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PJON-dynamic-addressing-specification-v2.0.md

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Network layer

  • PJON (Padded Jittering Operative Network) Protocol specification: v3.0
  • PJON Acknowledge specification: v1.0
  • PJON Dynamic addressing specification: v2.0
  • PJON Network services: list

Data link layer

/*
Milan, Italy
Originally published: 02/10/2016
Latest revision: 14/12/2017
PJON® dynamic addressing specification v2.0
Invented by Giovanni Blu Mitolo,
released into the public domain

Related implementation: https://github.com/gioblu/PJON/
Compliant versions: PJON v9.0 and following

Inspired by the thesis of Thomas Snaidero:
"Modular components for eye tracking, in the interest of
helping persons with severely impaired motor skills."
Master Thesis, IT University of Copenhagen
Denmark, September 2016

Changelog:
- Switched from PJON_ADDRESS_BIT to port identifier
*/

PJON® dynamic addressing specification v2.0

This document defines the dynamic addressing procedure used by a device in multi-master configuration or the one imposed and regulated by master in a master-slave configuration. All communication related to the addressing procedure must be transmitted on the PJON_DYNAMIC_ADDRESSING_PORT or port 1.

Master-slave dynamic addressing

 _________    _________    _________    _________
| ID    1 |  | ID    2 |  | ID    3 |  | ID    4 |
| RID 101 |  | RID  41 |  | RID 945 |  | RID  22 |  __________
|_________|  |_________|  |_________|  |_________| |  MASTER  |
____|____________|____________|____________|_______| ID   254 |
 ___|_____    ___|_____    ___|_____    ___|_____  |__________|
| ID    5 |  | ID    6 |  | ID    7 |  | ID    8 |
| RID 723 |  | RID  35 |  | RID 585 |  | RID  66 |
|_________|  |_________|  |_________|  |_________|

Master features

  • Master's id is PJON_MASTER_ID (decimal 254)
  • Master has a caducous internal slave ids archive
  • Broadcasts PJON_ID_LIST to get PJON_ID_REFRESH requests from already approved slaves
  • Handles PJON_ID_REQUEST requests from slaves requiring id assignment
  • Sends PJON_ID_NEGATE request to slaves if rid o id collision occurs
  • Handles PJON_ID_NEGATE requests from slaves who are leaving the bus

Slave features

  • Slave's initial id is PJON_NOT_ASSIGNED (decimal 255)
  • Slaves have a unique random generated 4 bytes rid or randomly generated identifier
  • Sends PJON_ID_REFRESH request to master if required by master PJON_ID_LIST broadcast
  • Sends PJON_ID_REQUEST to master if id assignment is necessary
  • Regenerates rid and restarts the process if PJON_ID_NEGATE is received from master
  • Sends PJON_ID_NEGATE before shut down or leaving the bus
  • Fall back to multi-master procedure if no master is present

Procedure

All communication to dynamically assign or request ids must be transmitted using CRC32 and PJON_DYNAMIC_ADDRESSING port (see the known protocols list v1.0).

Slave sends a PJON_ID_REQUEST to get a new id:

 ______ ________ ______ ___ ________ ____ __________ ___ ___  ___
|MASTER| HEADER |      |   |  NOT   |PORT|          |RID|   ||   |
|  ID  |00110110|LENGTH|CRC|ASSIGNED| 1  |ID_REQUEST|   |CRC||ACK|
|______|________|______|___|________|____|__________|___|___||___|

If master detects a rid collision, sends a PJON_ID_NEGATE request to PJON_NOT_ASSIGNED device id to force the still not approved slave to regenerate a rid:

 ________ ________ ______ ___ ______ ____ _________ ___ ___  ___
|  NOT   | HEADER |      |   |MASTER|PORT|         |RID|   ||   |
|ASSIGNED|00110110|LENGTH|CRC|  ID  | 1  |ID_NEGATE|   |CRC||ACK|
|________|________|______|___|______|____|_________|___|___||___|

Master broadcasts a response containing the rid and the new device id reserved for the requester:

 _________ ________ ______ ___ ______ ____ __________ ___ __ ___
|         | HEADER |      |   |MASTER|PORT|          |RID|  |   |
|BROADCAST|00110010|LENGTH|CRC|  ID  | 1  |ID_REQUEST|   |ID|CRC|
|_________|________|______|___|______|____|__________|___|__|___|

Slave confirms the id acquisition:

 ______ ________ ______ ___ __ ____ __________ ___ __ ___  ___
|MASTER| HEADER |      |   |  |PORT|          |RID|  |   ||   |
|  ID  |00110110|LENGTH|CRC|ID| 1  |ID_CONFIRM|   |ID|CRC||ACK|
|______|________|______|___|__|____|__________|___|__|___||___|

If master detects a slave's rid already present in its reference, sends a PJON_ID_NEGATE request to the slave who transmitted the ID_CONFIRM request to force it to regenerate a rid and try again:

 __ ________ ______ ___ _________ ____ _________ ___ ___  ___
|  | HEADER |      |   |         |PORT|         |RID|   ||   |
|ID|00110110|LENGTH|CRC|MASTER_ID| 1  |ID_NEGATE|   |CRC||ACK|
|__|________|______|___|_________|____|_________|___|___||___|

If master experiences temporary disconnection or reboot, at start up sends a PJON_ID_LIST broadcast request:

 _________ ________ ______ ___ _________ ____ _______ ___
|         | HEADER |      |   |         |PORT|       |   |
|BROADCAST|00110010|LENGTH|CRC|MASTER_ID| 1  |ID_LIST|CRC|
|_________|________|______|___|_________|____|_______|___|

Each slave answers to a PJON_ID_LIST broadcast request dispatching a PJON_ID_REFRESH request for master:

 ______ ________ ______ ___ __ ____ __________ ___ __ ___  ___
|MASTER| HEADER |      |   |  |PORT|          |RID|  |   ||   |
|  ID  |00110110|LENGTH|CRC|ID| 1  |ID_REFRESH|   |ID|CRC||ACK|
|______|________|______|___|__|____|__________|___|__|___||___|

If the id requested is free in the master's reference, id is approved and the exchange ends. If the id is already in use, master sends a PJON_ID_NEGATE request forcing the slave to acquire a new id through a PJON_ID_REQUEST:

Master sends PJON_ID_NEGATE request to slave:

 _____ ________ ______ ___ _________ ____ _________ ___ ___  ___
|SLAVE| HEADER |      |   |         |PORT|         |RID|   ||   |
| ID  |00110110|LENGTH|CRC|MASTER_ID| 1  |ID_NEGATE|   |CRC||ACK|
|_____|________|______|___|_________|____|_________|___|___||___|

Slaves must send a PJON_ID_NEGATE request to master to free the id before leaving the bus:

 ______ ________ ______ ___ __ ____ _________ ___ __ ___  ___
|MASTER| HEADER |      |   |  |PORT|         |RID|  |   ||   |
|  ID  |00110110|LENGTH|CRC|ID| 1  |ID_NEGATE|   |ID|CRC||ACK|
|______|________|______|___|__|____|_________|___|__|___||___|

Multi-master dynamic addressing

 _______     _______     _______     _______     _______
|       |   |       |   |       |   |       |   |       |
| ID 0  |   | ID 1  |   | ID 2  |   | ID 3  |   | ID 4  |
|_______|   |_______|   |_______|   |_______|   |_______|
_____|___________|___________|___________|___________|____
     ___|___     ___|___     ___|___     ___|___
    |       |   |       |   |       |   |       |
    | ID 5  |   | ID 6  |   | ID 7  |   | ID 8  |
    |_______|   |_______|   |_______|   |_______|

Procedure

In a multi-master setup, all devices, are actively looking for a free device id:

  1. The device extracts a random device id and tries to contact that device
  2. If an answer is received, it adds one to the id and tries again
  3. If no answer is obtained from a device id, that is reserved
  4. The device receives for a random time to be able to answer to other devices interested in that device id
  5. The device tries to contact itself to probe collision, if no answer is received the device id is taken.