From 7d78345910eee3a39a9f9f013c84e8f23b44e0c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Yagnesh M. Bhadiyadra" <yagnesh@infocusp.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2025 18:43:21 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] refactor(validation): enforce exactly-one-set constraint on
 model fields in class `types.Part`

Add a Pydantic V2 @model_validator to the existing genai.types.Part model to enforce data integrity.

This validator ensures that exactly one of the specified optional fields (e.g., field_a, field_b, field_c) has a value other than None. If zero or more than one field is set during validation, a ValueError is now raised.

This refactoring improves the robustness of the model by explicitly enforcing the intended single-choice rule.
---
 google/genai/types.py | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+)

diff --git a/google/genai/types.py b/google/genai/types.py
index 58cae2431..7bec5cec6 100644
--- a/google/genai/types.py
+++ b/google/genai/types.py
@@ -670,6 +670,24 @@ def from_code_execution_result(
     code_execution_result = CodeExecutionResult(outcome=outcome, output=output)
     return cls(code_execution_result=code_execution_result)
 
+  @pydantic.model_validator(mode='after')
+  def check_exactly_one_field_set(self) -> 'Part':
+    """
+    Validates that exactly one of the optional fields is set.
+    """
+    # Get all fields defined in this model (excluding potential private attributes)
+    # In Pydantic V2, self.model_fields gives the definitions
+    # We need the actual values, which are instance attributes
+    field_names = self.model_fields.keys()
+
+    # Count how many fields are set (not None)
+    set_fields_count = sum(1 for field_name in field_names if getattr(self, field_name) is not None)
+
+    # Check if the count is exactly 1
+    if set_fields_count != 1:
+        raise ValueError(f"Exactly one of the fields {list(field_names)} must be set. Found {set_fields_count} set.")
+
+    return self
 
 class PartDict(TypedDict, total=False):
   """A datatype containing media content.