Top Level

# Math - AS3

Package | Top Level
Class | public final class Math
Inheritance | Math Object

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

The Math class contains methods and constants that represent common mathematical functions and values.

Use the methods and properties of this class to access and manipulate mathematical constants and functions. All the properties and methods of the Math class are static and must be called using the syntax `Math.method(` `parameter` `)` or `Math.constant`. In ActionScript, constants are defined with the maximum precision of double-precision IEEE-754 floating-point numbers.

Several Math class methods use the measure of an angle in radians as a parameter. You can use the following equation to calculate radian values before calling the method and then provide the calculated value as the parameter, or you can provide the entire right side of the equation (with the angle's measure in degrees in place of `degrees`) as the radian parameter.

To calculate a radian value, use the following formula:

     radians = degrees * Math.PI/180

To calculate degrees from radians, use the following formula:

     degrees = radians * 180/Math.PI

The following is an example of passing the equation as a parameter to calculate the sine of a 45° angle:

`Math.sin(45 * Math.PI/180)` is the same as `Math.sin(.7854)`

Note: The Math functions acos, asin, atan, atan2, cos, exp, log, pow, sin, and sqrt may result in slightly different values depending on the algorithms used by the CPU or operating system. Flash runtimes call on the CPU (or operating system if the CPU doesn't support floating point calculations) when performing the calculations for the listed functions, and results have shown slight variations depending upon the CPU or operating system in use.

More examples

Using the Math class with drawing methods

Public Properties
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| Property | Defined By
--- | --- | ---
|  | constructor : Object A reference to the class object or constructor function for a given object instance. | Object

Public Methods
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| Method | Defined By
--- | --- | ---
|  | abs(val:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns an absolute value for the number specified by the parameter val. | Math
|  | acos(val:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns the arc cosine of the number specified in the parameter val, in radians. | Math
|  | asin(val:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns the arc sine for the number specified in the parameter val, in radians. | Math
|  | atan(val:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns the value, in radians, of the angle whose tangent is specified in the parameter val. | Math
|  | atan2(y:Number, x:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns the angle of the point y/x in radians, when measured counterclockwise from a circle's x axis (where 0,0 represents the center of the circle). | Math
|  | ceil(val:Number):Number [static] Returns the ceiling of the specified number or expression. | Math
|  | cos(angleRadians:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns the cosine of the specified angle in radians. | Math
|  | exp(val:Number):Number [static] Returns the value of the base of the natural logarithm (e), to the power of the exponent specified in the parameter x. | Math
|  | floor(val:Number):Number [static] Returns the floor of the number or expression specified in the parameter val. | Math
|  | hasOwnProperty(name:String):Boolean Indicates whether an object has a specified property defined. | Object
|  | isPrototypeOf(theClass:Object):Boolean Indicates whether an instance of the Object class is in the prototype chain of the object specified as the parameter. | Object
|  | log(val:Number):Number [static] Returns the natural logarithm of the parameter val. | Math
|  | max(val1:Number, val2:Number, ... rest):Number [static] Evaluates val1 and val2 (or more values) and returns the largest value. | Math
|  | min(val1:Number, val2:Number, ... rest):Number [static] Evaluates val1 and val2 (or more values) and returns the smallest value. | Math
|  | pow(base:Number, pow:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns base to the power of pow. | Math
|  | propertyIsEnumerable(name:String):Boolean Indicates whether the specified property exists and is enumerable. | Object
|  | random():Number [static] Returns a pseudo-random number n, where 0 <= n < 1. | Math
|  | round(val:Number):Number [static] Rounds the value of the parameter val up or down to the nearest integer and returns the value. | Math
|  | setPropertyIsEnumerable(name:String, isEnum:Boolean = true):void Sets the availability of a dynamic property for loop operations. | Object
|  | sin(angleRadians:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns the sine of the specified angle in radians. | Math
|  | sqrt(val:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns the square root of the specified number. | Math
|  | tan(angleRadians:Number):Number [static] Computes and returns the tangent of the specified angle. | Math
|  | toLocaleString():String Returns the string representation of this object, formatted according to locale-specific conventions. | Object
|  | toString():String Returns the string representation of the specified object. | Object
|  | valueOf():Object Returns the primitive value of the specified object. | Object

Public Constants

| Constant | Defined By
--- | --- | ---
|  | E : Number = 2.71828182845905 [static] A mathematical constant for the base of natural logarithms, expressed as e. | Math
|  | LN10 : Number = 2.302585092994046 [static] A mathematical constant for the natural logarithm of 10, expressed as loge10, with an approximate value of 2.302585092994046. | Math
|  | LN2 : Number = 0.6931471805599453 [static] A mathematical constant for the natural logarithm of 2, expressed as loge2, with an approximate value of 0.6931471805599453. | Math
|  | LOG10E : Number = 0.4342944819032518 [static] A mathematical constant for the base-10 logarithm of the constant e (Math.E), expressed as log10e, with an approximate value of 0.4342944819032518. | Math
|  | LOG2E : Number = 1.442695040888963387 [static] A mathematical constant for the base-2 logarithm of the constant e, expressed as log2e, with an approximate value of 1.442695040888963387. | Math
|  | PI : Number = 3.141592653589793 [static] A mathematical constant for the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, expressed as pi, with a value of 3.141592653589793. | Math
|  | SQRT1_2 : Number = 0.7071067811865476 [static] A mathematical constant for the square root of one-half, with an approximate value of 0.7071067811865476. | Math
|  | SQRT2 : Number = 1.4142135623730951 [static] A mathematical constant for the square root of 2, with an approximate value of 1.4142135623730951. | Math

Method Detail

### abs

()
method

`public static function abs(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns an absolute value for the number specified by the parameter `val`.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — The number whose absolute value is returned.

Returns

| `Number` — The absolute value of the specified parameter.

### acos

()
method

`public static function acos(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns the arc cosine of the number specified in the parameter `val`, in radians.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — A number from -1.0 to 1.0.

Returns

| `Number` — The arc cosine of the parameter `val`.

### asin

()
method

`public static function asin(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns the arc sine for the number specified in the parameter `val`, in radians.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — A number from -1.0 to 1.0.

Returns

| `Number` — A number between negative pi divided by 2 and positive pi divided by 2.

### atan

()
method

`public static function atan(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns the value, in radians, of the angle whose tangent is specified in the parameter `val`. The return value is between negative pi divided by 2 and positive pi divided by 2.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — A number that represents the tangent of an angle.

Returns

| `Number` — A number between negative pi divided by 2 and positive pi divided by 2.

### atan2

()
method

`public static function atan2(y:Number, x:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns the angle of the point `y`/`x` in radians, when measured counterclockwise from a circle's x axis (where 0,0 represents the center of the circle). The return value is between positive pi and negative pi. Note that the first parameter to atan2 is always the y coordinate.

Parameters

| `y:Number` — The y coordinate of the point.
| `x:Number` — The x coordinate of the point.

Returns

| `Number` — A number.

Related API Elements

Math.acos()
Math.asin()
Math.atan()
Math.cos()
Math.sin()
Math.tan()

### ceil

()
method

`public static function ceil(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Returns the ceiling of the specified number or expression. The ceiling of a number is the closest integer that is greater than or equal to the number.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — A number or expression.

Returns

| `Number` — An integer that is both closest to, and greater than or equal to, the parameter `val`.

Related API Elements

Math.floor()
Math.round()

### cos

()
method

`public static function cos(angleRadians:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns the cosine of the specified angle in radians. To calculate a radian, see the overview of the Math class.

Parameters

| `angleRadians:Number` — A number that represents an angle measured in radians.

Returns

| `Number` — A number from -1.0 to 1.0.

Related API Elements

Math.acos()
Math.asin()
Math.atan()
Math.atan2()
Math.sin()
Math.tan()

### exp

()
method

`public static function exp(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Returns the value of the base of the natural logarithm (e), to the power of the exponent specified in the parameter `x`. The constant `Math.E` can provide the value of e.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — The exponent; a number or expression.

Returns

| `Number` — e to the power of the parameter `val`.

Related API Elements

Math.E

### floor

()
method

`public static function floor(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Returns the floor of the number or expression specified in the parameter `val`. The floor is the closest integer that is less than or equal to the specified number or expression.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — A number or expression.

Returns

| `Number` — The integer that is both closest to, and less than or equal to, the parameter `val`.

### log

()
method

`public static function log(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Returns the natural logarithm of the parameter `val`.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — A number or expression with a value greater than 0.

Returns

| `Number` — The natural logarithm of parameter `val`.

### max

()
method

`public static function max(val1:Number, val2:Number, ... rest):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Evaluates `val1` and `val2` (or more values) and returns the largest value.

Parameters

| `val1:Number` — A number or expression.
| `val2:Number` — A number or expression.
| `... rest` — A number or expression. `Math.max()` can accept multiple arguments.

Returns

| `Number` — The largest of the parameters `val1` and `val2` (or more values).

Related API Elements

Math.min()

### min

()
method

`public static function min(val1:Number, val2:Number, ... rest):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Evaluates `val1` and `val2` (or more values) and returns the smallest value.

Parameters

| `val1:Number` — A number or expression.
| `val2:Number` — A number or expression.
| `... rest` — A number or expression. `Math.min()` can accept multiple arguments.

Returns

| `Number` — The smallest of the parameters `val1` and `val2` (or more values).

Related API Elements

Math.max()

### pow

()
method

`public static function pow(base:Number, pow:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns `base` to the power of `pow`.

Parameters

| `base:Number` — A number to be raised by the power of the parameter `pow`.
| `pow:Number` — A number specifying the power that the parameter `base` is raised by.

Returns

| `Number` — The value of `base` raised to the power of `pow`.

### random

()
method

`public static function random():Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Returns a pseudo-random number n, where 0 <= n < 1. The number returned is calculated in an undisclosed manner, and is "pseudo-random" because the calculation inevitably contains some element of non-randomness.

Returns

| `Number` — A pseudo-random number.

Related API Elements

flash.crypto.generateRandomBytes()

### round

()
method

`public static function round(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Rounds the value of the parameter `val` up or down to the nearest integer and returns the value. If `val` is equidistant from its two nearest integers (that is, if the number ends in .5), the value is rounded up to the next higher integer.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — The number to round.

Returns

| `Number` — The parameter `val` rounded to the nearest whole number.

Related API Elements

Math.ceil()
Math.floor()

### sin

()
method

`public static function sin(angleRadians:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns the sine of the specified angle in radians. To calculate a radian, see the overview of the Math class.

Parameters

| `angleRadians:Number` — A number that represents an angle measured in radians.

Returns

| `Number` — A number; the sine of the specified angle (between -1.0 and 1.0).

Related API Elements

Math.acos()
Math.asin()
Math.atan()
Math.atan2()
Math.cos()
Math.tan()

### sqrt

()
method

`public static function sqrt(val:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns the square root of the specified number.

Parameters

| `val:Number` — A number or expression greater than or equal to 0.

Returns

| `Number` — If the parameter `val` is greater than or equal to zero, a number; otherwise `NaN` (not a number).

### tan

()
method

`public static function tan(angleRadians:Number):Number`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

Computes and returns the tangent of the specified angle. To calculate a radian, see the overview of the Math class.

Parameters

| `angleRadians:Number` — A number that represents an angle measured in radians.

Returns

| `Number` — The tangent of the parameter `angleRadians`.

Related API Elements

Math.acos()
Math.asin()
Math.atan()
Math.atan2()
Math.cos()
Math.sin()
Constant Detail

### E

Constant

`public static const E:Number = 2.71828182845905`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

A mathematical constant for the base of natural logarithms, expressed as e. The approximate value of e`` is 2.71828182845905.

### LN10

Constant

`public static const LN10:Number = 2.302585092994046`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

A mathematical constant for the natural logarithm of 10, expressed as loge10, with an approximate value of 2.302585092994046.

### LN2

Constant

`public static const LN2:Number = 0.6931471805599453`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

A mathematical constant for the natural logarithm of 2, expressed as loge2, with an approximate value of 0.6931471805599453.

### LOG10E

Constant

`public static const LOG10E:Number = 0.4342944819032518`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

A mathematical constant for the base-10 logarithm of the constant e (`Math.E`), expressed as log10e, with an approximate value of 0.4342944819032518.

The `Math.log()` method computes the natural logarithm of a number. Multiply the result of `Math.log()` by `Math.LOG10E` to obtain the base-10 logarithm.

### LOG2E

Constant

`public static const LOG2E:Number = 1.442695040888963387`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

A mathematical constant for the base-2 logarithm of the constant e, expressed as log2e, with an approximate value of 1.442695040888963387.

The `Math.log` method computes the natural logarithm of a number. Multiply the result of `Math.log()` by `Math.LOG2E` to obtain the base-2 logarithm.

### PI

Constant

`public static const PI:Number = 3.141592653589793`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

A mathematical constant for the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, expressed as pi, with a value of 3.141592653589793.

### SQRT1_2

Constant

`public static const SQRT1_2:Number = 0.7071067811865476`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

A mathematical constant for the square root of one-half, with an approximate value of 0.7071067811865476.

### SQRT2

Constant

`public static const SQRT2:Number = 1.4142135623730951`

Language Version: | ActionScript 3.0

Runtime Versions: | AIR 1.0, Flash Player 9, Flash Lite 4

A mathematical constant for the square root of 2, with an approximate value of 1.4142135623730951.

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Mon Apr 10 2017, 12:28 PM -07:00