Add capability to partition tables by the full spectrum of supported capabilities

[chalmerlowe]

As noted in this Issue/PR, this library was found to be unable to partition according to a specific granularity, despite that being part of the BigQuery (BQ) API.

During investigation into the above Issue, it was found that the library was missing additional capabilities as reflected this matrix.

Add capabilities noted in the matrix to partition tables by the full spectrum of supported BQ capabilities.

Column Data Type	HOUR	DAY	MONTH	YEAR
DATE	N/A	Fixed by #1057	via DATE_TRUNC	via DATE_TRUNC
DATETIME	Incorrectly implemented via DATE_TRUNC TODO: use  DATETIME_TRUNC	Incorrectly implemented via DATE_TRUNC TODO: use  DATETIME_TRUNC	Incorrectly implemented via DATE_TRUNC TODO: use  DATETIME_TRUNC	Incorrectly implemented via DATE_TRUNC TODO: use  DATETIME_TRUNC
TIMESTAMP	via TIMESTAMP_TRUNC	via TIMESTAMP_TRUNC	via TIMESTAMP_TRUNC	via TIMESTAMP_TRUNC
_PARTITIONDATE	N/A	via DATE_TRUNC	via DATE_TRUNC	via DATE_TRUNC
_PARTITIONTIME	Not currently implemented TODO: USE TIMESTAMP_TRUNC	Not currently implemented TODO: USE TIMESTAMP_TRUNC	Not currently implemented TODO: USE TIMESTAMP_TRUNC	Not currently implemented TODO: USE TIMESTAMP_TRUNC