diff --git a/common/src/main/java/dev/cel/common/ast/CelExprFormatter.java b/common/src/main/java/dev/cel/common/ast/CelExprFormatter.java
index 8ab71c094..32e0233d0 100644
--- a/common/src/main/java/dev/cel/common/ast/CelExprFormatter.java
+++ b/common/src/main/java/dev/cel/common/ast/CelExprFormatter.java
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ private void appendSelect(CelExpr.CelSelect celSelect) {
     indent();
     formatExpr(celSelect.operand());
     outdent();
-    append(".");
-    append(celSelect.field());
+    appendWithoutIndent(".");
+    appendWithoutIndent(celSelect.field());
     if (celSelect.testOnly()) {
       appendWithoutIndent("~presence_test");
     }
diff --git a/common/src/test/java/dev/cel/common/ast/CelExprFormatterTest.java b/common/src/test/java/dev/cel/common/ast/CelExprFormatterTest.java
index 2c863b1f4..0efb890c1 100644
--- a/common/src/test/java/dev/cel/common/ast/CelExprFormatterTest.java
+++ b/common/src/test/java/dev/cel/common/ast/CelExprFormatterTest.java
@@ -336,4 +336,37 @@ public void comprehension() throws Exception {
                 + "  }\n"
                 + "}");
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void ternaryWithPresenceTest() throws Exception {
+    CelCompiler celCompiler =
+        CelCompilerFactory.standardCelCompilerBuilder()
+            .addMessageTypes(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor())
+            .addVar("msg", StructTypeReference.create(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName()))
+            .setStandardMacros(CelStandardMacro.STANDARD_MACROS)
+            .build();
+    CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast =
+        celCompiler.compile("has(msg.single_any) ? msg.single_any : 10").getAst();
+
+    String formattedExpr = CelExprFormatter.format(ast.getExpr());
+
+    assertThat(formattedExpr)
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "CALL [5] {\n"
+                + "  function: _?_:_\n"
+                + "  args: {\n"
+                + "    SELECT [4] {\n"
+                + "      IDENT [2] {\n"
+                + "        name: msg\n"
+                + "      }.single_any~presence_test\n"
+                + "    }\n"
+                + "    SELECT [7] {\n"
+                + "      IDENT [6] {\n"
+                + "        name: msg\n"
+                + "      }.single_any\n"
+                + "    }\n"
+                + "    CONSTANT [8] { value: 10 }\n"
+                + "  }\n"
+                + "}");
+  }
 }
diff --git a/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/CelAstOptimizer.java b/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/CelAstOptimizer.java
index c7f166460..feac4ce91 100644
--- a/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/CelAstOptimizer.java
+++ b/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/CelAstOptimizer.java
@@ -26,6 +26,24 @@ public interface CelAstOptimizer {
   CelAbstractSyntaxTree optimize(CelNavigableAst navigableAst, Cel cel)
       throws CelOptimizationException;
 
+  /**
+   * Replaces a subtree in the given expression node. This operation is intended for AST
+   * optimization purposes.
+   *
+   * <p>This is a very dangerous operation. Callers should re-typecheck the mutated AST and
+   * additionally verify that the resulting AST is semantically valid.
+   *
+   * <p>All expression IDs will be renumbered in a stable manner to ensure there's no ID collision
+   * between the nodes. The renumbering occurs even if the subtree was not replaced.
+   *
+   * @param celExpr Original expression node to rewrite.
+   * @param newExpr New CelExpr to replace the subtree with.
+   * @param exprIdToReplace Expression id of the subtree that is getting replaced.
+   */
+  default CelExpr replaceSubtree(CelExpr celExpr, CelExpr newExpr, long exprIdToReplace) {
+    return MutableAst.replaceSubtree(celExpr, newExpr, exprIdToReplace);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Replaces a subtree in the given AST. This operation is intended for AST optimization purposes.
    *
diff --git a/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/MutableAst.java b/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/MutableAst.java
index 45cbb0ff6..1c3427169 100644
--- a/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/MutableAst.java
+++ b/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/MutableAst.java
@@ -66,6 +66,15 @@ static CelExpr clearExprIds(CelExpr celExpr) {
     return renumberExprIds((unused) -> 0, celExpr.toBuilder()).build();
   }
 
+  /** Mutates the given {@link CelExpr} by replacing a subtree at the given index. */
+  static CelExpr replaceSubtree(CelExpr expr, CelExpr newExpr, long exprIdToReplace) {
+    return replaceSubtree(
+            CelAbstractSyntaxTree.newParsedAst(expr, CelSource.newBuilder().build()),
+            CelAbstractSyntaxTree.newParsedAst(newExpr, CelSource.newBuilder().build()),
+            exprIdToReplace)
+        .getExpr();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Mutates the given AST by replacing a subtree at a given index.
    *
diff --git a/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizer.java b/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizer.java
index d2f1ae7e6..d7eda5b44 100644
--- a/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizer.java
+++ b/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizer.java
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public CelAbstractSyntaxTree optimize(CelNavigableAst navigableAst, Cel cel) {
     int bindIdentifierIndex = 0;
     int iterCount;
     for (iterCount = 0; iterCount < cseOptions.maxIterationLimit(); iterCount++) {
-      CelNavigableExpr cseCandidate = findCseCandidate(astToModify).orElse(null);
+      CelExpr cseCandidate = findCseCandidate(astToModify).map(CelNavigableExpr::expr).orElse(null);
       if (cseCandidate == null) {
         break;
       }
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public CelAbstractSyntaxTree optimize(CelNavigableAst navigableAst, Cel cel) {
 
       // Using the CSE candidate, fetch all semantically equivalent subexpressions ahead of time.
       ImmutableList<CelExpr> allCseCandidates =
-          getAllCseCandidatesStream(astToModify, cseCandidate.expr()).collect(toImmutableList());
+          getAllCseCandidatesStream(astToModify, cseCandidate).collect(toImmutableList());
 
       // Replace all CSE candidates with new bind identifier
       for (CelExpr semanticallyEqualNode : allCseCandidates) {
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public CelAbstractSyntaxTree optimize(CelNavigableAst navigableAst, Cel cel) {
       // Insert the new bind call
       astToModify =
           replaceSubtreeWithNewBindMacro(
-              astToModify, bindIdentifier, cseCandidate.expr(), lca.expr(), lca.id());
+              astToModify, bindIdentifier, cseCandidate, lca.expr(), lca.id());
 
       // Retain the existing macro calls in case if the bind identifiers are replacing a subtree
       // that contains a comprehension.
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ private Optional<CelNavigableExpr> findCseCandidate(CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast) {
             .collect(toImmutableList());
 
     for (CelNavigableExpr node : allNodes) {
-      // Strip out all IDs to test equivalence
-      CelExpr celExpr = clearExprIds(node.expr());
+      // Normalize the expr to test semantic equivalence.
+      CelExpr celExpr = normalizeForEquality(node.expr());
       if (encounteredNodes.contains(celExpr)) {
         return Optional.of(node);
       }
@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@ private static boolean canEliminate(CelNavigableExpr navigableExpr) {
     return !navigableExpr.getKind().equals(Kind.CONSTANT)
         && !navigableExpr.getKind().equals(Kind.IDENT)
         && !navigableExpr.expr().identOrDefault().name().startsWith(BIND_IDENTIFIER_PREFIX)
+        && !navigableExpr.expr().selectOrDefault().testOnly()
         && isAllowedFunction(navigableExpr)
         && isWithinInlineableComprehension(navigableExpr);
   }
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ private static boolean isWithinInlineableComprehension(CelNavigableExpr expr) {
   }
 
   private boolean areSemanticallyEqual(CelExpr expr1, CelExpr expr2) {
-    return clearExprIds(expr1).equals(clearExprIds(expr2));
+    return normalizeForEquality(expr1).equals(normalizeForEquality(expr2));
   }
 
   private static boolean isAllowedFunction(CelNavigableExpr navigableExpr) {
@@ -282,6 +283,47 @@ private static boolean isAllowedFunction(CelNavigableExpr navigableExpr) {
     return true;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Converts the {@link CelExpr} to make it suitable for performing semantically equals check in
+   * {@link #areSemanticallyEqual(CelExpr, CelExpr)}.
+   *
+   * <p>Specifically, this will:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>Set all expr IDs in the expression tree to 0.
+   *   <li>Strip all presence tests (i.e: testOnly is marked as false on {@link
+   *       CelExpr.ExprKind.Kind#SELECT}
+   * </ul>
+   */
+  private CelExpr normalizeForEquality(CelExpr celExpr) {
+    int iterCount;
+    for (iterCount = 0; iterCount < cseOptions.maxIterationLimit(); iterCount++) {
+      CelExpr presenceTestExpr =
+          CelNavigableExpr.fromExpr(celExpr)
+              .allNodes()
+              .map(CelNavigableExpr::expr)
+              .filter(expr -> expr.selectOrDefault().testOnly())
+              .findAny()
+              .orElse(null);
+      if (presenceTestExpr == null) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      CelExpr newExpr =
+          presenceTestExpr.toBuilder()
+              .setSelect(presenceTestExpr.select().toBuilder().setTestOnly(false).build())
+              .build();
+
+      celExpr = replaceSubtree(celExpr, newExpr, newExpr.id());
+    }
+
+    if (iterCount >= cseOptions.maxIterationLimit()) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Max iteration count reached.");
+    }
+
+    return clearExprIds(celExpr);
+  }
+
   /** Options to configure how Common Subexpression Elimination behave. */
   @AutoValue
   public abstract static class SubexpressionOptimizerOptions {
diff --git a/optimizer/src/test/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizerTest.java b/optimizer/src/test/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizerTest.java
index 79e04fc64..98e1ff75a 100644
--- a/optimizer/src/test/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizerTest.java
+++ b/optimizer/src/test/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizerTest.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import dev.cel.common.CelOptions;
 import dev.cel.common.ast.CelConstant;
 import dev.cel.common.ast.CelExpr;
+import dev.cel.common.types.OptionalType;
 import dev.cel.common.types.SimpleType;
 import dev.cel.common.types.StructTypeReference;
 import dev.cel.extensions.CelExtensions;
@@ -75,7 +76,8 @@ public class SubexpressionOptimizerTest {
                           .setSingleInt64(10L)
                           .putMapInt32Int64(0, 1)
                           .putMapInt32Int64(1, 5)
-                          .putMapInt32Int64(2, 2)))
+                          .putMapInt32Int64(2, 2)
+                          .putMapStringString("key", "A")))
           .build();
 
   private static CelBuilder newCelBuilder() {
@@ -92,6 +94,7 @@ private static CelBuilder newCelBuilder() {
                 "custom_func",
                 newGlobalOverload("custom_func_overload", SimpleType.INT, SimpleType.INT)))
         .addVar("x", SimpleType.DYN)
+        .addVar("opt_x", OptionalType.create(SimpleType.DYN))
         .addVar("msg", StructTypeReference.create(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName()));
   }
 
@@ -314,6 +317,13 @@ private enum CseTestCase {
         "[1,2,3].map(i, [1, 2, 3].map(i, i + 1)) == [[2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4]]",
         "cel.bind(@r0, [1, 2, 3], @r0.map(@c0, @r0.map(@c1, @c1 + 1))) == "
             + "cel.bind(@r1, [2, 3, 4], [@r1, @r1, @r1])"),
+    INCLUSION_LIST(
+        "1 in [1,2,3] && 2 in [1,2,3] && 3 in [3, [1,2,3]] && 1 in [1,2,3]",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, [1, 2, 3], cel.bind(@r1, 1 in @r0, @r1 && 2 in @r0 && 3 in [3, @r0] &&"
+            + " @r1))"),
+    INCLUSION_MAP(
+        "2 in {'a': 1, 2: {true: false}, 3: {true: false}}",
+        "2 in cel.bind(@r0, {true: false}, {\"a\": 1, 2: @r0, 3: @r0})"),
     MACRO_SHADOWED_VARIABLE(
         "[x - 1 > 3 ? x - 1 : 5].exists(x, x - 1 > 3) || x - 1 > 3",
         "cel.bind(@r0, x - 1, cel.bind(@r1, @r0 > 3, [@r1 ? @r0 : 5].exists(@c0, @c0 - 1 > 3) ||"
@@ -322,6 +332,86 @@ private enum CseTestCase {
         "size([\"foo\", \"bar\"].map(x, [x + x, x + x]).map(x, [x + x, x + x])) == 2",
         "size([\"foo\", \"bar\"].map(@c1, cel.bind(@r0, @c1 + @c1, [@r0, @r0]))"
             + ".map(@c0, cel.bind(@r1, @c0 + @c0, [@r1, @r1]))) == 2"),
+    PRESENCE_TEST(
+        "has({'a': true}.a) && {'a':true}['a']",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, {\"a\": true}, has(@r0.a) && @r0[\"a\"])"),
+    PRESENCE_TEST_WITH_TERNARY(
+        "(has(msg.oneof_type.payload) ? msg.oneof_type.payload.single_int64 : 0) == 10",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, msg.oneof_type, has(@r0.payload) ? @r0.payload.single_int64 : 0) == 10"),
+    PRESENCE_TEST_WITH_TERNARY_2(
+        "(has(msg.oneof_type.payload) ? msg.oneof_type.payload.single_int64 :"
+            + " msg.oneof_type.payload.single_int64 * 0) == 10",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, msg.oneof_type, cel.bind(@r1, @r0.payload.single_int64, has(@r0.payload) ?"
+            + " @r1 : (@r1 * 0))) == 10"),
+    PRESENCE_TEST_WITH_TERNARY_3(
+        "(has(msg.oneof_type.payload.single_int64) ? msg.oneof_type.payload.single_int64 :"
+            + " msg.oneof_type.payload.single_int64 * 0) == 10",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, msg.oneof_type.payload, cel.bind(@r1, @r0.single_int64,"
+            + " has(@r0.single_int64) ? @r1 : (@r1 * 0))) == 10"),
+    /**
+     * Input:
+     *
+     * <pre>{@code
+     * (
+     *   has(msg.oneof_type) &&
+     *   has(msg.oneof_type.payload) &&
+     *   has(msg.oneof_type.payload.single_int64)
+     * ) ?
+     *   (
+     *     (
+     *       has(msg.oneof_type.payload.map_string_string) &&
+     *       has(msg.oneof_type.payload.map_string_string.key)
+     *     ) ?
+     *       msg.oneof_type.payload.map_string_string.key == "A"
+     *     : false
+     *   )
+     * : false
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * Unparsed:
+     *
+     * <pre>{@code
+     * cel.bind(
+     *   @r0, msg.oneof_type,
+     *   cel.bind(
+     *     @r1, @r0.payload,
+     *     has(msg.oneof_type) && has(@r0.payload) && has(@r1.single_int64) ?
+     *       cel.bind(
+     *         @r2, @r1.map_string_string,
+     *         has(@r1.map_string_string) && has(@r2.key) ? @r2.key == "A" : false,
+     *       )
+     *     : false,
+     *   ),
+     * )
+     * }</pre>
+     */
+    PRESENCE_TEST_WITH_TERNARY_NESTED(
+        "(has(msg.oneof_type) && has(msg.oneof_type.payload) &&"
+            + " has(msg.oneof_type.payload.single_int64)) ?"
+            + " ((has(msg.oneof_type.payload.map_string_string) &&"
+            + " has(msg.oneof_type.payload.map_string_string.key)) ?"
+            + " msg.oneof_type.payload.map_string_string.key == 'A' : false) : false",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, msg.oneof_type, cel.bind(@r1, @r0.payload, (has(msg.oneof_type) &&"
+            + " has(@r0.payload) && has(@r1.single_int64)) ? cel.bind(@r2, @r1.map_string_string,"
+            + " (has(@r1.map_string_string) && has(@r2.key)) ? (@r2.key == \"A\") : false) :"
+            + " false))"),
+    OPTIONAL_LIST(
+        "[10, ?optional.none(), [?optional.none(), ?opt_x], [?optional.none(), ?opt_x]] == [10,"
+            + " [5], [5]]",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, [?optional.none(), ?opt_x], [10, ?optional.none(), @r0, @r0]) =="
+            + " cel.bind(@r1, [5], [10, @r1, @r1])"),
+    OPTIONAL_MAP(
+        "{?'hello': optional.of('hello')}['hello'] + {?'hello': optional.of('hello')}['hello'] =="
+            + " 'hellohello'",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, {?\"hello\": optional.of(\"hello\")}[\"hello\"], @r0 + @r0) =="
+            + " \"hellohello\""),
+    OPTIONAL_MESSAGE(
+        "TestAllTypes{?single_int64: optional.ofNonZeroValue(1), ?single_int32:"
+            + " optional.of(4)}.single_int32 + TestAllTypes{?single_int64:"
+            + " optional.ofNonZeroValue(1), ?single_int32: optional.of(4)}.single_int64 == 5",
+        "cel.bind(@r0, TestAllTypes{"
+            + "?single_int64: optional.ofNonZeroValue(1), ?single_int32: optional.of(4)}, "
+            + "@r0.single_int32 + @r0.single_int64) == 5"),
     ;
 
     private final String source;
@@ -342,7 +432,9 @@ public void cse_withMacroMapPopulated_success(@TestParameter CseTestCase testCas
 
     assertThat(
             CEL.createProgram(optimizedAst)
-                .eval(ImmutableMap.of("msg", TEST_ALL_TYPES_INPUT, "x", 5L)))
+                .eval(
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "msg", TEST_ALL_TYPES_INPUT, "x", 5L, "opt_x", Optional.of(5L))))
         .isEqualTo(true);
     assertThat(CEL_UNPARSER.unparse(optimizedAst)).isEqualTo(testCase.unparsed);
   }
@@ -366,7 +458,9 @@ public void cse_withoutMacroMap_success(@TestParameter CseTestCase testCase) thr
     assertThat(
             celWithoutMacroMap
                 .createProgram(optimizedAst)
-                .eval(ImmutableMap.of("msg", TEST_ALL_TYPES_INPUT, "x", 5L)))
+                .eval(
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "msg", TEST_ALL_TYPES_INPUT, "x", 5L, "opt_x", Optional.of(5L))))
         .isEqualTo(true);
   }
 
@@ -384,7 +478,8 @@ public void cse_withoutMacroMap_success(@TestParameter CseTestCase testCase) thr
   @TestParameters("{source: 'custom_func(1) + custom_func(1)'}")
   // Duplicated but nested calls.
   @TestParameters("{source: 'int(timestamp(int(timestamp(1000000000))))'}")
-  // Ternary with presence test is not supported yet.
+  // This cannot be optimized. Extracting the common subexpression would presence test
+  // the bound identifier (e.g: has(@r0)), which is not valid.
   @TestParameters("{source: 'has(msg.single_any) ? msg.single_any : 10'}")
   public void cse_noop(String source) throws Exception {
     CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast = CEL.compile(source).getAst();