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+---
+authors: Tiago Silva (tiago.silva@goteleport.com)
+state: draft
+---
+
+# RFD 0122 - Robust Access to Kubernetes Clusters
+
+## Required Approvers
+
+* Engineering: @r0mant && @rosstimothy
+
+## What
+
+Extend [RFD 93](./0093-offline-access.md) to support Kubernetes access when there is intermittent or no connectivity to Auth.
+
+## Why
+
+While performing an upgrade of the Auth server or during cluster downtime, there is a period of time when access is restricted.
+During this time, users are unable to access any resources that require a connection to Auth. This includes Kubernetes clusters,
+databases, and any other resources. This can be problematic for cluster admins who need to perform
+an Auth upgrade or need to perform maintenance on the Auth server because they lose the ability to access the cluster/node
+during the upgrade or maintenance. If during the upgrade an issue is found that requires a rollback or configuration change, they
+are unable to access the cluster/node to perform the rollback or configuration change until the Auth server is back online if
+no other authentication methods are configured.
+
+## Details
+
+In the following sections, we will discuss the different scenarios where a connection to Auth is required and the different ways
+we can mitigate the impact of Auth downtime.
+
+### Auth Connection Required
+
+The following cluster settings or operations **must** have a connection to Auth server to establish a connection to a node:
+
+#### Kubernetes cluster login `tsh kube login`
+
+```bash
+tsh kube login <kube_cluster>|--all
+```
+
+When a user attempts to login to a Kubernetes cluster - `tsh kube login <kube_cluster>` dials the Auth server to list the
+available Kubernetes clusters using `proto.AuthService/ListResources` to ensure the selected cluster exists and to update
+the kubeconfig for it.
+
+#### Kubernetes cluster credentials
+
+```bash
+tsh kube credentials --kube-cluster=<kube_cluster> --teleport-cluster=<cluster_name> --proxy=<proxy_addr>
+```
+
+Teleport routes all Kubernetes traffic based on the cluster name present in the user's certificate. In order to
+route traffic to the correct cluster, `tsh` needs to be able to request a new certificate with the requested cluster name.
+Without a connection to Auth, `tsh` cannot request the new certificate and therefore Teleport cannot route traffic to the cluster.
+
+Depending on the configuration of the cluster, roles and target cluster,
+`tsh` may be able to use a cached certificate to connect to the cluster.
+When a certificate is cached, `tsh` will not attempt to request a new certificate from Auth and will dial directly to the
+Teleport proxy using the cached certificate. This is only possible when the following conditions are met:
+
+- No MFA is required for the user or the user has already completed the MFA ceremony using `tsh proxy kube`
+- The cached certificate is still valid
+- The cached certificate includes the MFA payload (if required)
+
+#### Sync Recording modes
+
+Similarly to RFD 93, `proxy-sync` and `node-sync` recording modes require a persistent connection to Auth to upload session recordings. As a result,
+even if the conditions above are met, `kubectl exec` interactive sessions cannot be created without being able to start a connection
+for the recordings. This will prevent the connection to the Kubernetes cluster from being established successfully.
+
+#### Per-Session MFA
+
+When Per-Session MFA is enabled either at the cluster or role level, `tsh` requires a connection to Auth to perform the MFA ceremony.
+By default, MFA certificates are valid for 1 minute and cached locally. This means that if a user has already completed the MFA ceremony
+within the last minute, `tsh` will not need to connect to Auth to perform the MFA ceremony again. However, if the user has not completed
+the MFA ceremony within the last minute, `tsh` will need to connect to Auth to perform the MFA ceremony.
+
+MFA ceremonies are performed when a user invokes any `kubectl` command that requires a connection to the cluster.
+If the user's certificate for the cluster does not exist or is expired, `tsh` will need to connect to Auth to request a new certificate.
+
+#### Moderated Sessions
+
+Similarly to RFD 93, Teleport Kubernetes access also requires a connection to Auth to create a moderated session.
+It's required because the session tracker is created on the Auth server and the participants are appended to the session.
+Kubernetes agents constantly update the session tracker to extend the TTL while the session is active. Finally,
+once the session is closed, the session tracker is updated again to mark the session as closed.
+
+This means that `kubectl exec -it` (interactive sessions) requires a permanent connection to Auth to create the session and
+append the participants to the session. On the other hand, `kubectl exec` (non-interactive sessions) does not require a permanent
+connection to Auth because the session is created and closed immediately after the command completes and the session tracker
+is never created.
+
+Without Auth connectivity, it is not possible to create or join a moderated session.
+
+#### Web UI
+
+Not applicable to this RFD as the Web UI is not supported for Kubernetes clusters.
+
+#### Strict Locking mode
+
+```yaml
+kind: role
+version: v5
+metadata:
+  name: lock-strict
+spec:
+  options:
+    lock: strict
+```
+
+When Strict locking mode is enabled, Teleport requires a connection to Auth to ensure that the locks are up to date.
+If the locks are not up to date, Teleport will terminate all connections to the cluster and prevent new connections from being established.
+
+Strict locking isn't enabled by default.
+
+### Auth Connection Not Required
+
+### `kubectl`
+
+Attempting to connect to a Kubernetes cluster when the user's certificate is cached locally and does not require MFA should not require a connection to Auth.
+
+The exception to this is when the user tries to create an interactive session (`kubectl exec -it`) because the session is moderated and requires a connection to Auth.
+
+###### Per-Session MFA
+
+With Teleport 13, `tsh proxy kube` is now able to cache MFAs certificates for longer than 1 minute. This means that if a user has already
+completed the MFA ceremony within the `max_session_ttl` time, `tsh proxy kube` will not need to connect to Auth to perform the MFA ceremony again
+until the `max_session_ttl` has expired.
+
+This feature is useful when Auth server downtime is expected and users can complete the MFA ceremony before Auth downtime.
+
+###### Session Trackers
+
+A new session tracker is created for every interactive session. Kubernetes Agent will attempt to persist the session tracker
+but if it cannot, the session will be aborted.
+
+We propose the same solution as RFD 93 to mitigate the impact of Auth downtime on interactive sessions.
+If the session tracker cannot be persisted, the agent should check if moderated sessions are required.
+If they aren't, the session should be allowed to proceed using a local session tracker resource.
+
+While this does allow access to the node, it will prevent the following:
+
+- the session from appearing in the active sessions list
+- the session will not be joinable by other users
+- the session recording will not be available until the UploadCompleter processes it
+
+### Teleport Connect
+
+Currently, Teleport Connect leverages the `tsh` client and kubectl to establish a connection to the cluster which means that
+the MFA certificates are cached locally but only for 1 minute.
+
+We have plans to move Teleport Connect to `tsh proxy kube` which will allow us to leverage the longer MFA certificate caching
+and allow users to complete the MFA ceremony before Auth downtime.
+
+## Testing
+
+Similarly to RFD 93, tests will be added to verify that in each scenario described in this RFD that access to the Kube cluster is as expected.
+
+An integration test will be added to verify that a user with a cached certificate can connect to a cluster when Auth is down. The test consists of the following steps:
+
+1. Start a Teleport Auth server
+2. Start a Teleport Proxy server
+3. Start a Teleport Kubernetes Agent serving a Kubernetes KinD cluster
+4. Create a user certificate for user without moderation requirements (ok)
+5. Create a user certificate for user with moderation requirements (fail)
+6. Create a user certificate for user with MFA requirements (ok if MFA is cached)
+7. Shutdown the Auth server
+8. Attempt to connect to the cluster using `kubectl exec`/`kubectl get pods` for each user mentioned
+
+## Security
+
+Allowing non-moderated sessions to continue without the session tracker in the backend means does pose some auditing risk.
+