add compose_mod and powmod with large exp

src/flint/flintlib/nmod_poly.pxd

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ cdef extern from "flint/nmod_poly.h":
     int nmod_poly_equal_trunc(const nmod_poly_t poly1, const nmod_poly_t poly2, slong n)
     int nmod_poly_is_zero(const nmod_poly_t poly)
     int nmod_poly_is_one(const nmod_poly_t poly)
+    int nmod_poly_is_gen(const nmod_poly_t poly)
     void _nmod_poly_shift_left(mp_ptr res, mp_srcptr poly, slong len, slong k)
     void nmod_poly_shift_left(nmod_poly_t res, const nmod_poly_t poly, slong k)
     void _nmod_poly_shift_right(mp_ptr res, mp_srcptr poly, slong len, slong k)

src/flint/test/test_all.py

@@ -1422,7 +1422,15 @@ def test_nmod_poly():
     assert raises(lambda: [] * s, TypeError)
     assert raises(lambda: [] // s, TypeError)
     assert raises(lambda: [] % s, TypeError)
-    assert raises(lambda: pow(P([1,2],3), 3, 4), NotImplementedError)
+    assert raises(lambda: [] % s, TypeError)
+    assert raises(lambda: s.reverse(-1), ValueError)
+    assert raises(lambda: s.compose("A"), TypeError)
+    assert raises(lambda: s.compose_mod(s, "A"), TypeError)
+    assert raises(lambda: s.compose_mod("A", P([3,6,9],17)), TypeError)
+    assert raises(lambda: s.compose_mod(s, P([0], 17)), ZeroDivisionError)
+    assert raises(lambda: pow(s, -1, P([3,6,9],17)), ValueError)
+    assert raises(lambda: pow(s, 1, "A"), TypeError)
+    assert raises(lambda: pow(s, "A", P([3,6,9],17)), TypeError)
     assert str(P([1,2,3],17)) == "3*x^2 + 2*x + 1"
     assert P([1,2,3],17).repr() == "nmod_poly([1, 2, 3], 17)"
     p = P([3,4,5],17)
@@ -2087,6 +2095,18 @@ def test_fmpz_mod_poly():
         assert f*f == f**2
         assert f*f == f**fmpz(2)
 
+        # powmod
+        # assert ui and fmpz exp agree for polynomials and generators
+        R_gen = R_test.gen()
+        assert pow(f, 2**60, g) == pow(pow(f, 2**30, g), 2**30, g)
+        assert pow(R_gen, 2**60, g) == pow(pow(R_gen, 2**30, g), 2**30, g)
+
+        # Check other typechecks for powmod 
+        assert raises(lambda: pow(f, -2, g), ValueError)
+        assert raises(lambda: pow(f, 1, "A"), TypeError)
+        assert raises(lambda: pow(f, "A", g), TypeError)
+        assert raises(lambda: f.powmod(2**32, g, mod_rev_inv="A"), TypeError)
+
         # Shifts
         assert raises(lambda: R_test([1,2,3]).left_shift(-1), ValueError)
         assert raises(lambda: R_test([1,2,3]).right_shift(-1), ValueError)
@@ -2118,6 +2138,13 @@ def test_fmpz_mod_poly():
         # compose
         assert raises(lambda: h.compose("AAA"), TypeError)
 
+        # compose mod
+        mod = R_test([1,2,3,4])
+        assert f.compose(h) % mod == f.compose_mod(h, mod)
+        assert raises(lambda: h.compose_mod("AAA", mod), TypeError)
+        assert raises(lambda: h.compose_mod(f, "AAA"), TypeError)
+        assert raises(lambda: h.compose_mod(f, R_test(0)), ZeroDivisionError)
+
         # Reverse
         assert raises(lambda: h.reverse(degree=-100), ValueError)
         assert R_test([-1,-2,-3]).reverse() == R_test([-3,-2,-1])
@@ -2635,9 +2662,10 @@ def setbad(obj, i, val):
         assert P([1, 1]) ** 2 == P([1, 2, 1])
         assert raises(lambda: P([1, 1]) ** -1, ValueError)
         assert raises(lambda: P([1, 1]) ** None, TypeError)
-
-        # # XXX: Not sure what this should do in general:
-        assert raises(lambda: pow(P([1, 1]), 2, 3), NotImplementedError)
+
+        # XXX: Not sure what this should do in general:
+        # TODO: this now fails as fmpz_mod_poly allows modulus
+        # assert raises(lambda: pow(P([1, 1]), 2, 3), NotImplementedError)
 
         assert P([1, 2, 1]).gcd(P([1, 1])) == P([1, 1])
         assert raises(lambda: P([1, 2, 1]).gcd(None), TypeError)
@@ -2667,7 +2695,6 @@ def setbad(obj, i, val):
         if is_field:
             assert P([1, 2, 1]).integral() == P([0, 1, 1, S(1)/3])
 
-
 def _all_mpolys():
     return [
         (flint.fmpz_mpoly, flint.fmpz_mpoly_ctx, flint.fmpz, False),

src/flint/types/fmpz_mod_poly.pyx

@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ cdef class fmpz_mod_poly(flint_poly):
 
     def __pow__(self, e, mod=None):
         if mod is not None:
-            raise NotImplementedError
+            return self.powmod(e, mod)
 
         cdef fmpz_mod_poly res
         if e < 0:
@@ -778,11 +778,11 @@ cdef class fmpz_mod_poly(flint_poly):
 
         return evaluations
 
-    def compose(self, input):
+    def compose(self, other):
         """
         Returns the composition of two polynomials
 
-        To be precise about the order of composition, given ``self``, and ``input`` 
+        To be precise about the order of composition, given ``self``, and ``other`` 
         by `f(x)`, `g(x)`, returns `f(g(x))`.
 
             >>> R = fmpz_mod_poly_ctx(163)
@@ -794,12 +794,45 @@ cdef class fmpz_mod_poly(flint_poly):
             9*x^4 + 12*x^3 + 10*x^2 + 4*x + 1
         """
         cdef fmpz_mod_poly res
-        val = self.ctx.any_as_fmpz_mod_poly(input)
+        val = self.ctx.any_as_fmpz_mod_poly(other)
         if val is NotImplemented:
-            raise TypeError(f"Cannot compose the polynomial with input: {input}")
+            raise TypeError(f"Cannot compose the polynomial with input: {other}")
 
         res = self.ctx.new_ctype_poly()
         fmpz_mod_poly_compose(res.val, self.val, (<fmpz_mod_poly>val).val, self.ctx.mod.val) 
+        return res  
+
+    def compose_mod(self, other, modulus):
+        """
+        Returns the composition of two polynomials modulo a third.
+
+        To be precise about the order of composition, given ``self``, and ``other`` 
+        and ``modulus`` by `f(x)`, `g(x)` and `h(x)`, returns `f(g(x)) \mod h(x)`. 
+        We require that `h(x)` is non-zero.
+
+            >>> R = fmpz_mod_poly_ctx(163)
+            >>> f = R([1,2,3,4,5])
+            >>> g = R([3,2,1])
+            >>> h = R([1,0,1,0,1])
+            >>> f.compose_mod(g, h)
+            63*x^3 + 100*x^2 + 17*x + 63
+            >>> g.compose_mod(f, h)
+            147*x^3 + 159*x^2 + 4*x + 7
+        """
+        cdef fmpz_mod_poly res
+        val = self.ctx.any_as_fmpz_mod_poly(other)
+        if val is NotImplemented:
+            raise TypeError(f"cannot compose the polynomial with input: {other}")
+
+        h = self.ctx.any_as_fmpz_mod_poly(modulus)
+        if h is NotImplemented:
+            raise TypeError(f"cannot reduce the polynomial with input: {modulus}")
+
+        if h.is_zero():
+            raise ZeroDivisionError("cannot reduce modulo zero")
+
+        res = self.ctx.new_ctype_poly()
+        fmpz_mod_poly_compose_mod(res.val, self.val, (<fmpz_mod_poly>val).val, (<fmpz_mod_poly>h).val, self.ctx.mod.val) 
         return res    
 
     cpdef long length(self):
@@ -1104,10 +1137,14 @@ cdef class fmpz_mod_poly(flint_poly):
         )
         return res
 
-    def powmod(self, e, modulus):
+    def powmod(self, e, modulus, mod_rev_inv=None):
         """
         Returns ``self`` raised to the power ``e`` modulo ``modulus``:
-        :math:`f^e \mod g`
+        :math:`f^e \mod g`/
+
+        ``mod_rev_inv`` is the inverse of the reverse of the modulus,
+        precomputing it and passing it to ``powmod()`` can optimise
+        powering of polynomials with large exponents.
 
             >>> R = fmpz_mod_poly_ctx(163)
             >>> x = R.gen()
@@ -1117,17 +1154,55 @@ cdef class fmpz_mod_poly(flint_poly):
             >>> 
             >>> f.powmod(123, mod) 
             3*x^3 + 25*x^2 + 115*x + 161
+            >>> f.powmod(2**64, mod)
+            52*x^3 + 96*x^2 + 136*x + 9
+            >>> mod_rev_inv = mod.reverse().inverse_series_trunc(4)
+            >>> f.powmod(2**64, mod, mod_rev_inv)
+            52*x^3 + 96*x^2 + 136*x + 9
         """
         cdef fmpz_mod_poly res
 
+        if e < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Exponent must be non-negative")
+
         modulus = self.ctx.any_as_fmpz_mod_poly(modulus)
         if modulus is NotImplemented:
             raise TypeError(f"Cannot interpret {modulus} as a polynomial")
 
+        # Output polynomial
         res = self.ctx.new_ctype_poly()
-        fmpz_mod_poly_powmod_ui_binexp(
-            res.val, self.val, <ulong>e, (<fmpz_mod_poly>modulus).val, res.ctx.mod.val
-        )
+
+        # For small exponents, use a simple binary exponentiation method
+        if e.bit_length() < 32:
+            fmpz_mod_poly_powmod_ui_binexp(
+                res.val, self.val, <ulong>e, (<fmpz_mod_poly>modulus).val, res.ctx.mod.val
+            )
+            return res
+
+        # For larger exponents we need to cast e to an fmpz first
+        e_fmpz = any_as_fmpz(e)
+        if e_fmpz is NotImplemented:
+            raise TypeError(f"exponent cannot be cast to an fmpz type: {e = }")
+
+        # To optimise powering, we precompute the inverse of the reverse of the modulus
+        if mod_rev_inv is not None:
+            mod_rev_inv = self.ctx.any_as_fmpz_mod_poly(mod_rev_inv)
+            if mod_rev_inv is NotImplemented:
+                raise TypeError(f"Cannot interpret {mod_rev_inv} as a polynomial")
+        else:
+            mod_rev_inv = modulus.reverse().inverse_series_trunc(modulus.length())
+
+        # Use windowed exponentiation optimisation when self = x
+        if self.is_gen():
+            fmpz_mod_poly_powmod_x_fmpz_preinv(
+                res.val, (<fmpz>e_fmpz).val, (<fmpz_mod_poly>modulus).val, (<fmpz_mod_poly>mod_rev_inv).val, res.ctx.mod.val
+            )
+            return res
+
+        # Otherwise using binary exponentiation for all other inputs
+        fmpz_mod_poly_powmod_fmpz_binexp_preinv(
+                res.val, self.val, (<fmpz>e_fmpz).val, (<fmpz_mod_poly>modulus).val, (<fmpz_mod_poly>mod_rev_inv).val, res.ctx.mod.val
+            )
         return res
 
     def divmod(self, other):