diff --git a/docs/arc-dind.md b/docs/arc-dind.md
index b95414e76..39d63d2cf 100644
--- a/docs/arc-dind.md
+++ b/docs/arc-dind.md
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ For fine-grained control (or when not using `runner.topology`):
 ## Field behavior
 
 - `chroot.identity.*`: applied inside entrypoint **after** `chroot /host` to override HOME/USER/LOGNAME and identity mapping hints.
-- `chroot.binariesSourcePath`: mounts a runner-side binaries directory over `/usr/local/bin` inside chroot mode so runner-installed CLIs are visible even when `/usr` comes from the DinD daemon filesystem.
+- `chroot.binariesSourcePath`: mounts a runner-side binaries directory at `/host/tmp/awf-runner-bin` (inside chroot: `/tmp/awf-runner-bin`) and prepends it to `PATH`, so runner-installed CLIs are visible even when `/usr` comes from the DinD daemon filesystem.
 - `dind.preStageDirs`: runs a short-lived staging container in DinD mode to create required workdir tree with open permissions.
 - `dind.stageEngineBinary`: copies an engine binary from the runner path into daemon-visible filesystem before compose startup.
 - `dind.stagingImage`: image used for short-lived staging containers.
diff --git a/docs/awf-config-spec.md b/docs/awf-config-spec.md
index 6bad4f972..d430d7f27 100644
--- a/docs/awf-config-spec.md
+++ b/docs/awf-config-spec.md
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ AWF settings MAY be supplied via config files, including stdin (`--config -`).
 - `container.runnerToolCachePath` → *(config-only; checked first for optional read-only runner tool cache mount, before `RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE` and `/home/runner/work/_tool` auto-detection)*
 - `container.mounts[]` → `-v, --mount` *(repeatable; each array entry maps to one Docker volume mount in `/host_path:/container_path[:ro|rw]` format (both paths must be absolute; host path must exist); in chroot mode, container paths are automatically prefixed with `/host`)*
 - `container.containerRuntime` → `--container-runtime` *(user-facing runtime name: `"gvisor"` for OCI runtime in compose, `"sbx"` for Docker sbx microVM. For gvisor: translates to `"runsc"`, injects `extra_hosts` for DNS workaround. For sbx: agent runs in a hypervisor-isolated microVM, infra stays in compose, sbx proxy chains through AWF's Squid.)*
-- `chroot.binariesSourcePath` → *(config-only; overlays a runner-side binaries directory at `/usr/local/bin` inside chroot mode)*
+- `chroot.binariesSourcePath` → *(config-only; mounts a runner-side binaries directory at `/tmp/awf-runner-bin` inside chroot mode and prepends it to `PATH`)*
 - `chroot.identity.home` → *(config-only; forwarded as `AWF_CHROOT_IDENTITY_HOME` and applied after chroot pivot)*
 - `chroot.identity.user` → *(config-only; forwarded as `AWF_CHROOT_IDENTITY_USER` and applied to `USER`/`LOGNAME` after chroot pivot)*
 - `chroot.identity.uid` → *(config-only; forwarded as `AWF_CHROOT_IDENTITY_UID` for chroot user mapping)*
diff --git a/docs/awf-config.schema.json b/docs/awf-config.schema.json
index bf0f6dbee..3c4eb2d38 100644
--- a/docs/awf-config.schema.json
+++ b/docs/awf-config.schema.json
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "binariesSourcePath": {
           "type": "string",
-          "description": "Optional runner-side directory to overlay at /usr/local/bin inside chroot mode (for split-filesystem ARC/DinD runners)."
+          "description": "Optional runner-side directory mounted at /tmp/awf-runner-bin inside chroot mode and prepended to PATH (for split-filesystem ARC/DinD runners)."
         },
         "identity": {
           "type": "object",
diff --git a/docs/chroot-mode.md b/docs/chroot-mode.md
index 6141c9e69..9083eb986 100644
--- a/docs/chroot-mode.md
+++ b/docs/chroot-mode.md
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ When `chroot.binariesSourcePath` is set in stdin config, AWF also mounts:
 
 | Host Path | Container Path | Purpose |
 |-----------|----------------|---------|
-| `chroot.binariesSourcePath` | `/host/usr/local/bin:ro` | Overlay runner-installed binaries in chroot PATH |
+| `chroot.binariesSourcePath` | `/host/tmp/awf-runner-bin:ro` | Overlay runner-installed binaries in chroot PATH (prepended as `/tmp/awf-runner-bin`) |
 
 **Note:** As of v0.13.13, `/proc` is no longer bind-mounted. Instead, a fresh container-scoped procfs is mounted at `/host/proc` during entrypoint initialization. This provides dynamic `/proc/self/exe` resolution required by Java and .NET runtimes.
 
diff --git a/docs/troubleshooting.md b/docs/troubleshooting.md
index 9779b1469..063ec8931 100644
--- a/docs/troubleshooting.md
+++ b/docs/troubleshooting.md
@@ -301,6 +301,58 @@ AWF uses a forward proxy (Squid) for HTTPS egress control rather than transparen
 - **Java tools**: Use `JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS` with JVM system properties (set automatically by AWF)
 - **Maven**: Requires `~/.m2/settings.xml` (must be configured manually — see above)
 
+## Harness Binary Resolution Issues
+
+### `spawn /usr/local/bin/<tool> ENOENT` (hardcoded absolute paths)
+
+**Problem:** An agentic harness (e.g. the gh-aw Copilot engine) fails with an error like:
+
+```
+spawn /usr/local/bin/copilot ENOENT
+```
+
+even though the tool is installed and resolvable via `PATH` on the runner.
+
+**Cause:** Some harnesses hardcode an absolute path to the tool binary (e.g.
+`/usr/local/bin/copilot`) instead of doing a `PATH` lookup, and their
+installer/cache-hit logic can skip creating that file (e.g. a tool-cache hit
+short-circuits before the `/usr/local/bin` wrapper is installed). This is a
+bug in the harness/installer, not in AWF — but it interacts with how AWF's
+agent container mounts the host filesystem:
+
+- AWF's agent container mounts host `/usr` (and therefore `/usr/local`)
+  **read-only** at `/host/usr` (chroot mode) so it can't be written to from
+  *inside* the container.
+- The bind mount is a live view of host `/usr/local/bin`: changes made on the
+  **host** (including host-side `pre-agent-steps`) are visible in the sandbox.
+- Commands that run *inside* the AWF sandbox still cannot create this symlink,
+  because `/usr` is mounted read-only there.
+
+**Workarounds:**
+
+1. **Host-side symlink before invoking `awf`** — if you control the step
+   immediately before AWF starts the sandbox, create the missing binary on
+   the *host* filesystem so it is present when AWF takes its `/usr` bind
+   mount:
+   ```bash
+   sudo ln -sf "$(command -v copilot)" /usr/local/bin/copilot
+   sudo awf --allow-domains ... -- <command>
+   ```
+   Doing this from *inside* the sandboxed command will not work, since
+   `/usr/local` is read-only once the container is running.
+2. **`chroot.binariesSourcePath`** — point this config option at a host
+   directory containing the tool binary (or a symlink to it). AWF mounts it
+   read-only at `/host/tmp/awf-runner-bin` and `entrypoint.sh` prepends it to
+   the chrooted `PATH`. This fixes `PATH`-based lookups, but does **not**
+   help harnesses that spawn a hardcoded absolute path (like
+   `/usr/local/bin/copilot`) rather than resolving the binary via `PATH`. See
+   [docs/awf-config-spec.md](awf-config-spec.md) §`chroot.binariesSourcePath`.
+3. **Fix upstream** — the durable fix is in the harness/installer itself
+   (e.g. gh-aw's `install_copilot_cli.sh` / `pkg/constants/constants.go`), so
+   that it always resolves the binary via `PATH` or always populates the
+   hardcoded path, even on a tool-cache hit. Track/coordinate with the
+   upstream project for the permanent fix.
+
 ## Log Analysis
 
 ### Finding Blocked Domains
diff --git a/src/awf-config-schema.json b/src/awf-config-schema.json
index bf0f6dbee..3c4eb2d38 100644
--- a/src/awf-config-schema.json
+++ b/src/awf-config-schema.json
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "binariesSourcePath": {
           "type": "string",
-          "description": "Optional runner-side directory to overlay at /usr/local/bin inside chroot mode (for split-filesystem ARC/DinD runners)."
+          "description": "Optional runner-side directory mounted at /tmp/awf-runner-bin inside chroot mode and prepended to PATH (for split-filesystem ARC/DinD runners)."
         },
         "identity": {
           "type": "object",