendants(s, include_self, only_loaded, world, None)
    else:
      Class._fill_descendants(s, include_self, only_loaded, Class.namespace.world, Class.namespace.ontology)
    return s
  
  # def descendants2(Class, include_self = True, only_loaded = False, world = None):
  #   if (Class.namespace.world is owl_world) and (world is None):
  #     import owlready2
  #     world = owlready2.default_world
  #   else:
  #     world = Class.namespace.world

  #   if only_loaded:
  #     if include_self:
  #       return set(world.prepare_sparql("""SELECT ?c { ?c (rdfs:subClassOf|owl:equivalentClass|^owl:equivalentClass)* ?? . FILTER(ISIRI(?c)) . FILTER(LOADED(?c)) }""").execute_flat((Class,)))
  #     else:
  #       return set(world.prepare_sparql("""SELECT ?c { ?c (rdfs:subClassOf|owl:equivalentClass|^owl:equivalentClass)*/rdfs:subClassOf ?? . FILTER(ISIRI(?c)) . FILTER(LOADED(?c)) }""").execute_flat((Class,)))
  #   else:
  #     if include_self:
  #       return set(world.prepare_sparql("""SELECT ?c { ?c (rdfs:subClassOf|owl:equivalentClass|^owl:equivalentClass)* ?? . FILTER(ISIRI(?c)) }""").execute_flat((Class,)))
  #     else:
  #       return set(world.prepare_sparql("""SELECT ?c { ?c (rdfs:subClassOf|owl:equivalentClass|^owl:equivalentClass)*/rdfs:subClassOf ?? . FILTER(ISIRI(?c)) }""").execute_flat((Class,)))
    
  def _fill_ancestors(Class, s, include_self, include_constructs):
    if include_self:
      if not Class in s:
        s.add(Class)
        for equivalent in Class.equivalent_to.indirect():
          if isinstance(equivalent, EntityClass):
            if not equivalent in s: equivalent._fill_ancestors(s, True, include_constructs)
          elif include_constructs:
            if not equivalent in s: s.add(equivalent)
    if include_constructs:
      for parent in Class.is_a:
        if isinstance(parent, EntityClass):
          if not parent in s:
            parent._fill_ancestors(s, True, True)
        elif include_constructs and (not parent is object):
          if not parent in s: s.add(parent)
    else:
      for parent in Class.__bases__:
        if isinstance(parent, EntityClass):
          if not parent in s:
            parent._fill_ancestors(s, True, False)
            
  def _fill_descendants(Class, s, include_self, only_loaded, world, onto):
    if include_self:
      s.add(Class)
      for equivalent in Class.equivalent_to.indirect():
        if isinstance(equivalent, Class.__class__) and not equivalent in s:
          equivalent._fill_descendants(s, True, only_loaded, world, onto)
    
    for x in world._get_obj_triples_transitive_po(Class._rdfs_is_a, Class.storid):
      if not x < 0:
        if only_loaded:
          descendant = world._entities.get(x)
          if descendant is None: continue
        else:
          descendant = world._get_by_storid(x, None, Class.__class__, onto)
        if (descendant is Class): continue
        if not descendant in s:
          s.add(descendant)
          for equivalent in descendant.equivalent_to.indirect():
            if isinstance(equivalent, Class.__class__) and not equivalent in s:
              equivalent._fill_descendants(s, True, only_loaded, world, onto)
              
  def subclasses(Class, only_loaded = False, world = None):
    if Class is Thing:
      if world is None:
        import owlready2
        world = owlready2.default_world
        
      for x, in world.graph.db.execute(
          """SELECT q1.s FROM objs q1 WHERE q1.p=? AND q1.o=? AND ((q1.s > 0))
    AND (SELECT 1 FROM objs q2 INDEXED BY index_objs_sp
    WHERE q2.s=q1.s AND q2.p=? AND ((q2.o > 0) AND q2.o != ?)) IS NULL""",
          (rdf_type, owl_class, rdfs_subclassof, owl_thing)):
        if only_loaded:
          subclass = world._entities.get(x)
          if not subclass is None: yield subclass
        else:
          yield world._get_by_storid(x, None, ThingClass)
      
    else:
      world = world or Class.namespace.world
      if only_loaded:
        for x in world._get_obj_triples_po_s(Class._rdfs_is_a, Class.storid):
          if not x < 0:
            subclass = world._entities.get(x)
            if not subclass is None: yield subclass
            
      else:
        for x in world._get_obj_triples_po_s(Class._rdfs_is_a, Class.storid):
          if not x < 0:
            yield world._get_by_storid(x, None, ThingClass, Class.namespace.ontology)
        
  def constructs(Class, Prop = None):
    def _top_bn(onto, s):
      for relation in [rdf_first, rdf_rest, owl_complementof, owl_unionof, owl_intersectionof, owl_onclass, SOME, ONLY]:
        s2 = Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triple_po_s(relation, s)
        if not s2 is None: return _top_bn(onto, s2)
      try:
        return onto._parse_bnode(s)
      except:
        return None
      
    if Prop: Prop = Prop.storid
    for c,s,p,o in Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triples_cspo_cspo(None, None, Prop, Class.storid):
      if s < 0:
        
        onto = Class.namespace.world.graph.context_2_user_context(c)
        construct = _top_bn(onto, s)
        if not construct is None:
          yield construct
          
def issubclass_owlready(Class, Parent_or_tuple):
  try:
    if issubclass_python(Class, Parent_or_tuple): return True
  except TypeError: return False
  
  if isinstance(Class, EntityClass):
    if not isinstance(Parent_or_tuple, tuple): Parent_or_tuple = (Parent_or_tuple,)
    parent_storids = { Parent.storid for Parent in Parent_or_tuple }
    
    Class_parents = set(Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triples_transitive_sp(Class.storid, Class._rdfs_is_a))
    Class_parents.add(Class.storid)
    if not parent_storids.isdisjoint(Class_parents): return True
    
    equivalent_storids = { Equivalent.storid for Parent in Parent_or_tuple for Equivalent in Parent.equivalent_to.indirect() }
    if not equivalent_storids.isdisjoint(Class_parents): return True
    
  return False

issubclass = issubclass_owlready

def isinstance_python(obj, class_or_tuple):
  if isinstance(class_or_tuple, tuple):
    for c in class_or_tuple:
      if type.__instancecheck__(c, obj): return True
  else:
    return type.__instancecheck__(class_or_tuple, obj)
  

class ThingClass(EntityClass):
  namespace = owlready
  
  def __instancecheck__(Class, instance):
    if not hasattr(instance, "storid"): return False
    if Class is Thing: return super().__instancecheck__(instance)
    for C in instance.is_a:
      if isinstance(C, EntityClass) and issubclass(C, Class): return True
    return False
  
  def _satisfied_by(Class, x):
    return (isinstance(x, EntityClass) and issubclass(x, Class)) or isinstance(x, Class)
  
  def _get_class_possible_relations(Class):
    for Prop in Class.namespace.world._reasoning_props.values():
      for domain in Prop.domains_indirect():
        if not domain._satisfied_by(Class): break
      else:
        yield Prop
        
  def get_disjoint_unions(Class):
    if not "_disjoint_unions" in Class.__dict__:
      l = []
      for o in Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triples_sp_o(Class.storid, owl_disjointunion):
        xs = [Class.namespace.world._get_by_storid(storid) for storid, dropit in Class.namespace.world._parse_list_as_rdf(o)]
        du = _DisjointUnionList(xs, Class, o)
        l.append(du)
      Class._disjoint_unions = CallbackList(l, Class, Class.__class__._disjoint_union_changed)
    return Class._disjoint_unions
  def set_disjoint_unions(Class, dus): Class.disjoint_unions.reinit(dus)
  def _disjoint_union_changed(Class, old):
    new = Class._disjoint_unions
    for removed in old:
      if not removed in new:
        Class.namespace.ontology._del_list(removed._bn)
        Class.namespace.world._del_obj_triple_spo(Class.storid, owl_disjointunion, removed._bn)
    new2 = []
    for added in new:
      if not added in old:
        if not isinstance(new, _DisjointUnionList):
          bn = Class.namespace.world.new_blank_node()
          Class.namespace.ontology._set_list(bn, added)
          added = _DisjointUnionList(added, Class, bn)
        Class.namespace.ontology._add_obj_triple_spo(Class.storid, owl_disjointunion, added._bn)
      new2.append(added)  
    new._set(new2)
  disjoint_unions = property(get_disjoint_unions, set_disjoint_unions)
  
  
  # def instances(Class, world = None):
  #   if Class.namespace.world is owl_world:
  #     import owlready2
  #     world = (world or owlready2.default_world).world
  #     if Class is Thing: return world.individuals()
  #     return world.search(type = Class)
  #   return Class.namespace.world.search(type = Class)
  
  def instances(Class, world = None):
    if Class.namespace.world is owl_world:
      import owlready2
      world = (world or owlready2.default_world).world
      if Class is Thing: return world.individuals()
    else:
      world = Class.namespace.world
      
    q = world.prepare_sparql("""SELECT DISTINCT ?i { ?i a/(rdfs:subClassOf|owl:equivalentClass|^owl:equivalentClass)* ?? . }""")
    if sqlite3.sqlite_version_info[1] < 36: # Some SQLite3 versions have a bug on recursive queries with multiple unions
      q.sql = """
WITH RECURSIVE prelim1_objs(s) AS (VALUES (?1) 
UNION 
SELECT q.s FROM objs q, prelim1_objs rec WHERE q.p IN (9,33) AND q.o=rec.s),

prelim2_objs(s) AS (VALUES (?1)
UNION
SELECT q.o FROM objs q, prelim1_objs rec WHERE q.p=33 AND q.s=rec.s)

SELECT q1.s FROM objs q1 WHERE q1.p=6 AND (q1.o IN (SELECT s FROM prelim1_objs) OR q1.o IN (SELECT s FROM prelim2_objs) ) ;
"""
    return list(q.execute_flat((Class,)))
  
  def direct_instances(Class, world = None):
    if Class.namespace.world is owl_world:
      import owlready2
      world = world or owlready2.default_world
      return [world._get_by_storid(s, None, Thing) for s in world._get_obj_triples_po_s(rdf_type, Class.storid)]
    return [Class.namespace.world._get_by_storid(s, None, Thing) for s in Class.namespace.world._get_obj_triples_po_s(rdf_type, Class.storid)]
  
  def get_class_properties(Class):
    l = set()
    for r in _property_value_restrictions(Class, None):
      if isinstance(r.property, owlready2.class_construct.Inverse): prop = r.property.property
      else:                                                         prop = r.property
      if   prop._class_property_some and ((r.type == VALUE) or (r.type == SOME) or ((r.type == EXACTLY) and r.cardinality >= 1) or ((r.type == MIN) and r.cardinality >= 1)):
        l.add(r.property)
      elif prop._class_property_only and  (r.type == ONLY):
        l.add(r.property)
        
    for storid in Class.namespace.world._get_triples_s_p(Class.storid):
      Prop = Class.namespace.world._get_by_storid(storid)
      if not Prop is None: # None is is-a,...
        l.add(Prop)
    return l
  
  def INDIRECT_get_class_properties(Class):
    l = set()
    for r in _inherited_properties_value_restrictions(Class, None, set()):
      if   r.property._class_property_some and ((r.type == VALUE) or (r.type == SOME) or ((r.type == EXACTLY) and r.cardinality >= 1) or ((r.type == MIN) and r.cardinality >= 1)):
        l.add(r.property)
      elif r.property._class_property_only and  (r.type == ONLY):
        l.add(r.property)
        
    for storid in Class.namespace.world._get_triples_s_p(Class.storid):
      Prop = Class.namespace.world._get_by_storid(storid)
      if not Prop is None: # None is is-a,...
        l.add(Prop)
    return l
  
  def __and__(a, b): return And([a, b])
  def __or__ (a, b): return Or ([a, b])
  def __invert__(a): return Not(a)
  
  def __rshift__(Domain, Range):
    import owlready2.prop
    owlready2.prop._NEXT_DOMAIN_RANGE.set((Domain, Range))
    if isinstance(Range, ThingClass) or isinstance(Range, Construct):
      return owlready2.prop.ObjectProperty
    else:
      return owlready2.prop.DataProperty
    
  def get_defined_class(Class):
    v = Class.__dict__.get("__defined_class", None)
    if v is None:
      v = Class.namespace.ontology._get_data_triple_sp_od(Class.storid, owlready_defined_class)
      if v: v = from_literal(*v)
      else: v = False
      type.__setattr__(Class, "__defined_class", v)
    return v
  def set_defined_class(Class, defined_class):
    type.__setattr__(Class, "__defined_class", defined_class)
    if defined_class:
      Class.namespace.ontology._set_data_triple_spod(Class.storid, owlready_defined_class, *to_literal(True))
    else:
      Class.namespace.world._del_data_triple_spod(Class.storid, owlready_defined_class, "true", None)
  defined_class = property(get_defined_class, set_defined_class)
  
  def __getattr__(Class, attr):
    if attr.startswith("INDIRECT_"):
      if attr == "INDIRECT_is_a": return Class.ancestors(True, True)
      Prop = Class.namespace.world._props.get(attr[9:])
      if not Prop: raise AttributeError("'%s' property is not defined." % attr)
      #if Prop.is_functional_for(Class): return Prop._get_indirect_value_for_class(Class)
      if issubclass(Prop, FunctionalProperty): return Prop._get_indirect_value_for_class(Class)
      else:                                    return Prop._get_indirect_values_for_class(Class)
      
    else:
      Prop = Class.namespace.world._props.get(attr)
      if not Prop: raise AttributeError("'%s' property is not defined." % attr)
      if issubclass_python(Prop, AnnotationProperty):
        attr = "__%s" % attr # Do NOT cache as such in __dict__, to avoid inheriting annotations
        values = Class.__dict__.get(attr)
        if values is None:
          values = Prop._get_values_for_class(Class)
          type.__setattr__(Class, attr, values)
        return values
      
      #if Prop.is_functional_for(Class): return Prop._get_value_for_class (Class)
      if issubclass(Prop, FunctionalProperty): return Prop._get_value_for_class (Class)
      else:                                    return Prop._get_values_for_class(Class)
      
      
  def __setattr__(Class, attr, value):
    if attr in SPECIAL_ATTRS:
      super().__setattr__(attr, value)
      return

    if Class.namespace.world is owl_world: Prop = CURRENT_NAMESPACES.get()[-1].world._props.get(attr)
    else:                                  Prop = Class.namespace.world._props.get(attr)
    if Prop is None: raise AttributeError("'%s' property is not defined." % attr)
    
    if   value is None:               value = []
    elif not isinstance(value, list): value = [value]
    
    if isinstance(Prop, ReasoningPropertyClass):
      Class._on_class_prop_changed(Prop, Prop._get_values_for_class(Class), value)
    else:
      attr = "__%s" % attr # Do NOT cache as such in __dict__, to avoid inheriting annotations
      values = Class.__dict__.get(attr)
      if values is None:
        values = Prop._get_values_for_class(Class)
        type.__setattr__(Class, attr, values)
      values.reinit(value)
    
        
  def inverse_restrictions(Class, Prop = None):
    for construct in Class.constructs():
      if   isinstance(construct, Restriction) and ((Prop is None) or (construct.property is Prop)):
        if   construct.value is Class:
          yield from construct.subclasses()
        elif isinstance(construct.value, Or) and (Class in construct.value.Classes):
            yield from construct.subclasses()
            
      elif isinstance(construct, And):
        for subconstruct in construct.Classes:
          if isinstance(subconstruct, Restriction) and ((Prop is None) or (subconstruct.property is Prop)):
            if   subconstruct.value is Class:
              yield from construct.subclasses()
            elif isinstance(subconstruct.value, Or) and (Class in subconstruct.value.Classes):
              yield from construct.subclasses()
              
  # Class properties

  def _get_defined_construct(Class):
    parents = { c for c in Class.is_a if isinstance(c, ThingClass) }
    for r in Class.equivalent_to:
      if isinstance(r, And) and (parents.issubset(r.Classes)): break
    else: r = None
    return parents, r
  
  def _on_class_prop_changed(Class, Prop, old, new):
    old     = set(old)
    new     = set(new)
    removed = old - new
    inverse = Prop.inverse_property

    if Class.defined_class:
      parents, r = Class._get_defined_construct()
      
      if Prop._class_property_some:
        if r:
          for v in removed:
            for i in r.Classes:
              if isinstance(i, Restriction) and (i.property is Prop) and ((i.type == SOME) or (i.type == VALUE)) and (i.value is v):
                r.Classes.remove(i)
                break
              
        added = new - old
        if added:
          if not r:
            r = And(parents)
            Class.equivalent_to.append(r)
          for v in added:
            if isinstance(v, ThingClass): r.Classes.append(Prop.some(v))
            else:                         r.Classes.append(Prop.value(v))
      
      if Prop._class_property_only:
        if r:
          for r2 in r.Classes:
            if isinstance(r2, Restriction) and (r2.type == ONLY) and (r2.property is Prop): break
          else: r2 = None
        else: r2 = None
        
        only_classes   = [v for v in new if isinstance(v, EntityClass) or isinstance(v, Construct)]
        only_instances = [v for v in new if not v in only_classes]
        
        if only_instances: only_classes.append(OneOf(only_instances))
        if not only_classes:
          if r2 in r.Classes: r.Classes.remove(r2)
        else:
          if not r:
            r = And(parents)
            Class.equivalent_to.append(r)
          if len(only_classes) == 1:
            if r2: r2.value = only_classes[0]
            else:
              r2 = Prop.only(only_classes[0])
              r.Classes.append(r2)
          else:
            if r2:
              if isinstance(r2.value, Or): r2.value.Classes = only_classes
              else:                        r2.value = Or(only_classes)
            else:
              r2 = Prop.only(Or(only_classes))
              r.Classes.append(r2)
        
    else:
      if Prop._class_property_some:
        if removed:
          for r in list(_property_value_restrictions(Class, Prop)):
            if ((r.type == SOME) or (r.type == VALUE)) and (r.value in removed) and (r in Class.is_a):
              Class.is_a.remove(r)
              if r.type == VALUE:
                if isinstance(Prop, ObjectPropertyClass):
                  for r2 in r.value.is_a:
                    if isinstance(r2, Restriction) and ((r2.property is inverse) or (isinstance(r2.property, Inverse) and (r2.property.property is Prop))) and (r2.type == SOME) and (r2.value is Class):
                      r.value.is_a.remove(r2)
                      break
                    
        for v in new - old:
          if isinstance(v, EntityClass) or isinstance(v, Construct):
            Class.is_a.append(Prop.some(v))
          else:
            Class.is_a.append(Prop.value(v))
            if isinstance(Prop, ObjectPropertyClass):
              v.is_a.append(Inverse(Prop).some(Class))
            
      if Prop._class_property_only:
        for r in _property_value_restrictions(Class, Prop):
          if (r.type == ONLY): break
        else: r = None
        
        only_classes   = [v for v in new if isinstance(v, EntityClass) or isinstance(v, Construct)]
        only_instances = [v for v in new if not v in only_classes]
        
        if only_instances: only_classes.append(OneOf(only_instances))
        if not only_classes:
          if r in Class.is_a: Class.is_a.remove(r)
        else:
          if len(only_classes) == 1:
            if r: r.value = only_classes[0]
            else:
              r = Prop.only(only_classes[0])
              Class.is_a.append(r)
          else:
            if r:
              if isinstance(r.value, Or): r.value.Classes = only_classes
              else:                       r.value = Or(only_classes)
            else:
              r = Prop.only(Or(only_classes))
              Class.is_a.append(r)
              
      if Prop._class_property_relation:
        if Prop._owl_type == owl_object_property:
          for v in removed:
            Class.namespace.world._del_obj_triple_spo(Class.storid, Prop.storid, v.storid)
            if inverse:
              Class.namespace.world._del_obj_triple_spo(v.storid, inverse.storid, Class.storid) # Also remove inverse
              #if isinstance(v, EntityClass): v.__dict__.pop("__%s" % inverse.python_name, None) # Remove => force reloading; XXX optimizable
              #else:                          v.__dict__.pop(inverse.python_name, None) # Remove => force reloading; XXX optimizable
              
          for v in new - old:
            Class.namespace.ontology._add_obj_triple_spo(Class.storid, Prop.storid, v.storid)
            #if inverse:
            #  if isinstance(v, EntityClass): v.__dict__.pop("__%s" % inverse.python_name, None) # Remove => force reloading; XXX optimizable
            #  else:                          v.__dict__.pop(inverse.python_name, None) # Remove => force reloading; XXX optimizable
            
        else: # Data prop
          for v in removed:
            Class.namespace.world._del_data_triple_spod(Class.storid, Prop.storid, Class.namespace.ontology._to_rdf(v)[0], None)
            
          for v in new - old:
            Class.namespace.ontology._add_data_triple_spod(Class.storid, Prop.storid, *Class.namespace.ontology._to_rdf(v))
          
          
            


def _inherited_property_value_restrictions(x, Prop, already):
  if   isinstance(x, Restriction):
    if (Prop is None) or (x.property is Prop): yield x
    
  elif isinstance(x, EntityClass) or isinstance(x, Thing):
    # Need two passes in order to favor restriction on the initial class rather than those on the ancestor classes
    parentss = (x.is_a, list(x.equivalent_to.indirect()))
    for parents in parentss:
      for parent in parents:
        if isinstance(parent, Restriction):
          if (Prop is None) or (parent.property is Prop): yield parent
        
    for parents in parentss:
      for parent in parents:
        if (not isinstance(parent, Restriction)) and (not parent in already):
          already.add(parent)
          yield from _inherited_property_value_restrictions(parent, Prop, already)
          
  elif isinstance(x, And):
    for x2 in x.Classes:
      yield from _inherited_property_value_restrictions(x2, Prop, already)