diff --git a/include/fmt/color.h b/include/fmt/color.h
index 7fa5490e44dc..3d5490e87f40 100644
--- a/include/fmt/color.h
+++ b/include/fmt/color.h
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts,
     auto background = detail::make_background_color<Char>(ts.get_background());
     buf.append(background.begin(), background.end());
   }
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args, {});
   if (has_style) detail::reset_color<Char>(buf);
 }
 
diff --git a/include/fmt/core.h b/include/fmt/core.h
index 22768ff8c595..2545137c1d42 100644
--- a/include/fmt/core.h
+++ b/include/fmt/core.h
@@ -2734,7 +2734,7 @@ template <typename Char>
 void vformat_to(
     buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
     basic_format_args<FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(type_identity_t<Char>)> args,
-    detail::locale_ref loc = {});
+    locale_ref loc = {});
 
 FMT_API void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args);
 #ifndef _WIN32
@@ -2892,7 +2892,7 @@ template <typename OutputIt,
 auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, string_view fmt, format_args args) -> OutputIt {
   using detail::get_buffer;
   auto&& buf = get_buffer<char>(out);
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, string_view(fmt), args);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, string_view(fmt), args, {});
   return detail::get_iterator(buf);
 }
 
@@ -2929,7 +2929,7 @@ auto vformat_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, string_view fmt, format_args args)
   using buffer =
       detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, char, detail::fixed_buffer_traits>;
   auto buf = buffer(out, n);
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, {});
   return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
 }
 
@@ -2951,7 +2951,7 @@ FMT_INLINE auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, format_string<T...> fmt,
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE auto formatted_size(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> size_t {
   auto buf = detail::counting_buffer<>();
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, string_view(fmt), fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, string_view(fmt), fmt::make_format_args(args...), {});
   return buf.count();
 }
 
diff --git a/include/fmt/format.h b/include/fmt/format.h
index 0024cf7cea65..5398a23a82a9 100644
--- a/include/fmt/format.h
+++ b/include/fmt/format.h
@@ -2624,9 +2624,10 @@ auto to_string(const basic_memory_buffer<Char, SIZE>& buf)
 FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
 
 template <typename Char>
-void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args,
-                locale_ref loc) {
+void vformat_to(
+    buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+    basic_format_args<FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(type_identity_t<Char>)> args,
+    locale_ref loc) {
   // workaround for msvc bug regarding name-lookup in module
   // link names into function scope
   using detail::arg_formatter;
@@ -2706,10 +2707,6 @@ void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
 }
 
 #ifndef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
-extern template void vformat_to(detail::buffer<char>&, string_view,
-                                basic_format_args<format_context>,
-                                detail::locale_ref);
-
 extern template FMT_API auto thousands_sep_impl<char>(locale_ref)
     -> thousands_sep_result<char>;
 extern template FMT_API auto thousands_sep_impl<wchar_t>(locale_ref)
diff --git a/include/fmt/xchar.h b/include/fmt/xchar.h
index 74c690458fde..a0dd032f1666 100644
--- a/include/fmt/xchar.h
+++ b/include/fmt/xchar.h
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ FMT_DEPRECATED auto format_to(basic_memory_buffer<Char, SIZE, Allocator>& buf,
                               const S& format_str, Args&&... args) ->
     typename buffer_context<Char>::iterator {
   const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), vargs, {});
   return detail::buffer_appender<Char>(buf);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/format.cc b/src/format.cc
index 187dcb739043..66925b421052 100644
--- a/src/format.cc
+++ b/src/format.cc
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ template FMT_API char detail::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref);
 
 template FMT_API void detail::buffer<char>::append(const char*, const char*);
 
+// DEPRECATED!
+// There is no correspondent extern template in format.h because of
+// incompatibility between clang and gcc (#2377).
 template FMT_API void detail::vformat_to(
     detail::buffer<char>&, string_view,
     basic_format_args<FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(char)>, detail::locale_ref);