From 3182ac414c45fa16ddb261d2c667018da3fd5e05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:25:26 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] fix: _redircts to use /*/ to /:splat/ prefix

---
 public/_redirects | 92 +++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/public/_redirects b/public/_redirects
index 57fb1ef8525..4cbd10131e9 100644
--- a/public/_redirects
+++ b/public/_redirects
@@ -1,66 +1,64 @@
-/discord https://discord.gg/ethereum-org 301!
+## Canonical redirects (intl-prefixed)
 
 /*/discord https://discord.gg/ethereum-org 301!
 
-/pdfs/* / 301!
+/*/pdfs/* /:splat/ 301!
 
-/brand /assets/ 301!
+/*/brand /:splat/assets/ 301!
 
-/ether /eth/ 301!
+/*/ethereum.html /:splat/what-is-ethereum/ 301!
 
-/token /developers/ 301!
+/*/ether /:splat/eth/ 301!
 
-/crowdsale /developers/ 301!
+/*/token /:splat/developers/ 301!
 
-/cli /developers/ 301!
+/*/crowdsale /:splat/developers/ 301!
 
-/greeter /developers/ 301!
+/*/cli /:splat/developers/ 301!
 
-/search / 301!
+/*/greeter /:splat/developers/ 301!
 
-/use /apps/ 301!
+/*/roadmap/vision/ /:splat/roadmap/ 301!
 
-/dapps /apps/ 301!
+/*/search /:splat/ 301!
 
-/beginners /what-is-ethereum/ 301!
+/*/wallets/ /:splat/wallets/find-wallet/ 301!
+/*/wallets/find-wallet/* /:splat/wallets/find-wallet/:splat 200!
+/*/wallets/* /:splat/wallets/ 301!
 
-/eth2/ /roadmap/ 301!
+/*/nfts/ /:splat/nft/ 301!
 
-/build/ /developers/learning-tools/ 301!
-
-/nfts/ /nft/ 301!
-
-/payments/ /payments/ 301!
-
-/daos/ /dao/ 301!
-
-/layer2/ /layer-2/ 301!
+/*/daos/ /:splat/dao/ 301!
 
 /*/layer2/ /:splat/layer-2/ 301!
 
-/grants/ /community/grants/ 301!
+/*/grants/ /:splat/community/grants/ 301!
 
 /no/* /nb/:splat 301!
 
 /ph/* /fil/:splat 301!
 
-/java/ /developers/docs/programming-languages/java/ 301!
+/*/java/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/ 301!
+
+/*/python/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/ 301!
 
-/python/ /developers/docs/programming-languages/python/ 301!
+/*/javascript/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/ 301!
 
-/javascript/ /developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/ 301!
+/*/golang/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/ 301!
 
-/golang/ /developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/ 301!
+/*/rust/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/ 301!
 
-/rust/ /developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/ 301!
+/*/dot-net/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/ 301!
 
-/dot-net/ /developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/ 301!
+/*/delphi/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/ 301!
 
-/delphi/ /developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/ 301!
+/*/dart/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/ 301!
 
-/dart/ /developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/ 301!
+## handled below with intl-prefixed rule
 
-/developers/docs/mining/ /developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/ 301!
+/*/languages/ /:splat/community/language-resources/ 301!
+
+/*/developers/docs/mining/ /:splat/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/ 301!
 
 /*/beginners /:splat/what-is-ethereum/ 301!
 
@@ -90,34 +88,20 @@
 
 /*/upgrades/shard-chains/ /:splat/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
 
-/upgrades/sharding/ /roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
-
 /*/upgrades/sharding/ /:splat/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
 
-/upgrades/shard-chains/ /roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
-
-/upgrades/merge /roadmap/merge/ 301!
-
 /*/upgrades/merge /:splat/roadmap/merge/ 301!
 
-/upgrades/merge/issuance /roadmap/merge/issuance 301!
-
 /*/upgrades/merge/issuance /:splat/roadmap/merge/issuance 301!
 
-/upgrades/beacon-chain /roadmap/beacon-chain 301!
-
 /*/upgrades/beacon-chain /:splat/roadmap/beacon-chain 301!
 
-/upgrades/vision/ /roadmap/ 301!
-
 /*/upgrades/vision/ /:splat/roadmap/ 301!
 
-/upgrades /roadmap 301!
+/*/roadmap/vision/ /:splat/roadmap/ 301!
 
 /*/upgrades /:splat/roadmap 301!
 
-/upgrades/get-involved /contributing 301!
-
 /*/upgrades/get-involved /:splat/contributing 301!
 
 /*/eth2/staking/ /:splat/staking/ 301!
@@ -136,6 +120,8 @@
 
 /*/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups /:splat/developers/docs/scaling 301!
 
+/*/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling/ /:splat/layer-2/ 301!
+
 /*/about/web-developer /:splat/about/#open-jobs 301!
 
 /*/about/product-designer /:splat/about/#open-jobs 301!
@@ -147,6 +133,8 @@
 
 /*/dapps /:splat/apps/ 301!
 
+## duplicates removed above; keep only one canonical rule per path
+
 /*/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide/ /:splat/contributing/translation-program/faq/ 301!
 
 /*/contributing/translation-program/content-versions/ /:splat/contributing/translation-program/ 301!
@@ -157,7 +145,7 @@
 
 /*/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts/ /:splat/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/ 301!
 
-/staking/withdraws /staking/withdrawals/ 301!
+## handled below with intl-prefixed rule
 
 /*/writing-cohort https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/ 301!
 
@@ -169,18 +157,10 @@
 
 /*/enterprise/private-ethereum/ /:splat/enterprise/ 301!
 
-/dashboards /resources 301!
-
 /*/dashboards /:splat/resources 301!
 
-/tds /trillion-dollar-security 301!
-
 /*/tds /:splat/trillion-dollar-security 301!
 
-/10-years /10years 301!
-
 /*/10-years /:splat/10years 301!
 
-/history /ethereum-forks 301!
-
 /*/history /:splat/ethereum-forks 301!

From a9d0310295808953e182a6f0e235c6e745c2a027 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:33:47 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] feat: add redirects for ext 404s

---
 public/_redirects | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/public/_redirects b/public/_redirects
index 4cbd10131e9..2024de658d7 100644
--- a/public/_redirects
+++ b/public/_redirects
@@ -26,6 +26,18 @@
 /*/wallets/find-wallet/* /:splat/wallets/find-wallet/:splat 200!
 /*/wallets/* /:splat/wallets/ 301!
 
+/*/garden /:splat/roadmap/ 301!
+
+/*/download /:splat/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/ 301!
+
+/*/how /:splat/guides/ 301!
+
+# Remove /content prefix (legacy URLs)
+/:locale/content/* /:locale/:splat 301!
+
+# Invalid nested apps paths → apps hub
+/:locale/apps/:app/* /:locale/apps/ 301!
+
 /*/nfts/ /:splat/nft/ 301!
 
 /*/daos/ /:splat/dao/ 301!

From 0965f70376d71afac4654f7ae118393125223535 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 18:16:38 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] fix(i18n): use named single-segment `/:locale` prefix

---
 public/_redirects | 173 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------
 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/public/_redirects b/public/_redirects
index 2024de658d7..36a398facb4 100644
--- a/public/_redirects
+++ b/public/_redirects
@@ -1,178 +1,171 @@
 ## Canonical redirects (intl-prefixed)
 
-/*/discord https://discord.gg/ethereum-org 301!
+/:locale/discord https://discord.gg/ethereum-org 301!
 
-/*/pdfs/* /:splat/ 301!
+/:locale/pdfs/* /:locale/ 301!
 
-/*/brand /:splat/assets/ 301!
+/:locale/brand /:locale/assets/ 301!
 
-/*/ethereum.html /:splat/what-is-ethereum/ 301!
+/:locale/ethereum.html /:locale/what-is-ethereum/ 301!
 
-/*/ether /:splat/eth/ 301!
+/:locale/ether /:locale/eth/ 301!
 
-/*/token /:splat/developers/ 301!
+/:locale/token /:locale/developers/ 301!
 
-/*/crowdsale /:splat/developers/ 301!
+/:locale/crowdsale /:locale/developers/ 301!
 
-/*/cli /:splat/developers/ 301!
+/:locale/cli /:locale/developers/ 301!
 
-/*/greeter /:splat/developers/ 301!
+/:locale/greeter /:locale/developers/ 301!
 
-/*/roadmap/vision/ /:splat/roadmap/ 301!
+/:locale/roadmap/vision/ /:locale/roadmap/ 301!
 
-/*/search /:splat/ 301!
+/:locale/search /:locale/ 301!
 
-/*/wallets/ /:splat/wallets/find-wallet/ 301!
-/*/wallets/find-wallet/* /:splat/wallets/find-wallet/:splat 200!
-/*/wallets/* /:splat/wallets/ 301!
+/:locale/wallets/ /:locale/wallets/find-wallet/ 301!
 
-/*/garden /:splat/roadmap/ 301!
+/:locale/wallets/find-wallet/* /:locale/wallets/find-wallet/:splat 200!
 
-/*/download /:splat/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/ 301!
+/:locale/wallets/* /:locale/wallets/ 301!
 
-/*/how /:splat/guides/ 301!
+/:locale/garden /:locale/roadmap/ 301!
 
-# Remove /content prefix (legacy URLs)
+/:locale/download /:locale/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/ 301!
+
+/:locale/how /:locale/guides/ 301!
+
+# Remove /content any usage of prefix
 /:locale/content/* /:locale/:splat 301!
 
 # Invalid nested apps paths → apps hub
 /:locale/apps/:app/* /:locale/apps/ 301!
 
-/*/nfts/ /:splat/nft/ 301!
+/:locale/nfts/ /:locale/nft/ 301!
 
-/*/daos/ /:splat/dao/ 301!
+/:locale/daos/ /:locale/dao/ 301!
 
-/*/layer2/ /:splat/layer-2/ 301!
+/:locale/layer2/ /:locale/layer-2/ 301!
 
-/*/grants/ /:splat/community/grants/ 301!
+/:locale/grants/ /:locale/community/grants/ 301!
 
 /no/* /nb/:splat 301!
 
 /ph/* /fil/:splat 301!
 
-/*/java/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/ 301!
-
-/*/python/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/ 301!
-
-/*/javascript/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/ 301!
-
-/*/golang/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/ 301!
-
-/*/rust/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/ 301!
+/:locale/java/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/ 301!
 
-/*/dot-net/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/ 301!
+/:locale/python/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/ 301!
 
-/*/delphi/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/ 301!
+/:locale/javascript/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/ 301!
 
-/*/dart/ /:splat/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/ 301!
+/:locale/golang/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/ 301!
 
-## handled below with intl-prefixed rule
+/:locale/rust/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/ 301!
 
-/*/languages/ /:splat/community/language-resources/ 301!
+/:locale/dot-net/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/ 301!
 
-/*/developers/docs/mining/ /:splat/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/ 301!
+/:locale/delphi/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/ 301!
 
-/*/beginners /:splat/what-is-ethereum/ 301!
+/:locale/dart/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/ 301!
 
-/*/build /:splat/developers/learning-tools/ 301!
+/:locale/languages/ /:locale/community/language-resources/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/beacon-chain/ /:splat/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
+/:locale/developers/docs/mining/ /:locale/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/the-beacon-chain/ /:splat/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
+/:locale/beginners /:locale/what-is-ethereum/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/the-beacon-chain/ /:splat/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
+/:locale/build /:locale/developers/learning-tools/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/merge /:splat/upgrades/merge/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/beacon-chain/ /:locale/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/the-merge /:splat/upgrades/merge/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/the-beacon-chain/ /:locale/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/the-merge /:splat/upgrades/merge/ 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/the-beacon-chain/ /:locale/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/docking /:splat/upgrades/merge/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/merge /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/docking /:splat/upgrades/merge/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/the-merge /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/the-docking /:splat/upgrades/merge/ 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/the-merge /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/the-docking /:splat/upgrades/merge/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/docking /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/shard-chains/ /:splat/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/docking /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/shard-chains/ /:splat/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/the-docking /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/sharding/ /:splat/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/the-docking /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/merge /:splat/roadmap/merge/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/shard-chains/ /:locale/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/merge/issuance /:splat/roadmap/merge/issuance 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/shard-chains/ /:locale/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/beacon-chain /:splat/roadmap/beacon-chain 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/sharding/ /:locale/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/vision/ /:splat/roadmap/ 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/merge /:locale/roadmap/merge/ 301!
 
-/*/roadmap/vision/ /:splat/roadmap/ 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/merge/issuance /:locale/roadmap/merge/issuance 301!
 
-/*/upgrades /:splat/roadmap 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/beacon-chain /:locale/roadmap/beacon-chain 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/get-involved /:splat/contributing 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/vision/ /:locale/roadmap/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/staking/ /:splat/staking/ 301!
+/:locale/roadmap/vision/ /:locale/roadmap/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/vision/ /:splat/roadmap/vision/ 301!
+/:locale/upgrades /:locale/roadmap 301!
 
-/*/eth2/get-involved/ /:splat/upgrades/get-involved/ 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/get-involved /:locale/contributing 301!
 
-/*/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty/ /:splat/bug-bounty/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/staking/ /:locale/staking/ 301!
 
-/*/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty/ /:splat/bug-bounty/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/vision/ /:locale/roadmap/vision/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2/deposit-contract/ /:splat/staking/deposit-contract/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/get-involved/ /:locale/upgrades/get-involved/ 301!
 
-/*/eth2 /:splat/upgrades/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty/ /:locale/bug-bounty/ 301!
 
-/*/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups /:splat/developers/docs/scaling 301!
+/:locale/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty/ /:locale/bug-bounty/ 301!
 
-/*/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling/ /:splat/layer-2/ 301!
+/:locale/eth2/deposit-contract/ /:locale/staking/deposit-contract/ 301!
 
-/*/about/web-developer /:splat/about/#open-jobs 301!
+/:locale/eth2 /:locale/upgrades/ 301!
 
-/*/about/product-designer /:splat/about/#open-jobs 301!
+/:locale/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups /:locale/developers/docs/scaling 301!
 
-/*/use /:splat/apps/ 301!
+/:locale/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling/ /:locale/layer-2/ 301!
 
-# Exception: don't redirect developers/docs/dapps paths
-/*/developers/docs/dapps* /:splat/developers/docs/dapps:splat 200!
+/:locale/about/web-developer /:locale/about/#open-jobs 301!
 
-/*/dapps /:splat/apps/ 301!
+/:locale/about/product-designer /:locale/about/#open-jobs 301!
 
-## duplicates removed above; keep only one canonical rule per path
+/:locale/use /:locale/apps/ 301!
 
-/*/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide/ /:splat/contributing/translation-program/faq/ 301!
+/:locale/dapps /:locale/apps/ 301!
 
-/*/contributing/translation-program/content-versions/ /:splat/contributing/translation-program/ 301!
+/:locale/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide/ /:locale/contributing/translation-program/faq/ 301!
 
-/*/contributing/translation-program/content-buckets/ /:splat/contributing/translation-program/ 301!
+/:locale/contributing/translation-program/content-versions/ /:locale/contributing/translation-program/ 301!
 
-/*/developers/docs/smart-contracts/source-code-verification/ /:splat/developers/docs/smart-contracts/verifying/ 301!
+/:locale/contributing/translation-program/content-buckets/ /:locale/contributing/translation-program/ 301!
 
-/*/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts/ /:splat/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/ 301!
+/:locale/developers/docs/smart-contracts/source-code-verification/ /:locale/developers/docs/smart-contracts/verifying/ 301!
 
-## handled below with intl-prefixed rule
+/:locale/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts/ /:locale/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/ 301!
 
-/*/writing-cohort https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/ 301!
+/:locale/writing-cohort https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/ 301!
 
-/*/staking/withdraws /:splat/staking/withdrawals/ 301!
+/:locale/staking/withdraws /:locale/staking/withdrawals/ 301!
 
-/*/guides/how-to-register-an-ethereum-account /:splat/guides/how-to-create-an-ethereum-account/ 301!
+/:locale/guides/how-to-register-an-ethereum-account /:locale/guides/how-to-create-an-ethereum-account/ 301!
 
-/*/deprecated-software /:splat/apps/ 301!
+/:locale/deprecated-software /:locale/apps/ 301!
 
-/*/enterprise/private-ethereum/ /:splat/enterprise/ 301!
+/:locale/enterprise/private-ethereum/ /:locale/enterprise/ 301!
 
-/*/dashboards /:splat/resources 301!
+/:locale/dashboards /:locale/resources 301!
 
-/*/tds /:splat/trillion-dollar-security 301!
+/:locale/tds /:locale/trillion-dollar-security 301!
 
-/*/10-years /:splat/10years 301!
+/:locale/10-years /:locale/10years 301!
 
-/*/history /:splat/ethereum-forks 301!
+/:locale/history /:locale/ethereum-forks 301!

From ecba9a440a4fc0932adee865316f7ca9e3b7160a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 21:37:23 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] patch: nesting redirects

Should 404 if not available
---
 public/_redirects | 9 +++------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/public/_redirects b/public/_redirects
index 36a398facb4..b26c6def5d9 100644
--- a/public/_redirects
+++ b/public/_redirects
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 /:locale/wallets/ /:locale/wallets/find-wallet/ 301!
 
-/:locale/wallets/find-wallet/* /:locale/wallets/find-wallet/:splat 200!
+
 
 /:locale/wallets/* /:locale/wallets/ 301!
 
@@ -34,11 +34,8 @@
 
 /:locale/how /:locale/guides/ 301!
 
-# Remove /content any usage of prefix
-/:locale/content/* /:locale/:splat 301!
-
-# Invalid nested apps paths → apps hub
-/:locale/apps/:app/* /:locale/apps/ 301!
+# Remove /content prefix from legacy URLs (only if destination exists; invalid paths will 404)
+/:locale/content/* /:locale/:splat 301
 
 /:locale/nfts/ /:locale/nft/ 301!
 

From 3b68b3a50615e764a98baf54d5a75a1f7925ded8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 21:38:15 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] patch: no and ph handlers to top

---
 public/_redirects | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/public/_redirects b/public/_redirects
index b26c6def5d9..78da102e1ce 100644
--- a/public/_redirects
+++ b/public/_redirects
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+# Locale alias redirects (legacy typos)
+
+/no/* /nb/:splat 301!
+
+/ph/* /fil/:splat 301!
+
 ## Canonical redirects (intl-prefixed)
 
 /:locale/discord https://discord.gg/ethereum-org 301!

From 0b528e8f53d7c2ea3a256de9c2900b1cc72ba5de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 21:39:47 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] patch: lowercase all incoming paths

---
 middleware.ts | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/middleware.ts b/middleware.ts
index 97d6926076d..3aa0c13d98d 100644
--- a/middleware.ts
+++ b/middleware.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@ import { DEFAULT_LOCALE } from "./src/lib/constants"
 const handleI18nRouting = createMiddleware(routing)
 
 export default function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
+  // Normalize to lowercase paths site-wide (URLs are case-insensitive by spec,
+  // but our routes are defined in lowercase). Do this BEFORE i18n routing.
+  const originalPath = request.nextUrl.pathname
+  const lowerPath = originalPath.toLowerCase()
+  if (originalPath !== lowerPath) {
+    const url = request.nextUrl.clone()
+    url.pathname = lowerPath
+    return NextResponse.redirect(url, 301)
+  }
+
   const response = handleI18nRouting(request)
 
   // Upgrade default-locale strip redirects from 307 to 301 for SEO

From a8829c3c5cf3c17734ac41110503ea926a97181d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2025 18:55:09 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] refactor: use next.js middleware for all redirect logic

---
 middleware.ts     | 157 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 public/_redirects | 176 +---------------------------------------------
 2 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 175 deletions(-)

diff --git a/middleware.ts b/middleware.ts
index 3aa0c13d98d..481ecaf2ddb 100644
--- a/middleware.ts
+++ b/middleware.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,144 @@ import { DEFAULT_LOCALE } from "./src/lib/constants"
 
 const handleI18nRouting = createMiddleware(routing)
 
+// Build a strict locale matcher from configured locales
+const LOCALE_ALTS = routing.locales.join("|")
+
+// Define redirect patterns - these will work for both /path and /:locale/path
+const redirectPatterns: { from: string; to: string }[] = [
+  // Locale aliases
+  { from: "/no/(.*)", to: "/nb/$1" },
+  { from: "/ph/(.*)", to: "/fil/$1" },
+  // Legacy redirects
+  { from: "/discord", to: "https://discord.gg/ethereum-org" },
+  { from: "/pdfs/(.*)", to: "/" },
+  { from: "/brand", to: "/assets/" },
+  { from: "/ethereum\\.html", to: "/what-is-ethereum/" },
+  { from: "/ether", to: "/eth/" },
+  { from: "/token", to: "/developers/" },
+  { from: "/crowdsale", to: "/developers/" },
+  { from: "/cli", to: "/developers/" },
+  { from: "/greeter", to: "/developers/" },
+  { from: "/roadmap/vision", to: "/roadmap/" },
+  { from: "/search", to: "/" },
+  { from: "/garden", to: "/roadmap/" },
+  { from: "/download", to: "/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/" },
+  { from: "/how", to: "/guides/" },
+  { from: "/content/(.*)", to: "/$1/" },
+  { from: "/nfts", to: "/nft/" },
+  { from: "/daos", to: "/dao/" },
+  { from: "/layer2", to: "/layer-2/" },
+  { from: "/grants", to: "/community/grants/" },
+  { from: "/java", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/" },
+  { from: "/python", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/" },
+  {
+    from: "/javascript",
+    to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/",
+  },
+  { from: "/golang", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/" },
+  { from: "/rust", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/" },
+  { from: "/dot-net", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/" },
+  { from: "/delphi", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/" },
+  { from: "/dart", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/" },
+  { from: "/languages", to: "/community/language-resources/" },
+  {
+    from: "/developers/docs/mining",
+    to: "/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/",
+  },
+  { from: "/beginners", to: "/what-is-ethereum/" },
+  { from: "/build", to: "/developers/learning-tools/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/beacon-chain", to: "/roadmap/beacon-chain/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/the-beacon-chain", to: "/roadmap/beacon-chain/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/the-beacon-chain", to: "/roadmap/beacon-chain/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/merge", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/the-merge", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/the-merge", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/docking", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/docking", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/the-docking", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/the-docking", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/shard-chains", to: "/roadmap/danksharding/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/shard-chains", to: "/roadmap/danksharding/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/sharding", to: "/roadmap/danksharding/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/merge", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/merge/issuance", to: "/roadmap/merge/issuance" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/beacon-chain", to: "/roadmap/beacon-chain" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/vision", to: "/roadmap/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades", to: "/roadmap" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/get-involved", to: "/contributing" },
+  { from: "/eth2/staking", to: "/staking/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/vision", to: "/roadmap/vision/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/get-involved", to: "/upgrades/get-involved/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty", to: "/bug-bounty/" },
+  { from: "/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty", to: "/bug-bounty/" },
+  { from: "/eth2/deposit-contract", to: "/staking/deposit-contract/" },
+  { from: "/eth2", to: "/upgrades/" },
+  {
+    from: "/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups",
+    to: "/developers/docs/scaling",
+  },
+  { from: "/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling", to: "/layer-2/" },
+  { from: "/about/web-developer", to: "/about/#open-jobs" },
+  { from: "/about/product-designer", to: "/about/#open-jobs" },
+  { from: "/use", to: "/apps/" },
+  { from: "/dapps", to: "/apps/" },
+  {
+    from: "/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide",
+    to: "/contributing/translation-program/faq/",
+  },
+  {
+    from: "/contributing/translation-program/content-versions",
+    to: "/contributing/translation-program/",
+  },
+  {
+    from: "/contributing/translation-program/content-buckets",
+    to: "/contributing/translation-program/",
+  },
+  {
+    from: "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/source-code-verification",
+    to: "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/verifying/",
+  },
+  {
+    from: "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts",
+    to: "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/",
+  },
+  { from: "/writing-cohort", to: "https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/" },
+  { from: "/staking/withdraws", to: "/staking/withdrawals/" },
+  {
+    from: "/guides/how-to-register-an-ethereum-account",
+    to: "/guides/how-to-create-an-ethereum-account/",
+  },
+  { from: "/deprecated-software", to: "/apps/" },
+  { from: "/enterprise/private-ethereum", to: "/enterprise/" },
+  { from: "/dashboards", to: "/resources" },
+  { from: "/tds", to: "/trillion-dollar-security" },
+  { from: "/10-years", to: "/10years" },
+  { from: "/history", to: "/ethereum-forks" },
+]
+
+// Build regex patterns for both non-prefixed and locale-prefixed paths
+const redirects: {
+  from: RegExp
+  to: string
+  type: number
+}[] = redirectPatterns.flatMap(({ from, to }) => {
+  return [
+    // Non-prefixed version (e.g., /cli)
+    {
+      from: new RegExp(`^${from}/?$`),
+      to,
+      type: 301,
+    },
+    // Locale-prefixed version (e.g., /es/cli)
+    {
+      // from: new RegExp(`^/(\\w+)${from}/?$`),
+      from: new RegExp(`^/(${LOCALE_ALTS})${from}/?$`),
+      to: `/$1${to}`,
+      type: 301,
+    },
+  ]
+})
+
 export default function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
   // Normalize to lowercase paths site-wide (URLs are case-insensitive by spec,
   // but our routes are defined in lowercase). Do this BEFORE i18n routing.
@@ -17,6 +155,23 @@ export default function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
     return NextResponse.redirect(url, 301)
   }
 
+  // Apply custom redirects BEFORE i18n routing
+  for (const rule of redirects) {
+    if (rule.from.test(lowerPath)) {
+      const replaced = lowerPath.replace(rule.from, rule.to)
+
+      // External targets (e.g., discord invite)
+      if (replaced.startsWith("http://") || replaced.startsWith("https://")) {
+        return NextResponse.redirect(replaced, rule.type)
+      }
+
+      // Internal targets
+      const url = request.nextUrl.clone()
+      url.pathname = replaced
+      return NextResponse.redirect(url, rule.type)
+    }
+  }
+
   const response = handleI18nRouting(request)
 
   // Upgrade default-locale strip redirects from 307 to 301 for SEO
@@ -36,5 +191,5 @@ export default function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
 
 // Simplified matcher pattern
 export const config = {
-  matcher: ["/((?!api|_next|_vercel|.well-known|.*\\.[^/]*$).*)"],
+  matcher: ["/((?!api|_next|_vercel|.well-known|.*\\.(?!html$)[^/]+$).*)"],
 }
diff --git a/public/_redirects b/public/_redirects
index 78da102e1ce..4c780ac1382 100644
--- a/public/_redirects
+++ b/public/_redirects
@@ -1,174 +1,2 @@
-# Locale alias redirects (legacy typos)
-
-/no/* /nb/:splat 301!
-
-/ph/* /fil/:splat 301!
-
-## Canonical redirects (intl-prefixed)
-
-/:locale/discord https://discord.gg/ethereum-org 301!
-
-/:locale/pdfs/* /:locale/ 301!
-
-/:locale/brand /:locale/assets/ 301!
-
-/:locale/ethereum.html /:locale/what-is-ethereum/ 301!
-
-/:locale/ether /:locale/eth/ 301!
-
-/:locale/token /:locale/developers/ 301!
-
-/:locale/crowdsale /:locale/developers/ 301!
-
-/:locale/cli /:locale/developers/ 301!
-
-/:locale/greeter /:locale/developers/ 301!
-
-/:locale/roadmap/vision/ /:locale/roadmap/ 301!
-
-/:locale/search /:locale/ 301!
-
-/:locale/wallets/ /:locale/wallets/find-wallet/ 301!
-
-
-
-/:locale/wallets/* /:locale/wallets/ 301!
-
-/:locale/garden /:locale/roadmap/ 301!
-
-/:locale/download /:locale/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/ 301!
-
-/:locale/how /:locale/guides/ 301!
-
-# Remove /content prefix from legacy URLs (only if destination exists; invalid paths will 404)
-/:locale/content/* /:locale/:splat 301
-
-/:locale/nfts/ /:locale/nft/ 301!
-
-/:locale/daos/ /:locale/dao/ 301!
-
-/:locale/layer2/ /:locale/layer-2/ 301!
-
-/:locale/grants/ /:locale/community/grants/ 301!
-
-/no/* /nb/:splat 301!
-
-/ph/* /fil/:splat 301!
-
-/:locale/java/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/ 301!
-
-/:locale/python/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/ 301!
-
-/:locale/javascript/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/ 301!
-
-/:locale/golang/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/ 301!
-
-/:locale/rust/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/ 301!
-
-/:locale/dot-net/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/ 301!
-
-/:locale/delphi/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/ 301!
-
-/:locale/dart/ /:locale/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/ 301!
-
-/:locale/languages/ /:locale/community/language-resources/ 301!
-
-/:locale/developers/docs/mining/ /:locale/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/ 301!
-
-/:locale/beginners /:locale/what-is-ethereum/ 301!
-
-/:locale/build /:locale/developers/learning-tools/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/beacon-chain/ /:locale/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/the-beacon-chain/ /:locale/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/the-beacon-chain/ /:locale/upgrades/beacon-chain/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/merge /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/the-merge /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/the-merge /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/docking /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/docking /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/the-docking /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/the-docking /:locale/upgrades/merge/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/shard-chains/ /:locale/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/shard-chains/ /:locale/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/sharding/ /:locale/roadmap/danksharding/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/merge /:locale/roadmap/merge/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/merge/issuance /:locale/roadmap/merge/issuance 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/beacon-chain /:locale/roadmap/beacon-chain 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/vision/ /:locale/roadmap/ 301!
-
-/:locale/roadmap/vision/ /:locale/roadmap/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades /:locale/roadmap 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/get-involved /:locale/contributing 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/staking/ /:locale/staking/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/vision/ /:locale/roadmap/vision/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/get-involved/ /:locale/upgrades/get-involved/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty/ /:locale/bug-bounty/ 301!
-
-/:locale/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty/ /:locale/bug-bounty/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2/deposit-contract/ /:locale/staking/deposit-contract/ 301!
-
-/:locale/eth2 /:locale/upgrades/ 301!
-
-/:locale/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups /:locale/developers/docs/scaling 301!
-
-/:locale/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling/ /:locale/layer-2/ 301!
-
-/:locale/about/web-developer /:locale/about/#open-jobs 301!
-
-/:locale/about/product-designer /:locale/about/#open-jobs 301!
-
-/:locale/use /:locale/apps/ 301!
-
-/:locale/dapps /:locale/apps/ 301!
-
-/:locale/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide/ /:locale/contributing/translation-program/faq/ 301!
-
-/:locale/contributing/translation-program/content-versions/ /:locale/contributing/translation-program/ 301!
-
-/:locale/contributing/translation-program/content-buckets/ /:locale/contributing/translation-program/ 301!
-
-/:locale/developers/docs/smart-contracts/source-code-verification/ /:locale/developers/docs/smart-contracts/verifying/ 301!
-
-/:locale/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts/ /:locale/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/ 301!
-
-/:locale/writing-cohort https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/ 301!
-
-/:locale/staking/withdraws /:locale/staking/withdrawals/ 301!
-
-/:locale/guides/how-to-register-an-ethereum-account /:locale/guides/how-to-create-an-ethereum-account/ 301!
-
-/:locale/deprecated-software /:locale/apps/ 301!
-
-/:locale/enterprise/private-ethereum/ /:locale/enterprise/ 301!
-
-/:locale/dashboards /:locale/resources 301!
-
-/:locale/tds /:locale/trillion-dollar-security 301!
-
-/:locale/10-years /:locale/10years 301!
-
-/:locale/history /:locale/ethereum-forks 301!
+# All redirects now handled in Next.js middleware
+# See middleware.ts for redirect logic

From 8e7ddd2473a73a3d250c8d861256b54aa8780f07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2025 19:23:16 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] remove: _redirects

---
 public/_redirects | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 public/_redirects

diff --git a/public/_redirects b/public/_redirects
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c780ac1382..00000000000
--- a/public/_redirects
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# All redirects now handled in Next.js middleware
-# See middleware.ts for redirect logic

From b061e60660aab3be55b35d779c22d0774d2b9fe7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2025 08:21:28 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] patch: /content/ redirect trailing slash

---
 middleware.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/middleware.ts b/middleware.ts
index 481ecaf2ddb..2b84c608837 100644
--- a/middleware.ts
+++ b/middleware.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const redirectPatterns: { from: string; to: string }[] = [
   { from: "/garden", to: "/roadmap/" },
   { from: "/download", to: "/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/" },
   { from: "/how", to: "/guides/" },
-  { from: "/content/(.*)", to: "/$1/" },
+  { from: "/content/(.*)", to: "/$1" },
   { from: "/nfts", to: "/nft/" },
   { from: "/daos", to: "/dao/" },
   { from: "/layer2", to: "/layer-2/" },

From 6531cd743f9d8fd99d8289d61ad9ca682dcf91a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2025 08:22:01 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] refactor: pass optional type

---
 middleware.ts | 19 ++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/middleware.ts b/middleware.ts
index 2b84c608837..ccfe9d7c894 100644
--- a/middleware.ts
+++ b/middleware.ts
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ const handleI18nRouting = createMiddleware(routing)
 // Build a strict locale matcher from configured locales
 const LOCALE_ALTS = routing.locales.join("|")
 
+type Redirect = { from: string; to: string; type?: number }
+
 // Define redirect patterns - these will work for both /path and /:locale/path
-const redirectPatterns: { from: string; to: string }[] = [
+const redirectPatterns: Redirect[] = [
   // Locale aliases
   { from: "/no/(.*)", to: "/nb/$1" },
   { from: "/ph/(.*)", to: "/fil/$1" },
@@ -122,27 +124,22 @@ const redirectPatterns: { from: string; to: string }[] = [
 ]
 
 // Build regex patterns for both non-prefixed and locale-prefixed paths
-const redirects: {
-  from: RegExp
-  to: string
-  type: number
-}[] = redirectPatterns.flatMap(({ from, to }) => {
-  return [
+const redirects = redirectPatterns.flatMap(
+  ({ from, to, type = 301 }: Redirect) => [
     // Non-prefixed version (e.g., /cli)
     {
       from: new RegExp(`^${from}/?$`),
       to,
-      type: 301,
+      type,
     },
     // Locale-prefixed version (e.g., /es/cli)
     {
-      // from: new RegExp(`^/(\\w+)${from}/?$`),
       from: new RegExp(`^/(${LOCALE_ALTS})${from}/?$`),
       to: `/$1${to}`,
-      type: 301,
+      type,
     },
   ]
-})
+)
 
 export default function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
   // Normalize to lowercase paths site-wide (URLs are case-insensitive by spec,

From 568c9c852440b284e35808ff698e15572247f8df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2025 10:48:40 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] refactor: use next.config redirects

revert middleware updates
---
 middleware.ts  | 155 +------------------------------------------------
 next.config.js | 142 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 153 deletions(-)

diff --git a/middleware.ts b/middleware.ts
index ccfe9d7c894..7d9a4aaf929 100644
--- a/middleware.ts
+++ b/middleware.ts
@@ -6,141 +6,6 @@ import { DEFAULT_LOCALE } from "./src/lib/constants"
 
 const handleI18nRouting = createMiddleware(routing)
 
-// Build a strict locale matcher from configured locales
-const LOCALE_ALTS = routing.locales.join("|")
-
-type Redirect = { from: string; to: string; type?: number }
-
-// Define redirect patterns - these will work for both /path and /:locale/path
-const redirectPatterns: Redirect[] = [
-  // Locale aliases
-  { from: "/no/(.*)", to: "/nb/$1" },
-  { from: "/ph/(.*)", to: "/fil/$1" },
-  // Legacy redirects
-  { from: "/discord", to: "https://discord.gg/ethereum-org" },
-  { from: "/pdfs/(.*)", to: "/" },
-  { from: "/brand", to: "/assets/" },
-  { from: "/ethereum\\.html", to: "/what-is-ethereum/" },
-  { from: "/ether", to: "/eth/" },
-  { from: "/token", to: "/developers/" },
-  { from: "/crowdsale", to: "/developers/" },
-  { from: "/cli", to: "/developers/" },
-  { from: "/greeter", to: "/developers/" },
-  { from: "/roadmap/vision", to: "/roadmap/" },
-  { from: "/search", to: "/" },
-  { from: "/garden", to: "/roadmap/" },
-  { from: "/download", to: "/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/" },
-  { from: "/how", to: "/guides/" },
-  { from: "/content/(.*)", to: "/$1" },
-  { from: "/nfts", to: "/nft/" },
-  { from: "/daos", to: "/dao/" },
-  { from: "/layer2", to: "/layer-2/" },
-  { from: "/grants", to: "/community/grants/" },
-  { from: "/java", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/" },
-  { from: "/python", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/" },
-  {
-    from: "/javascript",
-    to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/",
-  },
-  { from: "/golang", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/" },
-  { from: "/rust", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/" },
-  { from: "/dot-net", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/" },
-  { from: "/delphi", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/" },
-  { from: "/dart", to: "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/" },
-  { from: "/languages", to: "/community/language-resources/" },
-  {
-    from: "/developers/docs/mining",
-    to: "/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/",
-  },
-  { from: "/beginners", to: "/what-is-ethereum/" },
-  { from: "/build", to: "/developers/learning-tools/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/beacon-chain", to: "/roadmap/beacon-chain/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/the-beacon-chain", to: "/roadmap/beacon-chain/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/the-beacon-chain", to: "/roadmap/beacon-chain/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/merge", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/the-merge", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/the-merge", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/docking", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/docking", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/the-docking", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/the-docking", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/shard-chains", to: "/roadmap/danksharding/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/shard-chains", to: "/roadmap/danksharding/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/sharding", to: "/roadmap/danksharding/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/merge", to: "/roadmap/merge/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/merge/issuance", to: "/roadmap/merge/issuance" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/beacon-chain", to: "/roadmap/beacon-chain" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/vision", to: "/roadmap/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades", to: "/roadmap" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/get-involved", to: "/contributing" },
-  { from: "/eth2/staking", to: "/staking/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/vision", to: "/roadmap/vision/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/get-involved", to: "/upgrades/get-involved/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty", to: "/bug-bounty/" },
-  { from: "/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty", to: "/bug-bounty/" },
-  { from: "/eth2/deposit-contract", to: "/staking/deposit-contract/" },
-  { from: "/eth2", to: "/upgrades/" },
-  {
-    from: "/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups",
-    to: "/developers/docs/scaling",
-  },
-  { from: "/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling", to: "/layer-2/" },
-  { from: "/about/web-developer", to: "/about/#open-jobs" },
-  { from: "/about/product-designer", to: "/about/#open-jobs" },
-  { from: "/use", to: "/apps/" },
-  { from: "/dapps", to: "/apps/" },
-  {
-    from: "/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide",
-    to: "/contributing/translation-program/faq/",
-  },
-  {
-    from: "/contributing/translation-program/content-versions",
-    to: "/contributing/translation-program/",
-  },
-  {
-    from: "/contributing/translation-program/content-buckets",
-    to: "/contributing/translation-program/",
-  },
-  {
-    from: "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/source-code-verification",
-    to: "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/verifying/",
-  },
-  {
-    from: "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts",
-    to: "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/",
-  },
-  { from: "/writing-cohort", to: "https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/" },
-  { from: "/staking/withdraws", to: "/staking/withdrawals/" },
-  {
-    from: "/guides/how-to-register-an-ethereum-account",
-    to: "/guides/how-to-create-an-ethereum-account/",
-  },
-  { from: "/deprecated-software", to: "/apps/" },
-  { from: "/enterprise/private-ethereum", to: "/enterprise/" },
-  { from: "/dashboards", to: "/resources" },
-  { from: "/tds", to: "/trillion-dollar-security" },
-  { from: "/10-years", to: "/10years" },
-  { from: "/history", to: "/ethereum-forks" },
-]
-
-// Build regex patterns for both non-prefixed and locale-prefixed paths
-const redirects = redirectPatterns.flatMap(
-  ({ from, to, type = 301 }: Redirect) => [
-    // Non-prefixed version (e.g., /cli)
-    {
-      from: new RegExp(`^${from}/?$`),
-      to,
-      type,
-    },
-    // Locale-prefixed version (e.g., /es/cli)
-    {
-      from: new RegExp(`^/(${LOCALE_ALTS})${from}/?$`),
-      to: `/$1${to}`,
-      type,
-    },
-  ]
-)
-
 export default function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
   // Normalize to lowercase paths site-wide (URLs are case-insensitive by spec,
   // but our routes are defined in lowercase). Do this BEFORE i18n routing.
@@ -152,23 +17,7 @@ export default function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
     return NextResponse.redirect(url, 301)
   }
 
-  // Apply custom redirects BEFORE i18n routing
-  for (const rule of redirects) {
-    if (rule.from.test(lowerPath)) {
-      const replaced = lowerPath.replace(rule.from, rule.to)
-
-      // External targets (e.g., discord invite)
-      if (replaced.startsWith("http://") || replaced.startsWith("https://")) {
-        return NextResponse.redirect(replaced, rule.type)
-      }
-
-      // Internal targets
-      const url = request.nextUrl.clone()
-      url.pathname = replaced
-      return NextResponse.redirect(url, rule.type)
-    }
-  }
-
+  // Handle i18n routing
   const response = handleI18nRouting(request)
 
   // Upgrade default-locale strip redirects from 307 to 301 for SEO
@@ -188,5 +37,5 @@ export default function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
 
 // Simplified matcher pattern
 export const config = {
-  matcher: ["/((?!api|_next|_vercel|.well-known|.*\\.(?!html$)[^/]+$).*)"],
+  matcher: ["/((?!api|_next|_vercel|.well-known|.*\\.[^/]*$).*)"],
 }
diff --git a/next.config.js b/next.config.js
index 07b4140bf75..2b2bee3a299 100644
--- a/next.config.js
+++ b/next.config.js
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const createNextIntlPlugin = require("next-intl/plugin")
 
 const { withSentryConfig } = require("@sentry/nextjs")
 
+const i18nConfigJson = require("./i18n.config.json")
+
 const withNextIntl = createNextIntlPlugin()
 
 const LIMIT_CPUS = Number(process.env.LIMIT_CPUS ?? 2)
@@ -135,6 +137,146 @@ module.exports = (phase, { defaultConfig }) => {
         },
       ]
     },
+    async redirects() {
+      // Build a strict locale matcher from configured locales
+      const LOCALE_ALTS = i18nConfigJson.map(({ code }) => code).join("|") // e.g. "en|es|fr|..."
+
+      // Helper function to generate both English (no prefix) and locale-prefixed redirects
+      const createRedirect = (from, to, permanent = true) => {
+        // For external URLs, don't modify the destination
+        const isExternal = to.startsWith("http")
+
+        // English / default-locale: no prefix in source or destination
+        const defaultRedirect = {
+          source: `${from}`,
+          destination: to,
+          permanent,
+        }
+
+        // Locale-prefixed: only match allowed locales (prevents matching arbitrary segments)
+        const localeRedirect = {
+          source: `/:locale(${LOCALE_ALTS})${from}`,
+          destination: isExternal ? to : `/:locale${to}`,
+          permanent,
+        }
+
+        return [defaultRedirect, localeRedirect]
+      }
+
+      return [
+        // Custom locale aliases redirects
+        { source: "/no/:path*", destination: "/nb/:path*", permanent: true },
+        { source: "/ph/:path*", destination: "/fil/:path*", permanent: true },
+
+        // All redirects ([from, to, permanent? (default true)])
+        ...[
+          ["/discord", "https://discord.gg/ethereum-org"],
+          ["/writing-cohort", "https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/"],
+          ["/pdfs/:path*", "/"],
+          ["/brand", "/assets/"],
+          ["/ethereum.html", "/what-is-ethereum/"],
+          ["/ether", "/what-is-ether/"],
+          ["/eth", "/what-is-ether/"],
+          ["/token", "/developers/"],
+          ["/crowdsale", "/developers/"],
+          ["/cli", "/developers/"],
+          ["/greeter", "/developers/"],
+          ["/roadmap/vision", "/roadmap/"],
+          ["/search", "/"],
+          ["/garden", "/roadmap/"],
+          ["/download", "/wallets/find-wallet/"],
+          ["/how", "/guides/"],
+          ["/content/:path*", "/:path*"],
+          ["/nfts", "/nft/"],
+          ["/daos", "/dao/"],
+          ["/layer2", "/layer-2/"],
+          ["/grants", "/community/grants/"],
+          ["/java", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/"],
+          ["/python", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/"],
+          ["/javascript", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/"],
+          ["/golang", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/"],
+          ["/rust", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/"],
+          ["/dot-net", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/"],
+          ["/delphi", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/"],
+          ["/dart", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/"],
+          ["/languages", "/community/language-resources/"],
+          [
+            "/developers/docs/mining",
+            "/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/",
+          ],
+          ["/beginners", "/what-is-ethereum/"],
+          ["/build", "/developers/learning-tools/"],
+          ["/eth2/beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
+          ["/eth2/the-beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
+          ["/upgrades/the-beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
+          ["/eth2/merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+          ["/eth2/the-merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+          ["/upgrades/the-merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+          ["/eth2/docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+          ["/upgrades/docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+          ["/eth2/the-docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+          ["/upgrades/the-docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+          ["/eth2/shard-chains", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
+          ["/upgrades/shard-chains", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
+          ["/upgrades/sharding", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
+          ["/upgrades/merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+          ["/upgrades/merge/issuance", "/roadmap/merge/issuance"],
+          ["/upgrades/beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain"],
+          ["/upgrades/vision", "/roadmap/"],
+          ["/upgrades", "/roadmap"],
+          ["/upgrades/get-involved", "/contributing"],
+          ["/eth2/staking", "/staking/"],
+          ["/eth2/vision", "/roadmap/vision/"],
+          ["/eth2/get-involved", "/upgrades/get-involved/"],
+          ["/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty", "/bug-bounty/"],
+          ["/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty", "/bug-bounty/"],
+          ["/eth2/deposit-contract", "/staking/deposit-contract/"],
+          ["/eth2", "/upgrades/"],
+          [
+            "/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups",
+            "/developers/docs/scaling",
+          ],
+          ["/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling", "/layer-2/"],
+          ["/about/web-developer", "/about/#open-jobs"],
+          ["/about/product-designer", "/about/#open-jobs"],
+          ["/use", "/apps/"],
+          ["/dapps", "/apps/"],
+          [
+            "/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide",
+            "/contributing/translation-program/faq/",
+          ],
+          [
+            "/contributing/translation-program/content-versions",
+            "/contributing/translation-program/",
+          ],
+          [
+            "/contributing/translation-program/content-buckets",
+            "/contributing/translation-program/",
+          ],
+          [
+            "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/source-code-verification",
+            "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/verifying/",
+          ],
+          [
+            "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts",
+            "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/",
+          ],
+          ["/staking/withdraws", "/staking/withdrawals/"],
+          [
+            "/guides/how-to-register-an-ethereum-account",
+            "/guides/how-to-create-an-ethereum-account/",
+          ],
+          ["/deprecated-software", "/apps/"],
+          ["/enterprise/private-ethereum", "/enterprise/"],
+          ["/dashboards", "/resources"],
+          ["/tds", "/trillion-dollar-security"],
+          ["/10-years", "/10years"],
+          ["/history", "/ethereum-forks"],
+        ].flatMap(([from, to, permanent]) =>
+          createRedirect(from, to, permanent)
+        ),
+      ]
+    },
   }
 
   nextConfig = {

From 923f76e87496b3715f2f6cc65b60004d77c1447f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2025 13:16:56 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] patch: redirect destinations

---
 next.config.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/next.config.js b/next.config.js
index 2b2bee3a299..635b0d90cf2 100644
--- a/next.config.js
+++ b/next.config.js
@@ -227,11 +227,11 @@ module.exports = (phase, { defaultConfig }) => {
           ["/upgrades/get-involved", "/contributing"],
           ["/eth2/staking", "/staking/"],
           ["/eth2/vision", "/roadmap/vision/"],
-          ["/eth2/get-involved", "/upgrades/get-involved/"],
+          ["/eth2/get-involved", "/contributing/"],
           ["/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty", "/bug-bounty/"],
           ["/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty", "/bug-bounty/"],
           ["/eth2/deposit-contract", "/staking/deposit-contract/"],
-          ["/eth2", "/upgrades/"],
+          ["/eth2", "/roadmap/"],
           [
             "/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups",
             "/developers/docs/scaling",

From 9f8dc518e95364a40c05b61d3869941401d211bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2025 13:30:41 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] patch: redundant string interpolation

---
 next.config.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/next.config.js b/next.config.js
index 635b0d90cf2..7d810561c46 100644
--- a/next.config.js
+++ b/next.config.js
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ module.exports = (phase, { defaultConfig }) => {
 
         // English / default-locale: no prefix in source or destination
         const defaultRedirect = {
-          source: `${from}`,
+          source: from,
           destination: to,
           permanent,
         }

From ebc820841ebade74939328f743a86f5b24aa81c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2025 13:52:22 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] refactor: variable naming

---
 next.config.js | 14 +++++---------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/next.config.js b/next.config.js
index 7d810561c46..cd7ced3d50c 100644
--- a/next.config.js
+++ b/next.config.js
@@ -142,21 +142,17 @@ module.exports = (phase, { defaultConfig }) => {
       const LOCALE_ALTS = i18nConfigJson.map(({ code }) => code).join("|") // e.g. "en|es|fr|..."
 
       // Helper function to generate both English (no prefix) and locale-prefixed redirects
-      const createRedirect = (from, to, permanent = true) => {
+      const createRedirect = (source, destination, permanent = true) => {
         // For external URLs, don't modify the destination
-        const isExternal = to.startsWith("http")
+        const isExternal = destination.startsWith("http")
 
         // English / default-locale: no prefix in source or destination
-        const defaultRedirect = {
-          source: from,
-          destination: to,
-          permanent,
-        }
+        const defaultRedirect = { source, destination, permanent }
 
         // Locale-prefixed: only match allowed locales (prevents matching arbitrary segments)
         const localeRedirect = {
-          source: `/:locale(${LOCALE_ALTS})${from}`,
-          destination: isExternal ? to : `/:locale${to}`,
+          source: `/:locale(${LOCALE_ALTS})${source}`,
+          destination: isExternal ? destination : `/:locale${destination}`,
           permanent,
         }
 

From 97f545de902199c687e5654cad6677af96d87035 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Wackerow <54227730+wackerow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2025 13:57:31 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] refactor: move redirects to redirects.config.js

---
 next.config.js      | 111 ++------------------------------------------
 redirects.config.js | 104 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 109 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 redirects.config.js

diff --git a/next.config.js b/next.config.js
index cd7ced3d50c..7a70e377634 100644
--- a/next.config.js
+++ b/next.config.js
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const createNextIntlPlugin = require("next-intl/plugin")
 
 const { withSentryConfig } = require("@sentry/nextjs")
 
+const redirects = require("./redirects.config")
+
 const i18nConfigJson = require("./i18n.config.json")
 
 const withNextIntl = createNextIntlPlugin()
@@ -164,112 +166,9 @@ module.exports = (phase, { defaultConfig }) => {
         { source: "/no/:path*", destination: "/nb/:path*", permanent: true },
         { source: "/ph/:path*", destination: "/fil/:path*", permanent: true },
 
-        // All redirects ([from, to, permanent? (default true)])
-        ...[
-          ["/discord", "https://discord.gg/ethereum-org"],
-          ["/writing-cohort", "https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/"],
-          ["/pdfs/:path*", "/"],
-          ["/brand", "/assets/"],
-          ["/ethereum.html", "/what-is-ethereum/"],
-          ["/ether", "/what-is-ether/"],
-          ["/eth", "/what-is-ether/"],
-          ["/token", "/developers/"],
-          ["/crowdsale", "/developers/"],
-          ["/cli", "/developers/"],
-          ["/greeter", "/developers/"],
-          ["/roadmap/vision", "/roadmap/"],
-          ["/search", "/"],
-          ["/garden", "/roadmap/"],
-          ["/download", "/wallets/find-wallet/"],
-          ["/how", "/guides/"],
-          ["/content/:path*", "/:path*"],
-          ["/nfts", "/nft/"],
-          ["/daos", "/dao/"],
-          ["/layer2", "/layer-2/"],
-          ["/grants", "/community/grants/"],
-          ["/java", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/"],
-          ["/python", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/"],
-          ["/javascript", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/"],
-          ["/golang", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/"],
-          ["/rust", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/"],
-          ["/dot-net", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/"],
-          ["/delphi", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/"],
-          ["/dart", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/"],
-          ["/languages", "/community/language-resources/"],
-          [
-            "/developers/docs/mining",
-            "/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/",
-          ],
-          ["/beginners", "/what-is-ethereum/"],
-          ["/build", "/developers/learning-tools/"],
-          ["/eth2/beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
-          ["/eth2/the-beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
-          ["/upgrades/the-beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
-          ["/eth2/merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
-          ["/eth2/the-merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
-          ["/upgrades/the-merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
-          ["/eth2/docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
-          ["/upgrades/docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
-          ["/eth2/the-docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
-          ["/upgrades/the-docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
-          ["/eth2/shard-chains", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
-          ["/upgrades/shard-chains", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
-          ["/upgrades/sharding", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
-          ["/upgrades/merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
-          ["/upgrades/merge/issuance", "/roadmap/merge/issuance"],
-          ["/upgrades/beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain"],
-          ["/upgrades/vision", "/roadmap/"],
-          ["/upgrades", "/roadmap"],
-          ["/upgrades/get-involved", "/contributing"],
-          ["/eth2/staking", "/staking/"],
-          ["/eth2/vision", "/roadmap/vision/"],
-          ["/eth2/get-involved", "/contributing/"],
-          ["/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty", "/bug-bounty/"],
-          ["/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty", "/bug-bounty/"],
-          ["/eth2/deposit-contract", "/staking/deposit-contract/"],
-          ["/eth2", "/roadmap/"],
-          [
-            "/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups",
-            "/developers/docs/scaling",
-          ],
-          ["/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling", "/layer-2/"],
-          ["/about/web-developer", "/about/#open-jobs"],
-          ["/about/product-designer", "/about/#open-jobs"],
-          ["/use", "/apps/"],
-          ["/dapps", "/apps/"],
-          [
-            "/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide",
-            "/contributing/translation-program/faq/",
-          ],
-          [
-            "/contributing/translation-program/content-versions",
-            "/contributing/translation-program/",
-          ],
-          [
-            "/contributing/translation-program/content-buckets",
-            "/contributing/translation-program/",
-          ],
-          [
-            "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/source-code-verification",
-            "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/verifying/",
-          ],
-          [
-            "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts",
-            "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/",
-          ],
-          ["/staking/withdraws", "/staking/withdrawals/"],
-          [
-            "/guides/how-to-register-an-ethereum-account",
-            "/guides/how-to-create-an-ethereum-account/",
-          ],
-          ["/deprecated-software", "/apps/"],
-          ["/enterprise/private-ethereum", "/enterprise/"],
-          ["/dashboards", "/resources"],
-          ["/tds", "/trillion-dollar-security"],
-          ["/10-years", "/10years"],
-          ["/history", "/ethereum-forks"],
-        ].flatMap(([from, to, permanent]) =>
-          createRedirect(from, to, permanent)
+        // All primary redirects
+        ...redirects.flatMap(([source, destination, permanent]) =>
+          createRedirect(source, destination, permanent)
         ),
       ]
     },
diff --git a/redirects.config.js b/redirects.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b971f002df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/redirects.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// All primary redirects ([source, destination, permanent? (default true)])
+
+/** @type { [string, string, boolean | undefined][] } */
+module.exports = [
+  ["/discord", "https://discord.gg/ethereum-org"],
+  ["/writing-cohort", "https://ethereumwriterscohort.carrd.co/"],
+  ["/pdfs/:path*", "/"],
+  ["/brand", "/assets/"],
+  ["/ethereum.html", "/what-is-ethereum/"],
+  ["/ether", "/what-is-ether/"],
+  ["/eth", "/what-is-ether/"],
+  ["/token", "/developers/"],
+  ["/crowdsale", "/developers/"],
+  ["/cli", "/developers/"],
+  ["/greeter", "/developers/"],
+  ["/roadmap/vision", "/roadmap/"],
+  ["/search", "/"],
+  ["/garden", "/roadmap/"],
+  ["/download", "/wallets/find-wallet/"],
+  ["/how", "/guides/"],
+  ["/content/:path*", "/:path*"],
+  ["/nfts", "/nft/"],
+  ["/daos", "/dao/"],
+  ["/layer2", "/layer-2/"],
+  ["/grants", "/community/grants/"],
+  ["/java", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/java/"],
+  ["/python", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/python/"],
+  ["/javascript", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/javascript/"],
+  ["/golang", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/golang/"],
+  ["/rust", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/rust/"],
+  ["/dot-net", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dot-net/"],
+  ["/delphi", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/delphi/"],
+  ["/dart", "/developers/docs/programming-languages/dart/"],
+  ["/languages", "/community/language-resources/"],
+  [
+    "/developers/docs/mining",
+    "/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining/",
+  ],
+  ["/beginners", "/what-is-ethereum/"],
+  ["/build", "/developers/learning-tools/"],
+  ["/eth2/beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
+  ["/eth2/the-beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
+  ["/upgrades/the-beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain/"],
+  ["/eth2/merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+  ["/eth2/the-merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+  ["/upgrades/the-merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+  ["/eth2/docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+  ["/upgrades/docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+  ["/eth2/the-docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+  ["/upgrades/the-docking", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+  ["/eth2/shard-chains", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
+  ["/upgrades/shard-chains", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
+  ["/upgrades/sharding", "/roadmap/danksharding/"],
+  ["/upgrades/merge", "/roadmap/merge/"],
+  ["/upgrades/merge/issuance", "/roadmap/merge/issuance"],
+  ["/upgrades/beacon-chain", "/roadmap/beacon-chain"],
+  ["/upgrades/vision", "/roadmap/"],
+  ["/upgrades", "/roadmap"],
+  ["/upgrades/get-involved", "/contributing"],
+  ["/eth2/staking", "/staking/"],
+  ["/eth2/vision", "/roadmap/vision/"],
+  ["/eth2/get-involved", "/contributing/"],
+  ["/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty", "/bug-bounty/"],
+  ["/upgrades/get-involved/bug-bounty", "/bug-bounty/"],
+  ["/eth2/deposit-contract", "/staking/deposit-contract/"],
+  ["/eth2", "/roadmap/"],
+  ["/developers/docs/scaling/layer-2-rollups", "/developers/docs/scaling"],
+  ["/developers/docs/layer-2-scaling", "/layer-2/"],
+  ["/about/web-developer", "/about/#open-jobs"],
+  ["/about/product-designer", "/about/#open-jobs"],
+  ["/use", "/apps/"],
+  ["/dapps", "/apps/"],
+  [
+    "/contributing/translation-program/translation-guide",
+    "/contributing/translation-program/faq/",
+  ],
+  [
+    "/contributing/translation-program/content-versions",
+    "/contributing/translation-program/",
+  ],
+  [
+    "/contributing/translation-program/content-buckets",
+    "/contributing/translation-program/",
+  ],
+  [
+    "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/source-code-verification",
+    "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/verifying/",
+  ],
+  [
+    "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading-smart-contracts",
+    "/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/",
+  ],
+  ["/staking/withdraws", "/staking/withdrawals/"],
+  [
+    "/guides/how-to-register-an-ethereum-account",
+    "/guides/how-to-create-an-ethereum-account/",
+  ],
+  ["/deprecated-software", "/apps/"],
+  ["/enterprise/private-ethereum", "/enterprise/"],
+  ["/dashboards", "/resources"],
+  ["/tds", "/trillion-dollar-security"],
+  ["/10-years", "/10years"],
+  ["/history", "/ethereum-forks"],
+]