diff --git a/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizer.java b/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizer.java
index a8e431ab..b55f4614 100644
--- a/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizer.java
+++ b/optimizer/src/main/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizer.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.base.Verify;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
 import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
 import dev.cel.common.CelVarDecl;
 import dev.cel.common.ast.CelExpr;
+import dev.cel.common.ast.CelExpr.CelCall;
 import dev.cel.common.ast.CelExpr.CelIdent;
 import dev.cel.common.ast.CelExpr.ExprKind.Kind;
 import dev.cel.common.navigation.CelNavigableAst;
@@ -125,9 +127,14 @@ public static SubexpressionOptimizer newInstance(SubexpressionOptimizerOptions c
 
   @Override
   public CelAbstractSyntaxTree optimize(CelNavigableAst navigableAst, CelBuilder celBuilder) {
-    return cseOptions.enableCelBlock()
-        ? optimizeUsingCelBlock(navigableAst, celBuilder)
-        : optimizeUsingCelBind(navigableAst);
+    CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast =
+        cseOptions.enableCelBlock()
+            ? optimizeUsingCelBlock(navigableAst, celBuilder)
+            : optimizeUsingCelBind(navigableAst);
+
+    verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness(ast);
+
+    return ast;
   }
 
   private CelAbstractSyntaxTree optimizeUsingCelBlock(
@@ -239,6 +246,73 @@ private CelAbstractSyntaxTree optimizeUsingCelBlock(
     return tagAstExtension(astToModify);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the optimized AST has no correctness issues.
+   *
+   * @throws com.google.common.base.VerifyException if the optimized AST is malformed.
+   */
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  static void verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness(CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast) {
+    CelNavigableAst celNavigableAst = CelNavigableAst.fromAst(ast);
+
+    ImmutableList<CelExpr> allCelBlocks =
+        celNavigableAst
+            .getRoot()
+            .allNodes()
+            .map(CelNavigableExpr::expr)
+            .filter(expr -> expr.callOrDefault().function().equals(CEL_BLOCK_FUNCTION))
+            .collect(toImmutableList());
+    if (allCelBlocks.isEmpty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    CelExpr celBlockExpr = allCelBlocks.get(0);
+    Verify.verify(
+        allCelBlocks.size() == 1,
+        "Expected 1 cel.block function to be present but found %s",
+        allCelBlocks.size());
+    Verify.verify(
+        celNavigableAst.getRoot().expr().equals(celBlockExpr),
+        "Expected cel.block to be present at root");
+
+    // Assert correctness on block indices used in subexpressions
+    CelCall celBlockCall = celBlockExpr.call();
+    ImmutableList<CelExpr> subexprs = celBlockCall.args().get(0).createList().elements();
+    for (int i = 0; i < subexprs.size(); i++) {
+      verifyBlockIndex(subexprs.get(i), i);
+    }
+
+    // Assert correctness on block indices used in block result
+    CelExpr blockResult = celBlockCall.args().get(1);
+    verifyBlockIndex(blockResult, subexprs.size());
+    boolean resultHasAtLeastOneBlockIndex =
+        CelNavigableExpr.fromExpr(blockResult)
+            .allNodes()
+            .map(CelNavigableExpr::expr)
+            .anyMatch(expr -> expr.identOrDefault().name().startsWith(BLOCK_INDEX_PREFIX));
+    Verify.verify(
+        resultHasAtLeastOneBlockIndex,
+        "Expected at least one reference of index in cel.block result");
+  }
+
+  private static void verifyBlockIndex(CelExpr celExpr, int maxIndexValue) {
+    boolean areAllIndicesValid =
+        CelNavigableExpr.fromExpr(celExpr)
+            .allNodes()
+            .map(CelNavigableExpr::expr)
+            .filter(expr -> expr.identOrDefault().name().startsWith(BLOCK_INDEX_PREFIX))
+            .map(CelExpr::ident)
+            .allMatch(
+                blockIdent ->
+                    Integer.parseInt(blockIdent.name().substring(BLOCK_INDEX_PREFIX.length()))
+                        < maxIndexValue);
+    Verify.verify(
+        areAllIndicesValid,
+        "Illegal block index found. The index value must be less than %s. Expr: %s",
+        maxIndexValue,
+        celExpr);
+  }
+
   private static CelAbstractSyntaxTree tagAstExtension(CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast) {
     // Tag the extension
     CelSource.Builder celSourceBuilder =
diff --git a/optimizer/src/test/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizerTest.java b/optimizer/src/test/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizerTest.java
index 3668d776..a67bb525 100644
--- a/optimizer/src/test/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizerTest.java
+++ b/optimizer/src/test/java/dev/cel/optimizer/optimizers/SubexpressionOptimizerTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import static dev.cel.common.CelOverloadDecl.newGlobalOverload;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 
+import com.google.common.base.VerifyException;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.testing.junit.testparameterinjector.TestParameter;
@@ -481,6 +482,73 @@ public void blockIndex_invalidArgument_throws() {
     assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().contains("undeclared reference");
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness_twoCelBlocks_throws() throws Exception {
+    CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast =
+        compileUsingInternalFunctions("cel.block([1, 2], cel.block([2], 3))");
+
+    VerifyException e =
+        assertThrows(
+            VerifyException.class, () -> SubexpressionOptimizer.verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness(ast));
+    assertThat(e)
+        .hasMessageThat()
+        .isEqualTo("Expected 1 cel.block function to be present but found 2");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness_celBlockNotAtRoot_throws() throws Exception {
+    CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast = compileUsingInternalFunctions("1 + cel.block([1, 2], index0)");
+
+    VerifyException e =
+        assertThrows(
+            VerifyException.class, () -> SubexpressionOptimizer.verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness(ast));
+    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("Expected cel.block to be present at root");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness_blockContainsNoIndexResult_throws() throws Exception {
+    CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast = compileUsingInternalFunctions("cel.block([1, index0], 2)");
+
+    VerifyException e =
+        assertThrows(
+            VerifyException.class, () -> SubexpressionOptimizer.verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness(ast));
+    assertThat(e)
+        .hasMessageThat()
+        .isEqualTo("Expected at least one reference of index in cel.block result");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @TestParameters("{source: 'cel.block([], index0)'}")
+  @TestParameters("{source: 'cel.block([1, 2], index2)'}")
+  public void verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness_indexOutOfBounds_throws(String source)
+      throws Exception {
+    CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast = compileUsingInternalFunctions(source);
+
+    VerifyException e =
+        assertThrows(
+            VerifyException.class, () -> SubexpressionOptimizer.verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness(ast));
+    assertThat(e)
+        .hasMessageThat()
+        .contains("Illegal block index found. The index value must be less than");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @TestParameters("{source: 'cel.block([index0], index0)'}")
+  @TestParameters("{source: 'cel.block([1, index1, 2], index2)'}")
+  @TestParameters("{source: 'cel.block([1, 2, index2], index2)'}")
+  @TestParameters("{source: 'cel.block([index2, 1, 2], index2)'}")
+  public void verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness_indexIsNotForwardReferencing_throws(String source)
+      throws Exception {
+    CelAbstractSyntaxTree ast = compileUsingInternalFunctions(source);
+
+    VerifyException e =
+        assertThrows(
+            VerifyException.class, () -> SubexpressionOptimizer.verifyOptimizedAstCorrectness(ast));
+    assertThat(e)
+        .hasMessageThat()
+        .contains("Illegal block index found. The index value must be less than");
+  }
+
   /**
    * Converts AST containing cel.block related test functions to internal functions (e.g: cel.block
    * -> cel.@block)