diff --git a/op-e2e/interop/supersystem.go b/op-e2e/interop/supersystem.go
index 8feb206d36d3f..b973a30d50cc6 100644
--- a/op-e2e/interop/supersystem.go
+++ b/op-e2e/interop/supersystem.go
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ func (s *interopE2ESystem) newL2(id string, l2Out *interopgen.L2Output) l2Set {
 func (s *interopE2ESystem) prepareSupervisor() *supervisor.SupervisorService {
 	// Be verbose with op-supervisor, it's in early test phase
 	logger := testlog.Logger(s.t, log.LevelDebug).New("role", "supervisor")
-	cfg := supervisorConfig.Config{
+	cfg := &supervisorConfig.Config{
 		MetricsConfig: metrics.CLIConfig{
 			Enabled: false,
 		},
@@ -441,9 +441,9 @@ func (s *interopE2ESystem) prepareSupervisor() *supervisor.SupervisorService {
 	depSet := &depset.StaticConfigDependencySet{
 		Dependencies: make(map[supervisortypes.ChainID]*depset.StaticConfigDependency),
 	}
-	for id := range s.l2s {
-		cfg.L2RPCs = append(cfg.L2RPCs, s.l2s[id].l2Geth.UserRPC().RPC())
-		chainID := supervisortypes.ChainIDFromBig(s.l2s[id].chainID)
+	// Iterate over the L2 chain configs. The L2 nodes don't exist yet.
+	for _, l2Out := range s.worldOutput.L2s {
+		chainID := supervisortypes.ChainIDFromBig(l2Out.Genesis.Config.ChainID)
 		depSet.Dependencies[chainID] = &depset.StaticConfigDependency{
 			ActivationTime: 0,
 			HistoryMinTime: 0,
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ func (s *interopE2ESystem) prepareSupervisor() *supervisor.SupervisorService {
 	}
 	cfg.DependencySetSource = depSet
 	// Create the supervisor with the configuration
-	super, err := supervisor.SupervisorFromConfig(context.Background(), &cfg, logger)
+	super, err := supervisor.SupervisorFromConfig(context.Background(), cfg, logger)
 	require.NoError(s.t, err)
 	// Start the supervisor
 	err = super.Start(context.Background())
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ func (s *interopE2ESystem) prepare(t *testing.T, w worldResourcePaths) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	for _, l2 := range s.l2s {
 		err := s.SupervisorClient().AddL2RPC(ctx, l2.l2Geth.UserRPC().RPC())
-		require.NoError(s.t, err, "failed to add L2 RPC to supervisor", "error", err)
+		require.NoError(s.t, err, "failed to add L2 RPC to supervisor")
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/op-supervisor/config/config.go b/op-supervisor/config/config.go
index e35db705ad9c3..b06d0592593bd 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/config/config.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/config/config.go
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	// MockRun runs the service with a mock backend
 	MockRun bool
 
+	// SynchronousProcessors disables background-workers,
+	// requiring manual triggers for the backend to process anything.
+	SynchronousProcessors bool
+
 	L2RPCs  []string
 	Datadir string
 }
diff --git a/op-supervisor/metrics/metrics.go b/op-supervisor/metrics/metrics.go
index e025d509ee287..0e6ca9a8da2c9 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/metrics/metrics.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/metrics/metrics.go
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package metrics
 
 import (
-	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 
 	opmetrics "github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/metrics"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
 )
 
 const Namespace = "op_supervisor"
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type Metricer interface {
 	CacheAdd(chainID types.ChainID, label string, cacheSize int, evicted bool)
 	CacheGet(chainID types.ChainID, label string, hit bool)
 
-	RecordDBEntryCount(chainID types.ChainID, count int64)
+	RecordDBEntryCount(chainID types.ChainID, kind string, count int64)
 	RecordDBSearchEntriesRead(chainID types.ChainID, count int64)
 
 	Document() []opmetrics.DocumentedMetric
@@ -106,9 +106,10 @@ func NewMetrics(procName string) *Metrics {
 		DBEntryCountVec: factory.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
 			Namespace: ns,
 			Name:      "logdb_entries_current",
-			Help:      "Current number of entries in the log database by chain ID",
+			Help:      "Current number of entries in the database of specified kind and chain ID",
 		}, []string{
 			"chain",
+			"kind",
 		}),
 		DBSearchEntriesReadVec: factory.NewHistogramVec(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
 			Namespace: ns,
@@ -159,8 +160,8 @@ func (m *Metrics) CacheGet(chainID types.ChainID, label string, hit bool) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *Metrics) RecordDBEntryCount(chainID types.ChainID, count int64) {
-	m.DBEntryCountVec.WithLabelValues(chainIDLabel(chainID)).Set(float64(count))
+func (m *Metrics) RecordDBEntryCount(chainID types.ChainID, kind string, count int64) {
+	m.DBEntryCountVec.WithLabelValues(chainIDLabel(chainID), kind).Set(float64(count))
 }
 
 func (m *Metrics) RecordDBSearchEntriesRead(chainID types.ChainID, count int64) {
diff --git a/op-supervisor/metrics/noop.go b/op-supervisor/metrics/noop.go
index 7fad61d4c15a1..7f162f6dc2b86 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/metrics/noop.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/metrics/noop.go
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ func (*noopMetrics) RecordUp()                 {}
 func (m *noopMetrics) CacheAdd(_ types.ChainID, _ string, _ int, _ bool) {}
 func (m *noopMetrics) CacheGet(_ types.ChainID, _ string, _ bool)        {}
 
-func (m *noopMetrics) RecordDBEntryCount(_ types.ChainID, _ int64)        {}
-func (m *noopMetrics) RecordDBSearchEntriesRead(_ types.ChainID, _ int64) {}
+func (m *noopMetrics) RecordDBEntryCount(_ types.ChainID, _ string, _ int64) {}
+func (m *noopMetrics) RecordDBSearchEntriesRead(_ types.ChainID, _ int64)    {}
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/backend.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/backend.go
index d223b017778c4..7a1eb2eaf78a1 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/backend.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/backend.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/config"
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db"
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/entrydb"
-	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs"
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset"
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/processors"
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/frontend"
@@ -36,13 +35,22 @@ type SupervisorBackend struct {
 	// Write = set of chains is changing.
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 
+	// depSet is the dependency set that the backend uses to know about the chains it is indexing
 	depSet depset.DependencySet
 
-	// db holds on to the DB indices for each chain
-	db *db.ChainsDB
+	// chainDBs holds on to the DB indices for each chain
+	chainDBs *db.ChainsDB
 
 	// chainProcessors are notified of new unsafe blocks, and add the unsafe log events data into the events DB
 	chainProcessors map[types.ChainID]*processors.ChainProcessor
+
+	// synchronousProcessors disables background-workers,
+	// requiring manual triggers for the backend to process anything.
+	synchronousProcessors bool
+
+	// chainMetrics are used to track metrics for each chain
+	// they are reused for processors and databases of the same chain
+	chainMetrics map[types.ChainID]*chainMetrics
 }
 
 var _ frontend.Backend = (*SupervisorBackend)(nil)
@@ -51,7 +59,7 @@ var errAlreadyStopped = errors.New("already stopped")
 
 func NewSupervisorBackend(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, m Metrics, cfg *config.Config) (*SupervisorBackend, error) {
 	// attempt to prepare the data directory
-	if err := prepDataDir(cfg.Datadir); err != nil {
+	if err := db.PrepDataDir(cfg.Datadir); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -60,12 +68,12 @@ func NewSupervisorBackend(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, m Metrics, cfg
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load dependency set: %w", err)
 	}
+	chains := depSet.Chains()
 
-	// create the chains db
-	chainsDB := db.NewChainsDB(logger)
-
-	// create an empty map of chain monitors
-	chainProcessors := make(map[types.ChainID]*processors.ChainProcessor, len(cfg.L2RPCs))
+	// create initial per-chain resources
+	chainsDBs := db.NewChainsDB(logger)
+	chainProcessors := make(map[types.ChainID]*processors.ChainProcessor, len(chains))
+	chainMetrics := make(map[types.ChainID]*chainMetrics, len(chains))
 
 	// create the supervisor backend
 	super := &SupervisorBackend{
@@ -73,48 +81,102 @@ func NewSupervisorBackend(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, m Metrics, cfg
 		m:               m,
 		dataDir:         cfg.Datadir,
 		depSet:          depSet,
+		chainDBs:        chainsDBs,
 		chainProcessors: chainProcessors,
-		db:              chainsDB,
+		chainMetrics:    chainMetrics,
+		// For testing we can avoid running the processors.
+		synchronousProcessors: cfg.SynchronousProcessors,
+	}
+
+	// Initialize the resources of the supervisor backend.
+	// Stop the supervisor if any of the resources fails to be initialized.
+	if err := super.initResources(ctx, cfg); err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to init resources: %w", err)
+		return nil, errors.Join(err, super.Stop(ctx))
 	}
 
-	// from the RPC strings, have the supervisor backend create a chain monitor
-	// don't start the monitor yet, as we will start all monitors at once when Start is called
+	return super, nil
+}
+
+// initResources initializes all the resources, such as DBs and processors for chains.
+// An error may returned, without closing the thus-far initialized resources.
+// Upon error the caller should call Stop() on the supervisor backend to clean up and release resources.
+func (su *SupervisorBackend) initResources(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config) error {
+	chains := su.depSet.Chains()
+
+	// for each chain known to the dependency set, create the necessary DB resources
+	for _, chainID := range chains {
+		if err := su.openChainDBs(chainID); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to open chain %s: %w", chainID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// for each chain initialize a chain processor service
+	for _, chainID := range chains {
+		logProcessor := processors.NewLogProcessor(chainID, su.chainDBs)
+		chainProcessor := processors.NewChainProcessor(su.logger, chainID, logProcessor, su.chainDBs)
+		su.chainProcessors[chainID] = chainProcessor
+	}
+
+	// the config has some RPC connections to attach to the chain-processors
 	for _, rpc := range cfg.L2RPCs {
-		err := super.addFromRPC(ctx, logger, rpc, false)
+		err := su.attachRPC(ctx, rpc)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to add chain monitor for rpc %v: %w", rpc, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add chain monitor for rpc %v: %w", rpc, err)
 		}
 	}
-	return super, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
-// addFromRPC adds a chain monitor to the supervisor backend from an rpc endpoint
-// it does not expect to be called after the backend has been started
-// it will start the monitor if shouldStart is true
-func (su *SupervisorBackend) addFromRPC(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, rpc string, _ bool) error {
-	// create the rpc client, which yields the chain id
-	rpcClient, chainID, err := clientForL2(ctx, logger, rpc)
+// openChainDBs initializes all the DB resources of a specific chain.
+// It is a sub-task of initResources.
+func (su *SupervisorBackend) openChainDBs(chainID types.ChainID) error {
+	cm := newChainMetrics(chainID, su.m)
+	// create metrics and a logdb for the chain
+	su.chainMetrics[chainID] = cm
+
+	logDB, err := db.OpenLogDB(su.logger, chainID, su.dataDir, cm)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open logDB of chain %s: %w", chainID, err)
 	}
-	su.logger.Info("adding from rpc connection", "rpc", rpc, "chainID", chainID)
-	// create metrics and a logdb for the chain
-	cm := newChainMetrics(chainID, su.m)
-	path, err := prepLogDBPath(chainID, su.dataDir)
+	su.chainDBs.AddLogDB(chainID, logDB)
+
+	localDB, err := db.OpenLocalDerivedFromDB(su.logger, chainID, su.dataDir, cm)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create datadir for chain %v: %w", chainID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open local derived-from DB of chain %s: %w", chainID, err)
 	}
-	logDB, err := logs.NewFromFile(logger, cm, path, true)
+	su.chainDBs.AddLocalDerivedFromDB(chainID, localDB)
+
+	crossDB, err := db.OpenCrossDerivedFromDB(su.logger, chainID, su.dataDir, cm)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create logdb for chain %v at %v: %w", chainID, path, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open cross derived-from DB of chain %s: %w", chainID, err)
 	}
-	if su.chainProcessors[chainID] != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("chain monitor for chain %v already exists", chainID)
+	su.chainDBs.AddCrossDerivedFromDB(chainID, crossDB)
+
+	su.chainDBs.AddCrossUnsafeTracker(chainID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (su *SupervisorBackend) attachRPC(ctx context.Context, rpc string) error {
+	su.logger.Info("attaching RPC to chain processor", "rpc", rpc)
+
+	logger := su.logger.New("rpc", rpc)
+	// create the rpc client, which yields the chain id
+	rpcClient, chainID, err := clientForL2(ctx, logger, rpc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !su.depSet.HasChain(chainID) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("chain %s is not part of the interop dependency set: %w", chainID, db.ErrUnknownChain)
 	}
-	// create a client like the monitor would have
+	cm, ok := su.chainMetrics[chainID]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to find metrics for chain %v", chainID)
+	}
+	// create an RPC client that the processor can use
 	cl, err := processors.NewEthClient(
 		ctx,
-		logger,
+		logger.New("chain", chainID),
 		cm,
 		rpc,
 		rpcClient, 2*time.Second,
@@ -123,10 +185,18 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) addFromRPC(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger,
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	logProcessor := processors.NewLogProcessor(chainID, su.db)
-	chainProcessor := processors.NewChainProcessor(logger, cl, chainID, logProcessor, su.db)
-	su.chainProcessors[chainID] = chainProcessor
-	su.db.AddLogDB(chainID, logDB)
+	return su.AttachProcessorSource(chainID, cl)
+}
+
+func (su *SupervisorBackend) AttachProcessorSource(chainID types.ChainID, src processors.Source) error {
+	su.mu.RLock()
+	defer su.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	proc, ok := su.chainProcessors[chainID]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown chain %s, cannot attach RPC to processor", chainID)
+	}
+	proc.SetSource(src)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -150,12 +220,20 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if !su.started.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
 		return errors.New("already started")
 	}
+
 	// initiate "ResumeFromLastSealedBlock" on the chains db,
 	// which rewinds the database to the last block that is guaranteed to have been fully recorded
-	if err := su.db.ResumeFromLastSealedBlock(); err != nil {
+	if err := su.chainDBs.ResumeFromLastSealedBlock(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to resume chains db: %w", err)
 	}
-	// TODO(#12423): init background processors, de-dup with constructor
+
+	if !su.synchronousProcessors {
+		// Make all the chain-processors run automatic background processing
+		for _, processor := range su.chainProcessors {
+			processor.StartBackground()
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -173,17 +251,15 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	clear(su.chainProcessors)
 	// close the databases
-	return su.db.Close()
+	return su.chainDBs.Close()
 }
 
-// AddL2RPC adds a new L2 chain to the supervisor backend
-// it stops and restarts the backend to add the new chain
+// AddL2RPC attaches an RPC as the RPC for the given chain, overriding the previous RPC source, if any.
 func (su *SupervisorBackend) AddL2RPC(ctx context.Context, rpc string) error {
-	su.mu.Lock()
-	defer su.mu.Unlock()
+	su.mu.RLock() // read-lock: we only modify an existing chain, we don't add/remove chains
+	defer su.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	// start the monitor immediately, as the backend is assumed to already be running
-	return su.addFromRPC(ctx, su.logger, rpc, true)
+	return su.attachRPC(ctx, rpc)
 }
 
 // Query methods
@@ -196,7 +272,7 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) CheckMessage(identifier types.Identifier, payloadHa
 	chainID := identifier.ChainID
 	blockNum := identifier.BlockNumber
 	logIdx := identifier.LogIndex
-	_, err := su.db.Check(chainID, blockNum, uint32(logIdx), payloadHash)
+	_, err := su.chainDBs.Check(chainID, blockNum, uint32(logIdx), payloadHash)
 	if errors.Is(err, entrydb.ErrFuture) {
 		return types.LocalUnsafe, nil
 	}
@@ -206,7 +282,7 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) CheckMessage(identifier types.Identifier, payloadHa
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.Invalid, fmt.Errorf("failed to check log: %w", err)
 	}
-	return su.db.Safest(chainID, blockNum, uint32(logIdx))
+	return su.chainDBs.Safest(chainID, blockNum, uint32(logIdx))
 }
 
 func (su *SupervisorBackend) CheckMessages(
@@ -234,11 +310,11 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) UnsafeView(ctx context.Context, chainID types.Chain
 	su.mu.RLock()
 	defer su.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	head, err := su.db.LocalUnsafe(chainID)
+	head, err := su.chainDBs.LocalUnsafe(chainID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.ReferenceView{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get local-unsafe head: %w", err)
 	}
-	cross, err := su.db.CrossUnsafe(chainID)
+	cross, err := su.chainDBs.CrossUnsafe(chainID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.ReferenceView{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get cross-unsafe head: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -255,11 +331,11 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) SafeView(ctx context.Context, chainID types.ChainID
 	su.mu.RLock()
 	defer su.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	_, localSafe, err := su.db.LocalSafe(chainID)
+	_, localSafe, err := su.chainDBs.LocalSafe(chainID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.ReferenceView{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get local-safe head: %w", err)
 	}
-	_, crossSafe, err := su.db.CrossSafe(chainID)
+	_, crossSafe, err := su.chainDBs.CrossSafe(chainID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.ReferenceView{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get cross-safe head: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -276,14 +352,22 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) Finalized(ctx context.Context, chainID types.ChainI
 	su.mu.RLock()
 	defer su.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	return su.db.Finalized(chainID)
+	v, err := su.chainDBs.Finalized(chainID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return eth.BlockID{}, err
+	}
+	return v.ID(), nil
 }
 
 func (su *SupervisorBackend) DerivedFrom(ctx context.Context, chainID types.ChainID, derived eth.BlockID) (derivedFrom eth.BlockID, err error) {
 	su.mu.RLock()
 	defer su.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	return su.db.DerivedFrom(chainID, derived)
+	v, err := su.chainDBs.DerivedFrom(chainID, derived)
+	if err != nil {
+		return eth.BlockID{}, err
+	}
+	return v.ID(), nil
 }
 
 // Update methods
@@ -303,12 +387,12 @@ func (su *SupervisorBackend) UpdateLocalSafe(chainID types.ChainID, derivedFrom
 	su.mu.RLock()
 	defer su.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	return su.db.UpdateLocalSafe(chainID, derivedFrom, lastDerived)
+	return su.chainDBs.UpdateLocalSafe(chainID, derivedFrom, lastDerived)
 }
 
 func (su *SupervisorBackend) UpdateFinalizedL1(chainID types.ChainID, finalized eth.BlockRef) error {
 	su.mu.RLock()
 	defer su.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	return su.db.UpdateFinalizedL1(finalized)
+	return su.chainDBs.UpdateFinalizedL1(finalized)
 }
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/backend_test.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/backend_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5bdb49caaaf96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/backend_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package backend
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	types2 "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/eth"
+	oplog "github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/log"
+	opmetrics "github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/metrics"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/oppprof"
+	oprpc "github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/rpc"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/testlog"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/testutils"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/config"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/metrics"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/entrydb"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
+)
+
+func TestBackendLifetime(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := testlog.Logger(t, log.LvlInfo)
+	m := metrics.NoopMetrics
+	dataDir := t.TempDir()
+	chainA := types.ChainIDFromUInt64(900)
+	chainB := types.ChainIDFromUInt64(901)
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Version:       "test",
+		LogConfig:     oplog.CLIConfig{},
+		MetricsConfig: opmetrics.CLIConfig{},
+		PprofConfig:   oppprof.CLIConfig{},
+		RPC:           oprpc.CLIConfig{},
+		DependencySetSource: &depset.StaticConfigDependencySet{
+			Dependencies: map[types.ChainID]*depset.StaticConfigDependency{
+				chainA: {
+					ActivationTime: 42,
+					HistoryMinTime: 100,
+				},
+				chainB: {
+					ActivationTime: 30,
+					HistoryMinTime: 20,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		SynchronousProcessors: true,
+		MockRun:               false,
+		L2RPCs:                nil,
+		Datadir:               dataDir,
+	}
+
+	b, err := NewSupervisorBackend(context.Background(), logger, m, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Log("initialized!")
+
+	src := &testutils.MockL1Source{}
+
+	blockX := eth.BlockRef{
+		Hash:       common.Hash{0xaa},
+		Number:     0,
+		ParentHash: common.Hash{}, // genesis has no parent hash
+		Time:       10000,
+	}
+	blockY := eth.BlockRef{
+		Hash:       common.Hash{0xbb},
+		Number:     blockX.Number + 1,
+		ParentHash: blockX.Hash,
+		Time:       blockX.Time + 2,
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, b.AttachProcessorSource(chainA, src))
+
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(cfg.Datadir, "900", "log.db"), "must have logs DB 900")
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(cfg.Datadir, "901", "log.db"), "must have logs DB 901")
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(cfg.Datadir, "900", "local_safe.db"), "must have local safe DB 900")
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(cfg.Datadir, "901", "local_safe.db"), "must have local safe DB 901")
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(cfg.Datadir, "900", "cross_safe.db"), "must have cross safe DB 900")
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(cfg.Datadir, "901", "cross_safe.db"), "must have cross safe DB 901")
+
+	err = b.Start(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Log("started!")
+
+	_, err = b.UnsafeView(context.Background(), chainA, types.ReferenceView{})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, entrydb.ErrFuture, "no data yet, need local-unsafe")
+
+	src.ExpectL1BlockRefByNumber(0, blockX, nil)
+	src.ExpectFetchReceipts(blockX.Hash, &testutils.MockBlockInfo{
+		InfoHash:        blockX.Hash,
+		InfoParentHash:  blockX.ParentHash,
+		InfoNum:         blockX.Number,
+		InfoTime:        blockX.Time,
+		InfoReceiptRoot: types2.EmptyReceiptsHash,
+	}, nil, nil)
+
+	src.ExpectL1BlockRefByNumber(1, blockY, nil)
+	src.ExpectFetchReceipts(blockY.Hash, &testutils.MockBlockInfo{
+		InfoHash:        blockY.Hash,
+		InfoParentHash:  blockY.ParentHash,
+		InfoNum:         blockY.Number,
+		InfoTime:        blockY.Time,
+		InfoReceiptRoot: types2.EmptyReceiptsHash,
+	}, nil, nil)
+
+	src.ExpectL1BlockRefByNumber(2, eth.L1BlockRef{}, ethereum.NotFound)
+
+	err = b.UpdateLocalUnsafe(chainA, blockY)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Make the processing happen, so we can rely on the new chain information,
+	// and not run into errors for future data that isn't mocked at this time.
+	b.chainProcessors[chainA].ProcessToHead()
+
+	_, err = b.UnsafeView(context.Background(), chainA, types.ReferenceView{})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, entrydb.ErrFuture, "still no data yet, need cross-unsafe")
+
+	err = b.chainDBs.UpdateCrossUnsafe(chainA, types.BlockSeal{
+		Hash:      blockX.Hash,
+		Number:    blockX.Number,
+		Timestamp: blockX.Time,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	v, err := b.UnsafeView(context.Background(), chainA, types.ReferenceView{})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "have a functioning cross/local unsafe view now")
+	require.Equal(t, blockX.ID(), v.Cross)
+	require.Equal(t, blockY.ID(), v.Local)
+
+	err = b.Stop(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Log("stopped!")
+}
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/chain_metrics.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/chain_metrics.go
index e51dbabbd7a2f..a067ddc3bfc58 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/chain_metrics.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/chain_metrics.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ type Metrics interface {
 	CacheAdd(chainID types.ChainID, label string, cacheSize int, evicted bool)
 	CacheGet(chainID types.ChainID, label string, hit bool)
 
-	RecordDBEntryCount(chainID types.ChainID, count int64)
+	RecordDBEntryCount(chainID types.ChainID, kind string, count int64)
 	RecordDBSearchEntriesRead(chainID types.ChainID, count int64)
 }
 
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ func (c *chainMetrics) CacheGet(label string, hit bool) {
 	c.delegate.CacheGet(c.chainID, label, hit)
 }
 
-func (c *chainMetrics) RecordDBEntryCount(count int64) {
-	c.delegate.RecordDBEntryCount(c.chainID, count)
+func (c *chainMetrics) RecordDBEntryCount(kind string, count int64) {
+	c.delegate.RecordDBEntryCount(c.chainID, kind, count)
 }
 
 func (c *chainMetrics) RecordDBSearchEntriesRead(count int64) {
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/db.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/db.go
index b14019ffee1c7..ab8a9a652e5ba 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/db.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/db.go
@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-service/eth"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda"
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs"
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
 )
 
-var ErrUnknownChain = errors.New("unknown chain")
+var (
+	ErrUnknownChain = errors.New("unknown chain")
+)
 
 type LogStorage interface {
 	io.Closer
@@ -46,12 +49,14 @@ type LogStorage interface {
 }
 
 type LocalDerivedFromStorage interface {
-	Last() (derivedFrom eth.BlockRef, derived eth.BlockRef, err error)
+	Latest() (derivedFrom types.BlockSeal, derived types.BlockSeal, err error)
 	AddDerived(derivedFrom eth.BlockRef, derived eth.BlockRef) error
-	LastDerived(derivedFrom eth.BlockID) (derived eth.BlockID, err error)
-	DerivedFrom(derived eth.BlockID) (derivedFrom eth.BlockID, err error)
+	LastDerivedAt(derivedFrom eth.BlockID) (derived types.BlockSeal, err error)
+	DerivedFrom(derived eth.BlockID) (derivedFrom types.BlockSeal, err error)
 }
 
+var _ LocalDerivedFromStorage = (*fromda.DB)(nil)
+
 type CrossDerivedFromStorage interface {
 	LocalDerivedFromStorage
 	// This will start to differ with reorg support
@@ -71,6 +76,7 @@ type ChainsDB struct {
 	logDBs map[types.ChainID]LogStorage
 
 	// cross-unsafe: how far we have processed the unsafe data.
+	// If present but set to a zeroed value the cross-unsafe will fallback to cross-safe.
 	crossUnsafe map[types.ChainID]types.BlockSeal
 
 	// local-safe: index of what we optimistically know about L2 blocks being derived from L1
@@ -97,14 +103,47 @@ func NewChainsDB(l log.Logger) *ChainsDB {
 	}
 }
 
-func (db *ChainsDB) AddLogDB(chain types.ChainID, logDB LogStorage) {
+func (db *ChainsDB) AddLogDB(chainID types.ChainID, logDB LogStorage) {
+	db.mu.Lock()
+	defer db.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if _, ok := db.logDBs[chainID]; ok {
+		db.logger.Warn("overwriting existing log DB for chain", "chain", chainID)
+	}
+
+	db.logDBs[chainID] = logDB
+}
+
+func (db *ChainsDB) AddLocalDerivedFromDB(chainID types.ChainID, dfDB LocalDerivedFromStorage) {
+	db.mu.Lock()
+	defer db.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if _, ok := db.localDBs[chainID]; ok {
+		db.logger.Warn("overwriting existing local derived-from DB for chain", "chain", chainID)
+	}
+
+	db.localDBs[chainID] = dfDB
+}
+
+func (db *ChainsDB) AddCrossDerivedFromDB(chainID types.ChainID, dfDB CrossDerivedFromStorage) {
+	db.mu.Lock()
+	defer db.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if _, ok := db.crossDBs[chainID]; ok {
+		db.logger.Warn("overwriting existing cross derived-from DB for chain", "chain", chainID)
+	}
+
+	db.crossDBs[chainID] = dfDB
+}
+
+func (db *ChainsDB) AddCrossUnsafeTracker(chainID types.ChainID) {
 	db.mu.Lock()
 	defer db.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if db.logDBs[chain] != nil {
-		log.Warn("overwriting existing logDB for chain", "chain", chain)
+	if _, ok := db.crossUnsafe[chainID]; ok {
+		db.logger.Warn("overwriting existing cross-unsafe tracker for chain", "chain", chainID)
 	}
-	db.logDBs[chain] = logDB
+	db.crossUnsafe[chainID] = types.BlockSeal{}
 }
 
 // ResumeFromLastSealedBlock prepares the chains db to resume recording events after a restart.
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/file_layout.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/file_layout.go
similarity index 59%
rename from op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/file_layout.go
rename to op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/file_layout.go
index 2a94266ef6053..65a2823170dc4 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/file_layout.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/file_layout.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package backend
+package db
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -8,6 +8,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
 )
 
+func prepLocalDerivedFromDBPath(chainID types.ChainID, datadir string) (string, error) {
+	dir, err := prepChainDir(chainID, datadir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, "local_safe.db"), nil
+}
+
+func prepCrossDerivedFromDBPath(chainID types.ChainID, datadir string) (string, error) {
+	dir, err := prepChainDir(chainID, datadir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, "cross_safe.db"), nil
+}
+
 func prepLogDBPath(chainID types.ChainID, datadir string) (string, error) {
 	dir, err := prepChainDir(chainID, datadir)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -24,7 +40,7 @@ func prepChainDir(chainID types.ChainID, datadir string) (string, error) {
 	return dir, nil
 }
 
-func prepDataDir(datadir string) error {
+func PrepDataDir(datadir string) error {
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(datadir, 0755); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create data directory %v: %w", datadir, err)
 	}
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/file_layout_test.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/file_layout_test.go
similarity index 98%
rename from op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/file_layout_test.go
rename to op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/file_layout_test.go
index ae06c3cd6ea46..ab41448805678 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/file_layout_test.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/file_layout_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package backend
+package db
 
 import (
 	"math/big"
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda/db.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda/db.go
index 6c0df1421fc7d..7016fc6b25cb2 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda/db.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda/db.go
@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
 )
 
-type Metrics interface {
-	RecordDBDerivedEntryCount(count int64)
-}
-
 type EntryStore interface {
 	Size() int64
 	LastEntryIdx() entrydb.EntryIdx
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda/metrics.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda/metrics.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f82bf0037ddb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda/metrics.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package fromda
+
+type Metrics interface {
+	RecordDBDerivedEntryCount(count int64)
+}
+
+type ChainMetrics interface {
+	RecordDBEntryCount(kind string, count int64)
+}
+
+type delegate struct {
+	inner ChainMetrics
+	kind  string
+}
+
+func (d *delegate) RecordDBDerivedEntryCount(count int64) {
+	d.inner.RecordDBEntryCount(d.kind, count)
+}
+
+func AdaptMetrics(chainMetrics ChainMetrics, kind string) Metrics {
+	return &delegate{
+		kind:  kind,
+		inner: chainMetrics,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs/db.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs/db.go
index ca05bf99d70c7..0094997550595 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs/db.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs/db.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Metrics interface {
-	RecordDBEntryCount(count int64)
+	RecordDBEntryCount(kind string, count int64)
 	RecordDBSearchEntriesRead(count int64)
 }
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func (db *DB) trimToLastSealed() error {
 }
 
 func (db *DB) updateEntryCountMetric() {
-	db.m.RecordDBEntryCount(db.store.Size())
+	db.m.RecordDBEntryCount("log", db.store.Size())
 }
 
 func (db *DB) IteratorStartingAt(sealedNum uint64, logsSince uint32) (Iterator, error) {
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ func (db *DB) newIteratorAt(blockNum uint64, logIndex uint32) (*iterator, error)
 	}()
 	// First walk up to the block that we are sealed up to (incl.)
 	for {
-		if _, n, _ := iter.SealedBlock(); n == blockNum { // we may already have it exactly
+		if _, n, ok := iter.SealedBlock(); ok && n == blockNum { // we may already have it exactly
 			break
 		}
 		if err := iter.NextBlock(); errors.Is(err, entrydb.ErrFuture) {
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs/db_test.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs/db_test.go
index 02ab16adaca3f..718bc68a04f4b 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs/db_test.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs/db_test.go
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ type stubMetrics struct {
 	entriesReadForSearch int64
 }
 
-func (s *stubMetrics) RecordDBEntryCount(count int64) {
+func (s *stubMetrics) RecordDBEntryCount(kind string, count int64) {
 	s.entryCount = count
 }
 
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/open.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/open.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..972a466fb35e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/open.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package db
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/fromda"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/logs"
+	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
+)
+
+func OpenLogDB(logger log.Logger, chainID types.ChainID, dataDir string, m logs.Metrics) (*logs.DB, error) {
+	path, err := prepLogDBPath(chainID, dataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create datadir for chain %s: %w", chainID, err)
+	}
+	logDB, err := logs.NewFromFile(logger, m, path, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create logdb for chain %s at %v: %w", chainID, path, err)
+	}
+	return logDB, nil
+}
+
+func OpenLocalDerivedFromDB(logger log.Logger, chainID types.ChainID, dataDir string, m fromda.ChainMetrics) (*fromda.DB, error) {
+	path, err := prepLocalDerivedFromDBPath(chainID, dataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare datadir for chain %s: %w", chainID, err)
+	}
+	db, err := fromda.NewFromFile(logger, fromda.AdaptMetrics(m, "local_derived"), path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create local-derived for chain %s at %q: %w", chainID, path, err)
+	}
+	return db, nil
+}
+
+func OpenCrossDerivedFromDB(logger log.Logger, chainID types.ChainID, dataDir string, m fromda.ChainMetrics) (*fromda.DB, error) {
+	path, err := prepCrossDerivedFromDBPath(chainID, dataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare datadir for chain %s: %w", chainID, err)
+	}
+	db, err := fromda.NewFromFile(logger, fromda.AdaptMetrics(m, "cross_derived"), path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cross-derived for chain %s at %q: %w", chainID, path, err)
+	}
+	return db, nil
+}
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/query.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/query.go
index 074667e5d4b42..c331379f9a289 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/query.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/db/query.go
@@ -60,61 +60,69 @@ func (db *ChainsDB) CrossUnsafe(chainID types.ChainID) (types.BlockSeal, error)
 	if !ok {
 		return types.BlockSeal{}, ErrUnknownChain
 	}
+	// Fall back to cross-safe if cross-unsafe is not known yet
+	if result == (types.BlockSeal{}) {
+		_, crossSafe, err := db.CrossSafe(chainID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return types.BlockSeal{}, fmt.Errorf("no cross-unsafe known for chain %s, and failed to fall back to cross-safe value: %w", chainID, err)
+		}
+		return crossSafe, nil
+	}
 	return result, nil
 }
 
-func (db *ChainsDB) LocalSafe(chainID types.ChainID) (derivedFrom eth.BlockRef, derived eth.BlockRef, err error) {
+func (db *ChainsDB) LocalSafe(chainID types.ChainID) (derivedFrom types.BlockSeal, derived types.BlockSeal, err error) {
 	db.mu.RLock()
 	defer db.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	localDB, ok := db.localDBs[chainID]
 	if !ok {
-		return eth.BlockRef{}, eth.BlockRef{}, ErrUnknownChain
+		return types.BlockSeal{}, types.BlockSeal{}, ErrUnknownChain
 	}
-	return localDB.Last()
+	return localDB.Latest()
 }
 
-func (db *ChainsDB) CrossSafe(chainID types.ChainID) (derivedFrom eth.BlockRef, derived eth.BlockRef, err error) {
+func (db *ChainsDB) CrossSafe(chainID types.ChainID) (derivedFrom types.BlockSeal, derived types.BlockSeal, err error) {
 	db.mu.RLock()
 	defer db.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	crossDB, ok := db.crossDBs[chainID]
 	if !ok {
-		return eth.BlockRef{}, eth.BlockRef{}, ErrUnknownChain
+		return types.BlockSeal{}, types.BlockSeal{}, ErrUnknownChain
 	}
-	return crossDB.Last()
+	return crossDB.Latest()
 }
 
-func (db *ChainsDB) Finalized(chainID types.ChainID) (eth.BlockID, error) {
+func (db *ChainsDB) Finalized(chainID types.ChainID) (types.BlockSeal, error) {
 	db.mu.RLock()
 	defer db.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	finalizedL1 := db.finalizedL1
 	if finalizedL1 == (eth.L1BlockRef{}) {
-		return eth.BlockID{}, errors.New("no finalized L1 signal, cannot determine L2 finality yet")
+		return types.BlockSeal{}, errors.New("no finalized L1 signal, cannot determine L2 finality yet")
 	}
 	derived, err := db.LastDerivedFrom(chainID, finalizedL1.ID())
 	if err != nil {
-		return eth.BlockID{}, errors.New("could not find what was last derived from the finalized L1 block")
+		return types.BlockSeal{}, errors.New("could not find what was last derived from the finalized L1 block")
 	}
 	return derived, nil
 }
 
-func (db *ChainsDB) LastDerivedFrom(chainID types.ChainID, derivedFrom eth.BlockID) (derived eth.BlockID, err error) {
+func (db *ChainsDB) LastDerivedFrom(chainID types.ChainID, derivedFrom eth.BlockID) (derived types.BlockSeal, err error) {
 	crossDB, ok := db.crossDBs[chainID]
 	if !ok {
-		return eth.BlockID{}, ErrUnknownChain
+		return types.BlockSeal{}, ErrUnknownChain
 	}
-	return crossDB.LastDerived(derivedFrom)
+	return crossDB.LastDerivedAt(derivedFrom)
 }
 
-func (db *ChainsDB) DerivedFrom(chainID types.ChainID, derived eth.BlockID) (derivedFrom eth.BlockID, err error) {
+func (db *ChainsDB) DerivedFrom(chainID types.ChainID, derived eth.BlockID) (derivedFrom types.BlockSeal, err error) {
 	db.mu.RLock()
 	defer db.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	localDB, ok := db.localDBs[chainID]
 	if !ok {
-		return eth.BlockID{}, ErrUnknownChain
+		return types.BlockSeal{}, ErrUnknownChain
 	}
 	return localDB.DerivedFrom(derived)
 }
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/depset.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/depset.go
index 14e09672f7be7..06127726f0007 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/depset.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/depset.go
@@ -25,4 +25,11 @@ type DependencySet interface {
 	// This may return an error if the query temporarily cannot be answered.
 	// E.g. if the DependencySet is syncing new changes.
 	CanInitiateAt(chainID types.ChainID, initTimestamp uint64) (bool, error)
+
+	// Chains returns the list of chains that are part of the dependency set.
+	Chains() []types.ChainID
+
+	// HasChain determines if a chain is being tracked for interop purposes.
+	// See CanExecuteAt and CanInitiateAt to check if a chain may message at a given time.
+	HasChain(chainID types.ChainID) bool
 }
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/depset_test.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/depset_test.go
index 583b9a4017d47..42dbb284d6e29 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/depset_test.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/depset_test.go
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ func TestDependencySet(t *testing.T) {
 	result, err := loader.LoadDependencySet(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
+	chainIDs := result.Chains()
+	require.Equal(t, []types.ChainID{
+		types.ChainIDFromUInt64(900),
+		types.ChainIDFromUInt64(901),
+	}, chainIDs)
+
 	v, err := result.CanExecuteAt(types.ChainIDFromUInt64(900), 42)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.True(t, v)
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/static.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/static.go
index e78bcd2516364..0ef2874bb527f 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/static.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/depset/static.go
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ package depset
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"sort"
+
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
 )
@@ -46,3 +49,16 @@ func (ds *StaticConfigDependencySet) CanInitiateAt(chainID types.ChainID, initTi
 	}
 	return initTimestamp >= dep.HistoryMinTime, nil
 }
+
+func (ds *StaticConfigDependencySet) Chains() []types.ChainID {
+	out := maps.Keys(ds.Dependencies)
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return out[i].Cmp(out[j]) < 0
+	})
+	return out
+}
+
+func (ds *StaticConfigDependencySet) HasChain(chainID types.ChainID) bool {
+	_, ok := ds.Dependencies[chainID]
+	return ok
+}
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/processors/chain_processor.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/processors/chain_processor.go
index 9f7b630079e17..d27c26fe2bbc2 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/processors/chain_processor.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/backend/processors/chain_processor.go
@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ package processors
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	gethtypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
@@ -15,6 +17,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/op-supervisor/supervisor/types"
 )
 
+var ErrNoRPCSource = errors.New("no RPC client configured")
+
 type Source interface {
 	L1BlockRefByNumber(ctx context.Context, number uint64) (eth.L1BlockRef, error)
 	FetchReceipts(ctx context.Context, blockHash common.Hash) (eth.BlockInfo, gethtypes.Receipts, error)
@@ -38,8 +42,10 @@ func (fn BlockProcessorFn) ProcessBlock(ctx context.Context, block eth.BlockRef)
 // ChainProcessor is a HeadProcessor that fills in any skipped blocks between head update events.
 // It ensures that, absent reorgs, every block in the chain is processed even if some head advancements are skipped.
 type ChainProcessor struct {
-	log    log.Logger
-	client Source
+	log log.Logger
+
+	client     Source
+	clientLock sync.Mutex
 
 	chain types.ChainID
 
@@ -51,8 +57,6 @@ type ChainProcessor struct {
 	// channel with capacity of 1, full if there is work to do
 	newHead chan struct{}
 
-	// bool to indicate if calls are synchronous
-	synchronous bool
 	// channel with capacity of 1, to signal work complete if running in synchroneous mode
 	out chan struct{}
 
@@ -62,27 +66,37 @@ type ChainProcessor struct {
 	wg     sync.WaitGroup
 }
 
-func NewChainProcessor(log log.Logger, client Source, chain types.ChainID, processor LogProcessor, rewinder DatabaseRewinder) *ChainProcessor {
+func NewChainProcessor(log log.Logger, chain types.ChainID, processor LogProcessor, rewinder DatabaseRewinder) *ChainProcessor {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	out := &ChainProcessor{
-		log:       log,
-		client:    client,
+		log:       log.New("chain", chain),
+		client:    nil,
 		chain:     chain,
 		processor: processor,
 		rewinder:  rewinder,
 		newHead:   make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		// default to synchronous because we want other processors to wait for this
-		// in the future we could make this async and have a separate mechanism which forwards the work signal to other processors
-		synchronous: true,
-		out:         make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		ctx:         ctx,
-		cancel:      cancel,
+		out:       make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		ctx:       ctx,
+		cancel:    cancel,
 	}
-	out.wg.Add(1)
-	go out.worker()
 	return out
 }
 
+func (s *ChainProcessor) SetSource(cl Source) {
+	s.clientLock.Lock()
+	defer s.clientLock.Unlock()
+	s.client = cl
+}
+
+func (s *ChainProcessor) StartBackground() {
+	s.wg.Add(1)
+	go s.worker()
+}
+
+func (s *ChainProcessor) ProcessToHead() {
+	s.work()
+}
+
 func (s *ChainProcessor) nextNum() uint64 {
 	headNum, ok := s.rewinder.LatestBlockNum(s.chain)
 	if !ok {
@@ -106,11 +120,6 @@ func (s *ChainProcessor) worker() {
 		case <-s.newHead:
 			s.log.Debug("Responding to new head signal")
 			s.work()
-			// if this chain processor is synchronous, signal completion
-			// to be picked up by the caller (ChainProcessor.OnNewHead)
-			if s.synchronous {
-				s.out <- struct{}{}
-			}
 		case <-delay.C:
 			s.log.Debug("Checking for updates")
 			s.work()
@@ -126,8 +135,14 @@ func (s *ChainProcessor) work() {
 		}
 		target := s.nextNum()
 		if err := s.update(target); err != nil {
-			s.log.Error("Failed to process new block", "err", err)
-			// idle until next update trigger
+			if errors.Is(err, ethereum.NotFound) {
+				s.log.Info("Cannot find next block yet", "target", target)
+			} else if errors.Is(err, ErrNoRPCSource) {
+				s.log.Warn("No RPC source configured, cannot process new blocks")
+			} else {
+				s.log.Error("Failed to process new block", "err", err)
+				// idle until next update trigger
+			}
 		} else if x := s.lastHead.Load(); target+1 <= x {
 			s.log.Debug("Continuing with next block", "newTarget", target+1, "lastHead", x)
 			continue // instantly continue processing, no need to idle
@@ -139,6 +154,13 @@ func (s *ChainProcessor) work() {
 }
 
 func (s *ChainProcessor) update(nextNum uint64) error {
+	s.clientLock.Lock()
+	defer s.clientLock.Unlock()
+
+	if s.client == nil {
+		return ErrNoRPCSource
+	}
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, time.Second*10)
 	nextL1, err := s.client.L1BlockRefByNumber(ctx, nextNum)
 	next := eth.BlockRef{
@@ -185,10 +207,6 @@ func (s *ChainProcessor) OnNewHead(head eth.BlockRef) error {
 	default:
 		// already requested an update
 	}
-	// if we are running synchronously, wait for the work to complete
-	if s.synchronous {
-		<-s.out
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/op-supervisor/supervisor/types/types.go b/op-supervisor/supervisor/types/types.go
index 9a82655f97532..05a9b16331264 100644
--- a/op-supervisor/supervisor/types/types.go
+++ b/op-supervisor/supervisor/types/types.go
@@ -182,6 +182,10 @@ func (id *ChainID) UnmarshalText(data []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (id ChainID) Cmp(other ChainID) int {
+	return (*uint256.Int)(&id).Cmp((*uint256.Int)(&other))
+}
+
 type ReferenceView struct {
 	Local eth.BlockID `json:"local"`
 	Cross eth.BlockID `json:"cross"`