diff --git a/tests/core/pyspec/eth_consensus_specs/test/gloas/fork_choice/test_on_payload_attestation_message.py b/tests/core/pyspec/eth_consensus_specs/test/gloas/fork_choice/test_on_payload_attestation_message.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..86091cbce82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/pyspec/eth_consensus_specs/test/gloas/fork_choice/test_on_payload_attestation_message.py
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+from eth_consensus_specs.test.context import (
+    spec_state_test,
+    with_gloas_and_later,
+)
+from eth_consensus_specs.test.helpers.block import (
+    build_empty_block_for_next_slot,
+)
+from eth_consensus_specs.test.helpers.fork_choice import (
+    add_payload_attestation_message,
+    add_payload_vote_checks,
+    get_genesis_forkchoice_store_and_block,
+    on_tick_and_append_step,
+    tick_and_add_block,
+)
+from eth_consensus_specs.test.helpers.keys import privkeys
+from eth_consensus_specs.test.helpers.state import (
+    state_transition_and_sign_block,
+)
+
+
+def _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+    spec,
+    state,
+    block_root,
+    validator_index,
+    payload_present=True,
+    blob_data_available=True,
+    slot=None,
+):
+    """
+    Build a signed PayloadAttestationMessage for a given block root and validator.
+    """
+    if slot is None:
+        slot = state.slot
+    data = spec.PayloadAttestationData(
+        beacon_block_root=block_root,
+        slot=slot,
+        payload_present=payload_present,
+        blob_data_available=blob_data_available,
+    )
+
+    domain = spec.get_domain(state, spec.DOMAIN_PTC_ATTESTER, spec.compute_epoch_at_slot(data.slot))
+    signing_root = spec.compute_signing_root(data, domain)
+    signature = spec.bls.Sign(privkeys[validator_index], signing_root)
+
+    return spec.PayloadAttestationMessage(
+        validator_index=validator_index,
+        data=data,
+        signature=signature,
+    )
+
+
+def _move_store_to_slot(spec, store, slot, test_steps):
+    slot_time = store.genesis_time + slot * (spec.config.SLOT_DURATION_MS // 1000)
+    if store.time < slot_time:
+        on_tick_and_append_step(spec, store, slot_time, test_steps)
+
+
+def _setup_test(spec, state):
+    test_steps = []
+
+    # Build genesis store
+    store, anchor_block = get_genesis_forkchoice_store_and_block(spec, state)
+    yield "anchor_state", state
+    yield "anchor_block", anchor_block
+    current_time = state.slot * (spec.config.SLOT_DURATION_MS // 1000) + store.genesis_time
+    on_tick_and_append_step(spec, store, current_time, test_steps)
+
+    # Apply one block at slot 1
+    block = build_empty_block_for_next_slot(spec, state)
+    signed_block = state_transition_and_sign_block(spec, state, block)
+    yield from tick_and_add_block(spec, store, signed_block, test_steps)
+    block_root = signed_block.message.hash_tree_root()
+    block_state = store.block_states[block_root]
+    ptc = spec.get_ptc(block_state, block_state.slot)
+    assert len(ptc) > 0
+
+    _move_store_to_slot(spec, store, block_state.slot, test_steps)
+    return store, block_root, block_state, ptc, test_steps
+
+
+@with_gloas_and_later
+@spec_state_test
+def test_on_payload_attestation_message_unknown_block_root(spec, state):
+    """
+    Test that messages for an unknown beacon_block_root are rejected.
+    """
+    store, block_root, block_state, ptc, test_steps = yield from _setup_test(spec, state)
+
+    # Sign the message over an unknown block root
+    unknown_root = spec.Root(b"\xff" * 32)
+    ptc_message = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        unknown_root,
+        ptc[0],
+        payload_present=True,
+    )
+
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        store,
+        ptc_message,
+        test_steps,
+        valid=False,
+    )
+
+    # Vote arrays for the known block must remain at their default values
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root])
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root])
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+
+    yield "steps", test_steps
+
+
+@with_gloas_and_later
+@spec_state_test
+def test_on_payload_attestation_message_slot_mismatch(spec, state):
+    """
+    Test that a message whose slot doesn't match the block's slot is dropped without error.
+    """
+    store, block_root, block_state, ptc, test_steps = yield from _setup_test(spec, state)
+
+    # Build message signed over a mismatching slot
+    ptc_message = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        block_root,
+        ptc[0],
+        payload_present=True,
+        slot=spec.Slot(block_state.slot + 1),
+    )
+
+    # Spec function runs without error but returns early on the slot mismatch
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(spec, store, ptc_message, test_steps)
+
+    # Vote arrays must remain at their default values
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root])
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root])
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+
+    yield "steps", test_steps
+
+
+@with_gloas_and_later
+@spec_state_test
+def test_on_payload_attestation_message_not_ptc_member(spec, state):
+    """
+    Test that a message from a validator outside the PTC is rejected.
+    """
+    store, block_root, block_state, ptc, test_steps = yield from _setup_test(spec, state)
+
+    # Pick a validator outside the PTC
+    ptc_set = set(ptc)
+    non_ptc_member = next(i for i in range(len(state.validators)) if i not in ptc_set)
+    ptc_message = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        block_root,
+        non_ptc_member,
+        payload_present=True,
+    )
+
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        store,
+        ptc_message,
+        test_steps,
+        valid=False,
+    )
+
+    # Assert rejected message didn't mutate the block vote arrays
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root])
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root])
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+
+    yield "steps", test_steps
+
+
+@with_gloas_and_later
+@spec_state_test
+def test_on_payload_attestation_message_current_slot_and_signature(spec, state):
+    """
+    Test that current slot and signature checks reject invalid messages.
+    """
+    store, block_root, block_state, ptc, test_steps = yield from _setup_test(spec, state)
+
+    # Bad signature
+    invalid_sig_msg = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        block_root,
+        ptc[0],
+        payload_present=True,
+    )
+    invalid_sig_msg.signature = spec.BLSSignature()
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        store,
+        invalid_sig_msg,
+        test_steps,
+        valid=False,
+    )
+
+    # Vote arrays must remain at their default values
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root])
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root])
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+
+    # Valid signature, stale slot
+    valid_msg = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        block_root,
+        ptc[0],
+        payload_present=True,
+    )
+    _move_store_to_slot(spec, store, block_state.slot + 1, test_steps)
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        store,
+        valid_msg,
+        test_steps,
+        valid=False,
+    )
+
+    # Rejected message must not partially mutate vote arrays
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root])
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root])
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+
+    yield "steps", test_steps
+
+
+@with_gloas_and_later
+@spec_state_test
+def test_on_payload_attestation_message_valid(spec, state):
+    """
+    Test that valid messages update attestations.
+    """
+    store, block_root, block_state, ptc, test_steps = yield from _setup_test(spec, state)
+
+    # Initial state: no votes recorded for this block
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root])
+    assert all(v == None for v in store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root])
+
+    ptc_member = ptc[0]
+    voter_positions = [i for i, v in enumerate(ptc) if v == ptc_member]
+    other_positions = [i for i in range(len(ptc)) if i not in voter_positions]
+
+    # Attest both values
+    msg_1 = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        block_root,
+        ptc_member,
+        payload_present=True,
+        blob_data_available=True,
+    )
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(spec, store, msg_1, test_steps)
+
+    for i in voter_positions:
+        assert store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root][i] == True
+        assert store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root][i] == True
+    for i in other_positions:
+        assert store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root][i] == None
+        assert store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root][i] == None
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+
+    # Re-vote with both fields False
+    msg_2 = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        block_root,
+        ptc_member,
+        payload_present=False,
+        blob_data_available=False,
+    )
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(spec, store, msg_2, test_steps)
+
+    for i in voter_positions:
+        assert store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root][i] == False
+        assert store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root][i] == False
+    for i in other_positions:
+        assert store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root][i] == None
+        assert store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root][i] == None
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+
+    yield "steps", test_steps
+
+
+@with_gloas_and_later
+@spec_state_test
+def test_on_payload_attestation_message_multiple_ptc_members_vote_independently(spec, state):
+    """
+    Test that two different PTC members voting for the same block update independent vote sets.
+    """
+    # Set two different validators on the PTC
+    block_slot = state.slot + 1
+    window_idx = spec.SLOTS_PER_EPOCH + block_slot % spec.SLOTS_PER_EPOCH
+    state.ptc_window[window_idx][0] = spec.ValidatorIndex(0)
+    state.ptc_window[window_idx][1] = spec.ValidatorIndex(1)
+
+    store, block_root, block_state, ptc, test_steps = yield from _setup_test(spec, state)
+
+    ptc_member_a = ptc[0]
+    ptc_member_b = ptc[1]
+    assert ptc_member_a != ptc_member_b
+
+    # Compute every position each validator appears at
+    positions_a = [i for i, v in enumerate(ptc) if v == ptc_member_a]
+    positions_b = [i for i, v in enumerate(ptc) if v == ptc_member_b]
+    other_positions = [i for i in range(len(ptc)) if i not in positions_a and i not in positions_b]
+
+    msg_a = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        block_root,
+        ptc_member_a,
+        payload_present=True,
+        blob_data_available=True,
+    )
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(spec, store, msg_a, test_steps)
+
+    msg_b = _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+        spec,
+        block_state,
+        block_root,
+        ptc_member_b,
+        payload_present=True,
+        blob_data_available=False,
+    )
+    yield from add_payload_attestation_message(spec, store, msg_b, test_steps)
+
+    timeliness = store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root]
+    availability = store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root]
+
+    # Validator A's votes landed at every position A occupies
+    for i in positions_a:
+        assert timeliness[i] == True
+        assert availability[i] == True
+
+    # Validator B's votes landed at every position B occupies
+    for i in positions_b:
+        assert timeliness[i] == True
+        assert availability[i] == False
+
+    # Other positions stayed at their default values
+    for i in other_positions:
+        assert timeliness[i] == None
+        assert availability[i] == None
+
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+
+    yield "steps", test_steps
+
+
+@with_gloas_and_later
+@spec_state_test
+def test_on_payload_attestation_message_from_block(spec, state):
+    """
+    Test that a PayloadAttestation included in a block updates the vote arrays
+    """
+    store, block_root, block_state, ptc, test_steps = yield from _setup_test(spec, state)
+
+    # Pick a subset of the PTC to vote
+    ptc_list = list(ptc)
+    voters = ptc_list[:3]
+    voter_set = set(voters)
+
+    # Build the validator messages
+    ptc_messages = []
+    for validator_index in voters:
+        ptc_messages.append(
+            _build_signed_payload_attestation_message(
+                spec,
+                block_state,
+                block_root,
+                validator_index,
+                payload_present=True,
+                blob_data_available=True,
+            )
+        )
+
+    # Build the PayloadAttestation aggregate
+    aggregation_bits = spec.Bitvector[spec.PTC_SIZE]()
+    for i, validator_index in enumerate(ptc_list):
+        if validator_index in voter_set:
+            aggregation_bits[i] = True
+
+    sig_by_index = {m.validator_index: m.signature for m in ptc_messages}
+    aggregate_sig = spec.bls.Aggregate([sig_by_index[v] for v in ptc_list if v in voter_set])
+
+    aggregate = spec.PayloadAttestation(
+        aggregation_bits=aggregation_bits,
+        data=ptc_messages[0].data,
+        signature=aggregate_sig,
+    )
+
+    # Build the next block and add the aggregate
+    block_n1 = build_empty_block_for_next_slot(spec, state)
+    block_n1.body.payload_attestations.append(aggregate)
+    signed_block_n1 = state_transition_and_sign_block(spec, state, block_n1)
+
+    # Apply block
+    yield from tick_and_add_block(spec, store, signed_block_n1, test_steps)
+
+    # Votes landed at every PTC position each voter occupies
+    for i, validator_index in enumerate(ptc_list):
+        if validator_index in voter_set:
+            assert store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root][i] == True
+            assert store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root][i] == True
+        else:
+            assert store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root][i] == None
+            assert store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root][i] == None
+
+    add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps)
+    yield "steps", test_steps
diff --git a/tests/core/pyspec/eth_consensus_specs/test/helpers/fork_choice.py b/tests/core/pyspec/eth_consensus_specs/test/helpers/fork_choice.py
index 061a9a0cf96..19479154208 100644
--- a/tests/core/pyspec/eth_consensus_specs/test/helpers/fork_choice.py
+++ b/tests/core/pyspec/eth_consensus_specs/test/helpers/fork_choice.py
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ def get_sidecar_file_name(sidecar: DataColumnSidecar) -> str:
 
 
 def get_payload_attestation_message_file_name(ptc_message):
-    return f"payload_attestation_{encode_hex(ptc_message.hash_tree_root())}"
+    return f"payload_attestation_message_{encode_hex(ptc_message.hash_tree_root())}"
 
 
 def on_tick_and_append_step(spec, store, time, test_steps):
@@ -498,13 +498,34 @@ def add_payload_attestation_message(spec, store, ptc_message, test_steps, valid=
     ptc_file_name = get_payload_attestation_message_file_name(ptc_message)
     yield ptc_file_name, ptc_message
 
+    run_on_payload_attestation_message(spec, store, ptc_message, valid=valid)
+    step = {"payload_attestation_message": ptc_file_name}
+
     if not valid:
-        expect_assertion_error(lambda: spec.on_payload_attestation_message(store, ptc_message))
-        test_steps.append({"payload_attestation": ptc_file_name, "valid": False})
-        return
+        step["valid"] = False
+    test_steps.append(step)
+
 
-    run_on_payload_attestation_message(spec, store, ptc_message)
-    test_steps.append({"payload_attestation": ptc_file_name})
+def add_payload_vote_checks(store, block_root, test_steps):
+    timeliness = [None if v is None else bool(v) for v in store.payload_timeliness_vote[block_root]]
+    availability = [
+        None if v is None else bool(v) for v in store.payload_data_availability_vote[block_root]
+    ]
+
+    test_steps.append(
+        {
+            "checks": {
+                "payload_timeliness_vote": {
+                    "block_root": encode_hex(block_root),
+                    "votes": timeliness,
+                },
+                "payload_data_availability_vote": {
+                    "block_root": encode_hex(block_root),
+                    "votes": availability,
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    )
 
 
 def _get_head_root(spec, store):
diff --git a/tests/formats/fork_choice/README.md b/tests/formats/fork_choice/README.md
index 78bfaa667e8..e3e81f746da 100644
--- a/tests/formats/fork_choice/README.md
+++ b/tests/formats/fork_choice/README.md
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ components of the fork choice.
     - [`on_attester_slashing` execution step](#on_attester_slashing-execution-step)
     - [`on_payload_info` execution step](#on_payload_info-execution-step)
     - [`on_execution_payload_envelope` execution step](#on_execution_payload_envelope-execution-step)
-    - [`on_payload_attestation` execution step](#on_payload_attestation-execution-step)
+    - [`on_payload_attestation_message` execution step](#on_payload_attestation_message-execution-step)
     - [Checks step](#checks-step)
   - [`attestation_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy`](#attestation_32-byte-rootssz_snappy)
   - [`block_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy`](#block_32-byte-rootssz_snappy)
   - [`execution_payload_envelope_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy`](#execution_payload_envelope_32-byte-rootssz_snappy)
-  - [`payload_attestation_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy`](#payload_attestation_32-byte-rootssz_snappy)
+  - [`payload_attestation_message_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy`](#payload_attestation_message_32-byte-rootssz_snappy)
 - [Condition](#condition)
 
 <!-- mdformat-toc end -->
@@ -202,17 +202,17 @@ The file is located in the same folder (see below).
 
 After this step, the `store` object may have been updated.
 
-#### `on_payload_attestation` execution step
+#### `on_payload_attestation_message` execution step
 
 The parameter that is required for executing
 `on_payload_attestation_message(store, ptc_message)`.
 
 ```yaml
 {
-    payload_attestation: string  -- the name of the `payload_attestation_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy` file.
-                                   To execute `on_payload_attestation_message(store, ptc_message)` with the given message.
-    valid: bool                  -- optional, default to `true`.
-                                   If it's `false`, this execution step is expected to be invalid.
+    payload_attestation_message: string  -- the name of the `payload_attestation_message_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy` file.
+                                            To execute `on_payload_attestation_message(store, ptc_message)` with the given message.
+    valid: bool                          -- optional, default to `true`.
+                                            If it's `false`, this execution step is expected to be invalid.
 }
 ```
 
@@ -267,6 +267,14 @@ should_override_forkchoice_update: {  -- [New in Bellatrix]
     result: bool,                     -- The result of `should_override_forkchoice_update(store, head_root)`, where head_root is the result value from get_head(store)
 }
 head_payload_status: int              -- The payload_status field from the ForkChoiceNode returned by get_head(store)
+payload_timeliness_vote: {            -- [New in Gloas]
+    block_root: string,               -- Encoded 32-byte beacon block root
+    votes: [bool | null, ...]         -- Votes ordered by PTC positions. Length is `PTC_SIZE`.
+}
+payload_data_availability_vote: {     -- [New in Gloas]
+    block_root: string,               -- Encoded 32-byte beacon block root
+    votes: [bool | null, ...]         -- Votes ordered by PTC positions. Length is `PTC_SIZE`.
+}
 ```
 
 For example:
@@ -308,7 +316,7 @@ Each file is an SSZ-snappy encoded `SignedBeaconBlock`.
 
 Each file is an SSZ-snappy encoded `SignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope`.
 
-### `payload_attestation_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy`
+### `payload_attestation_message_<32-byte-root>.ssz_snappy`
 
 `<32-byte-root>` is the hash tree root of the given payload attestation message.
 
@@ -334,8 +342,8 @@ Each file is an SSZ-snappy encoded `PayloadAttestationMessage`.
      - For the `on_execution_payload_envelope` execution step: look up the
        corresponding `execution_payload_envelope_<root>.ssz_snappy` file and
        execute `on_execution_payload_envelope(store, signed_envelope)`.
-     - For the `on_payload_attestation` execution step: look up the
-       corresponding `payload_attestation_<root>.ssz_snappy` file and execute
-       `on_payload_attestation_message(store, ptc_message)`.
+     - For the `on_payload_attestation_message` execution step: look up the
+       corresponding `payload_attestation_message_<root>.ssz_snappy` file and
+       execute `on_payload_attestation_message(store, ptc_message)`.
    - For each `checks` step, the assertions on the current store must be
      satisfied.
diff --git a/tests/generators/compliance_runners/fork_choice/instantiators/test_case.py b/tests/generators/compliance_runners/fork_choice/instantiators/test_case.py
index 4235a27e7c5..bdf68cf19aa 100644
--- a/tests/generators/compliance_runners/fork_choice/instantiators/test_case.py
+++ b/tests/generators/compliance_runners/fork_choice/instantiators/test_case.py
@@ -360,7 +360,10 @@ def yield_test_parts(spec, store, test_data: FCTestData, events):
                                 event_data
                             )
                             test_steps.append(
-                                {"payload_attestation": _payload_attestation_id, "valid": True}
+                                {
+                                    "payload_attestation_message": _payload_attestation_id,
+                                    "valid": True,
+                                }
                             )
                         else:
                             assert False
@@ -404,7 +407,10 @@ def yield_test_parts(spec, store, test_data: FCTestData, events):
                             )
                             assert recovery
                             test_steps.append(
-                                {"payload_attestation": _payload_attestation_id, "valid": True}
+                                {
+                                    "payload_attestation_message": _payload_attestation_id,
+                                    "valid": True,
+                                }
                             )
                         else:
                             assert False
@@ -437,7 +443,7 @@ def yield_test_parts(spec, store, test_data: FCTestData, events):
             ptc_message = data
             ptc_message_id = get_payload_attestation_message_file_name(ptc_message)
             valid = scheduler.process_payload_attestation_message(ptc_message, is_from_block=False)
-            test_steps.append({"payload_attestation": ptc_message_id, "valid": valid})
+            test_steps.append({"payload_attestation_message": ptc_message_id, "valid": valid})
             output_store_checks(spec, store, test_steps)
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"not implemented {kind}")
diff --git a/tests/generators/compliance_runners/fork_choice/runner/test_run.py b/tests/generators/compliance_runners/fork_choice/runner/test_run.py
index 8e914f0de74..9eb78f967a3 100644
--- a/tests/generators/compliance_runners/fork_choice/runner/test_run.py
+++ b/tests/generators/compliance_runners/fork_choice/runner/test_run.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
+from eth_utils import decode_hex
 from ruamel.yaml import YAML
 from snappy import uncompress
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ def get_prefix(p):
         },
         {
             get_prefix(b): spec.PayloadAttestationMessage.decode_bytes(read_ssz_snappy(b))
-            for b in glob(f"{td}/payload_attestation_*.ssz_snappy")
+            for b in glob(f"{td}/payload_attestation_message_*.ssz_snappy")
         },
         read_yaml(f"{td}/steps.yaml"),
     )
@@ -136,8 +137,8 @@ def run_test(test_info):
                 expect_assertion_error(
                     lambda: spec.on_execution_payload_envelope(store, signed_envelope)
                 )
-        elif "payload_attestation" in step:
-            ptc_message_id = step["payload_attestation"]
+        elif "payload_attestation_message" in step:
+            ptc_message_id = step["payload_attestation_message"]
             valid = step.get("valid", True)
             ptc_message = payload_atts[ptc_message_id]
             if valid:
@@ -185,6 +186,9 @@ def get_head():
                 elif check == "head_payload_status":
                     head = get_head()
                     assert head.payload_status == value
+                elif check in ("payload_timeliness_vote", "payload_data_availability_vote"):
+                    target_root = spec.Root(decode_hex(value["block_root"]))
+                    assert list(getattr(store, check)[target_root]) == value["votes"]
                 else:
                     assert False
         else: