diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 9f9c54615f0..5164499712c 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     "lint-sass": "yarn stylelint \"**/*.scss\" --quiet-deprecation-warnings",
     "test": "yarn lint && yarn test-unit",
     "test-ci": "yarn test && yarn test-cypress",
-    "test-unit": "cross-env NODE_ENV=test jest --config ./scripts/jest/config.json",
+    "test-unit": "cross-env NODE_ENV=test jest --config ./scripts/jest/config.js",
     "test-a11y": "node ./scripts/a11y-testing",
     "test-staged": "yarn lint && node scripts/test-staged.js",
     "test-cypress": "node ./scripts/cypress",
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@
     "@babel/preset-react": "^7.18.6",
     "@babel/preset-typescript": "^7.21.5",
     "@babel/template": "^7.21.9",
+    "@cfaester/enzyme-adapter-react-18": "^0.7.0",
     "@cypress/code-coverage": "^3.10.0",
     "@cypress/react": "^7.0.3",
     "@cypress/react18": "^2.0.0",
@@ -142,7 +143,8 @@
     "@svgr/plugin-svgo": "^8.0.1",
     "@testing-library/dom": "^8.12.0",
     "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.16.3",
-    "@testing-library/react": "^12.1.5",
+    "@testing-library/react": "^14.0.0",
+    "@testing-library/react-16-17": "npm:@testing-library/react@^12.1.5",
     "@testing-library/react-hooks": "^7.0.2",
     "@testing-library/user-event": "^13.5.0",
     "@types/classnames": "^2.2.10",
diff --git a/scripts/jest/config.js b/scripts/jest/config.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7037b61de39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/jest/config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+const getCacheDirectory =
+  require('jest-config/build/getCacheDirectory').default;
+
+// Set REACT_VERSION env variable to latest if empty or invalid
+if (!['16', '17', '18'].includes(process.env.REACT_VERSION)) {
+  process.env.REACT_VERSION = '18';
+}
+
+const reactVersion = process.env.REACT_VERSION;
+
+console.log(`Running tests on React v${reactVersion}`);
+
+/** @type {import('jest').Config} */
+const config = {
+  rootDir: '../../',
+  roots: [
+    '<rootDir>/src/',
+    '<rootDir>/src-docs/src/components',
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/babel',
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/tests',
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/eslint-plugin',
+  ],
+  collectCoverageFrom: [
+    'src/{components,services,global_styling}/**/*.{ts,tsx,js,jsx}',
+    '!src/{components,services,global_styling}/**/*.{testenv,spec,a11y,stories}.{ts,tsx,js,jsx}',
+    '!src/{components,services,global_styling}/index.ts',
+    '!src/{components,services,global_styling}/**/*/index.ts',
+    '!src/components/date_picker/react-datepicker/**/*.{js,jsx}',
+  ],
+  moduleNameMapper: {
+    '\\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|eot|otf|webp|svg|ttf|woff|woff2|mp4|webm|wav|mp3|m4a|aac|oga)$':
+      '<rootDir>/scripts/jest/mocks/file_mock.js',
+    '\\.(css|less|scss)$': '<rootDir>/scripts/jest/mocks/style_mock.js',
+  },
+  setupFiles: [
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/enzyme.js',
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/throw_on_console_error.js',
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/mocks.js',
+  ],
+  setupFilesAfterEnv: [
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/polyfills.js',
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/unmount_enzyme.js',
+  ],
+  coverageDirectory: '<rootDir>/reports/jest-coverage',
+  coverageReporters: ['json', 'html'],
+  moduleFileExtensions: ['ts', 'tsx', 'js', 'json'],
+  testMatch: ['**/*.test.js', '**/*.test.ts', '**/*.test.tsx'],
+  transform: {
+    '^.+\\.(js|tsx?)$': 'babel-jest',
+  },
+  snapshotSerializers: [
+    '<rootDir>/node_modules/enzyme-to-json/serializer',
+    '<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/emotion',
+  ],
+  // react version and user permissions aware cache directory
+  cacheDirectory: `${getCacheDirectory()}_react-${reactVersion}`,
+};
+
+if (['16', '17'].includes(reactVersion)) {
+  config.moduleNameMapper[
+    '^@testing-library/react((\\\\/.*)?)$'
+  ] = `@testing-library/react-16-17$1`;
+  config.moduleNameMapper['^react((\\/.*)?)$'] = `react-${reactVersion}$1`;
+  config.moduleNameMapper[
+    '^react-dom((\\/.*)?)$'
+  ] = `react-dom-${reactVersion}$1`;
+}
+
+module.exports = config;
diff --git a/scripts/jest/config.json b/scripts/jest/config.json
deleted file mode 100644
index e3b879ffce8..00000000000
--- a/scripts/jest/config.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "rootDir": "../../",
-  "roots": [
-    "<rootDir>/src/",
-    "<rootDir>/src-docs/src/components",
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/babel",
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/tests",
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/eslint-plugin"
-  ],
-  "collectCoverageFrom": [
-    "src/{components,services,global_styling}/**/*.{ts,tsx,js,jsx}",
-    "!src/{components,services,global_styling}/**/*.{testenv,spec,a11y,stories}.{ts,tsx,js,jsx}",
-    "!src/{components,services,global_styling}/index.ts",
-    "!src/{components,services,global_styling}/**/*/index.ts",
-    "!src/components/date_picker/react-datepicker/**/*.{js,jsx}"
-  ],
-  "moduleNameMapper": {
-    "\\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|eot|otf|webp|svg|ttf|woff|woff2|mp4|webm|wav|mp3|m4a|aac|oga)$": "<rootDir>/scripts/jest/mocks/file_mock.js",
-    "\\.(css|less|scss)$": "<rootDir>/scripts/jest/mocks/style_mock.js"
-  },
-  "setupFiles": [
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/enzyme.js",
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/throw_on_console_error.js",
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/mocks.js"
-  ],
-  "setupFilesAfterEnv": [
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/polyfills.js",
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/unmount_enzyme.js"
-  ],
-  "coverageDirectory": "<rootDir>/reports/jest-coverage",
-  "coverageReporters": [
-    "json",
-    "html"
-  ],
-  "moduleFileExtensions": [
-    "ts",
-    "tsx",
-    "js",
-    "json"
-  ],
-  "testMatch": [
-    "**/*.test.js",
-    "**/*.test.ts",
-    "**/*.test.tsx"
-  ],
-  "transform": {
-    "^.+\\.(js|tsx?)$": "babel-jest"
-  },
-  "snapshotSerializers": [
-    "<rootDir>/node_modules/enzyme-to-json/serializer",
-    "<rootDir>/scripts/jest/setup/emotion"
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/scripts/jest/setup/enzyme.js b/scripts/jest/setup/enzyme.js
index b60dbe22bfe..334d2c91e74 100644
--- a/scripts/jest/setup/enzyme.js
+++ b/scripts/jest/setup/enzyme.js
@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
 import { configure } from 'enzyme';
-import Adapter from '@wojtekmaj/enzyme-adapter-react-17';
+
+// Pick Enzyme adapter based on which React version is currently being tested.
+// It has to be directly compared against process.env.REACT_VERSION
+// for tree-shaking to work.
+let Adapter;
+if (process.env.REACT_VERSION === '18') {
+  Adapter = require('@cfaester/enzyme-adapter-react-18').default;
+
+  // set IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT to silence "The current testing environment
+  // is not configured to support act()" errors for now
+  // TODO: Remove when enzyme tests are replaced with RTL
+  global.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = true;
+} else {
+  Adapter = require('@wojtekmaj/enzyme-adapter-react-17');
+}
 
 configure({ adapter: new Adapter() });
diff --git a/scripts/jest/setup/polyfills.js b/scripts/jest/setup/polyfills.js
index 3619912b9a9..048df84a28f 100644
--- a/scripts/jest/setup/polyfills.js
+++ b/scripts/jest/setup/polyfills.js
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 import { MutationObserver, MutationNotifier } from '../polyfills/mutation_observer';
+import util from 'util';
 
 // polyfill window.MutationObserver and intersect jsdom's relevant methods
 // from https://github.com/aurelia/pal-nodejs
 // https://github.com/aurelia/pal-nodejs/blob/56396ff7c7693669dbafc8e9e49ee6bc29472f12/src/nodejs-pal-builder.ts#L63
 
+Object.defineProperty(global, 'TextEncoder', {
+  value: util.TextEncoder,
+});
+
 const undos = [];
 afterAll(() => {
   while (undos.length) {
diff --git a/src/components/drag_and_drop/droppable.test.tsx b/src/components/drag_and_drop/droppable.test.tsx
index e6117afa5eb..dcbe400a536 100644
--- a/src/components/drag_and_drop/droppable.test.tsx
+++ b/src/components/drag_and_drop/droppable.test.tsx
@@ -8,9 +8,13 @@
 
 import React from 'react';
 import { mount, ReactWrapper } from 'enzyme';
+import { resetServerContext } from '@hello-pangea/dnd';
 
-import { findTestSubject } from '../../test';
-import { requiredProps } from '../../test/required_props';
+import {
+  findTestSubject,
+  requiredProps,
+  invokeOnReactVersion,
+} from '../../test';
 
 import { EuiDragDropContext, EuiDroppable } from './';
 import { EuiDroppableContext } from './droppable';
@@ -24,6 +28,11 @@ function snapshotDragDropContext(component: ReactWrapper) {
 }
 
 describe('EuiDroppable', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    // Resetting DND server context is only required in older versions of React
+    invokeOnReactVersion(['16', '17'], resetServerContext);
+  });
+
   test('is rendered', () => {
     const handler = jest.fn();
     jest.mock('react', () => {
diff --git a/src/components/form/form.styles.test.tsx b/src/components/form/form.styles.test.tsx
index dc7c08ad8e6..6803be8e9fa 100644
--- a/src/components/form/form.styles.test.tsx
+++ b/src/components/form/form.styles.test.tsx
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ describe('euiCustomControl', () => {
     expect(result.current).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       "
           padding: 7px;
-
+          
           border: 1px solid #f5f7fc;
           background: #FFF no-repeat center;
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ describe('euiCustomControl', () => {
     expect(result.current).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       "
           padding: 15px;
-
+          
           border: 1px solid #f5f7fc;
           background: #FFF no-repeat center;
 
diff --git a/src/components/selectable/selectable_search/selectable_search.test.tsx b/src/components/selectable/selectable_search/selectable_search.test.tsx
index 631f936cc95..1964471d86e 100644
--- a/src/components/selectable/selectable_search/selectable_search.test.tsx
+++ b/src/components/selectable/selectable_search/selectable_search.test.tsx
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 import React from 'react';
-import { fireEvent } from '@testing-library/dom';
+import { fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { render } from '../../../test/rtl';
 import { requiredProps } from '../../../test/required_props';
 
diff --git a/src/test/index.ts b/src/test/index.ts
index 96d6201dfab..b783039efcd 100644
--- a/src/test/index.ts
+++ b/src/test/index.ts
@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ export {
 } from './react_warnings';
 export { sleep } from './sleep';
 export * from './emotion-prefix';
+export * from './react_version';
diff --git a/src/test/react_version.ts b/src/test/react_version.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bae0cb26d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/react_version.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
+ * 2.0 and the Server Side Public License, v 1; you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with, at your election, the Elastic License 2.0 or the Server
+ * Side Public License, v 1.
+ */
+
+export type ReactVersion = '16' | '17' | '18';
+
+/**
+ * Get major version of React that's currently used.
+ *
+ */
+export const getReactVersion = (): ReactVersion => {
+  const reactVersion = process.env.REACT_VERSION;
+  if (reactVersion !== undefined && ['16', '17', '18'].includes(reactVersion)) {
+    return reactVersion as ReactVersion;
+  }
+
+  return '18';
+};
+
+/**
+ * Invoke passed function when running on specified version(s) of React
+ */
+export const invokeOnReactVersion = (
+  versionOrVersions: ReactVersion | ReactVersion[],
+  func: Function
+) => {
+  if (!Array.isArray(versionOrVersions)) {
+    versionOrVersions = [versionOrVersions];
+  }
+
+  if (versionOrVersions.includes(getReactVersion())) {
+    func();
+  }
+};
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index eb9fb063cb4..2ffae9ea66e 100755
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -2183,6 +2183,15 @@
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@bcoe/v8-coverage/-/v8-coverage-0.2.3.tgz#75a2e8b51cb758a7553d6804a5932d7aace75c39"
   integrity sha512-0hYQ8SB4Db5zvZB4axdMHGwEaQjkZzFjQiN9LVYvIFB2nSUHW9tYpxWriPrWDASIxiaXax83REcLxuSdnGPZtw==
 
+"@cfaester/enzyme-adapter-react-18@^0.7.0":
+  version "0.7.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@cfaester/enzyme-adapter-react-18/-/enzyme-adapter-react-18-0.7.0.tgz#92d81903855ed542ab54d2241a787c1b95883d0a"
+  integrity sha512-24rdgq6ncwmuyHizvKpdPUSczx5PjIhSr+LfXH/q5/Y28WbNZB6iGIqQ2iSiXp41qs+lutRIQQgwRJIf/a1N9w==
+  dependencies:
+    enzyme-shallow-equal "^1.0.0"
+    react-is "^18.0.0"
+    react-test-renderer "^18.0.0"
+
 "@cnakazawa/watch@^1.0.3":
   version "1.0.4"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@cnakazawa/watch/-/watch-1.0.4.tgz#f864ae85004d0fcab6f50be9141c4da368d1656a"
@@ -4292,6 +4301,20 @@
     lz-string "^1.4.4"
     pretty-format "^27.0.2"
 
+"@testing-library/dom@^9.0.0":
+  version "9.3.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@testing-library/dom/-/dom-9.3.1.tgz#8094f560e9389fb973fe957af41bf766937a9ee9"
+  integrity sha512-0DGPd9AR3+iDTjGoMpxIkAsUihHZ3Ai6CneU6bRRrffXMgzCdlNk43jTrD2/5LT6CBb3MWTP8v510JzYtahD2w==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/code-frame" "^7.10.4"
+    "@babel/runtime" "^7.12.5"
+    "@types/aria-query" "^5.0.1"
+    aria-query "5.1.3"
+    chalk "^4.1.0"
+    dom-accessibility-api "^0.5.9"
+    lz-string "^1.5.0"
+    pretty-format "^27.0.2"
+
 "@testing-library/jest-dom@^5.16.3":
   version "5.16.4"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@testing-library/jest-dom/-/jest-dom-5.16.4.tgz#938302d7b8b483963a3ae821f1c0808f872245cd"
@@ -4307,6 +4330,15 @@
     lodash "^4.17.15"
     redent "^3.0.0"
 
+"@testing-library/react-16-17@npm:@testing-library/react@^12.1.5":
+  version "12.1.5"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@testing-library/react/-/react-12.1.5.tgz#bb248f72f02a5ac9d949dea07279095fa577963b"
+  integrity sha512-OfTXCJUFgjd/digLUuPxa0+/3ZxsQmE7ub9kcbW/wi96Bh3o/p5vrETcBGfP17NWPGqeYYl5LTRpwyGoMC4ysg==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime" "^7.12.5"
+    "@testing-library/dom" "^8.0.0"
+    "@types/react-dom" "<18.0.0"
+
 "@testing-library/react-hooks@^7.0.2":
   version "7.0.2"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@testing-library/react-hooks/-/react-hooks-7.0.2.tgz#3388d07f562d91e7f2431a4a21b5186062ecfee0"
@@ -4318,14 +4350,14 @@
     "@types/react-test-renderer" ">=16.9.0"
     react-error-boundary "^3.1.0"
 
-"@testing-library/react@^12.1.5":
-  version "12.1.5"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@testing-library/react/-/react-12.1.5.tgz#bb248f72f02a5ac9d949dea07279095fa577963b"
-  integrity sha512-OfTXCJUFgjd/digLUuPxa0+/3ZxsQmE7ub9kcbW/wi96Bh3o/p5vrETcBGfP17NWPGqeYYl5LTRpwyGoMC4ysg==
+"@testing-library/react@^14.0.0":
+  version "14.0.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@testing-library/react/-/react-14.0.0.tgz#59030392a6792450b9ab8e67aea5f3cc18d6347c"
+  integrity sha512-S04gSNJbYE30TlIMLTzv6QCTzt9AqIF5y6s6SzVFILNcNvbV/jU96GeiTPillGQo+Ny64M/5PV7klNYYgv5Dfg==
   dependencies:
     "@babel/runtime" "^7.12.5"
-    "@testing-library/dom" "^8.0.0"
-    "@types/react-dom" "<18.0.0"
+    "@testing-library/dom" "^9.0.0"
+    "@types/react-dom" "^18.0.0"
 
 "@testing-library/user-event@^13.2.1", "@testing-library/user-event@^13.5.0":
   version "13.5.0"
@@ -4847,7 +4879,7 @@
   dependencies:
     "@types/react" "*"
 
-"@types/react-dom@^18.2.6":
+"@types/react-dom@^18.0.0", "@types/react-dom@^18.2.6":
   version "18.2.6"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/react-dom/-/react-dom-18.2.6.tgz#ad621fa71a8db29af7c31b41b2ea3d8a6f4144d1"
   integrity sha512-2et4PDvg6PVCyS7fuTc4gPoksV58bW0RwSxWKcPRcHZf0PRUGq03TKcD/rUHe3azfV6/5/biUBJw+HhCQjaP0A==
@@ -17827,7 +17859,7 @@ react-is@^16.12.0, react-is@^16.13.1, react-is@^16.6.0, react-is@^16.7.0, react-
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-is/-/react-is-16.13.1.tgz#789729a4dc36de2999dc156dd6c1d9c18cea56a4"
   integrity sha512-24e6ynE2H+OKt4kqsOvNd8kBpV65zoxbA4BVsEOB3ARVWQki/DHzaUoC5KuON/BiccDaCCTZBuOcfZs70kR8bQ==
 
-"react-is@^16.12.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0", react-is@^18.0.0:
+"react-is@^16.12.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0", react-is@^18.0.0, react-is@^18.2.0:
   version "18.2.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-is/-/react-is-18.2.0.tgz#199431eeaaa2e09f86427efbb4f1473edb47609b"
   integrity sha512-xWGDIW6x921xtzPkhiULtthJHoJvBbF3q26fzloPCK0hsvxtPVelvftw3zjbHWSkR2km9Z+4uxbDDK/6Zw9B8w==
@@ -17920,7 +17952,7 @@ react-router@5.3.4:
     tiny-invariant "^1.0.2"
     tiny-warning "^1.0.0"
 
-react-shallow-renderer@^16.13.1:
+react-shallow-renderer@^16.13.1, react-shallow-renderer@^16.15.0:
   version "16.15.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-shallow-renderer/-/react-shallow-renderer-16.15.0.tgz#48fb2cf9b23d23cde96708fe5273a7d3446f4457"
   integrity sha512-oScf2FqQ9LFVQgA73vr86xl2NaOIX73rh+YFqcOp68CWj56tSfgtGKrEbyhCj0rSijyG9M1CYprTh39fBi5hzA==
@@ -17957,6 +17989,15 @@ react-test-renderer@^17.0.0:
     react-shallow-renderer "^16.13.1"
     scheduler "^0.20.2"
 
+react-test-renderer@^18.0.0:
+  version "18.2.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-test-renderer/-/react-test-renderer-18.2.0.tgz#1dd912bd908ff26da5b9fca4fd1c489b9523d37e"
+  integrity sha512-JWD+aQ0lh2gvh4NM3bBM42Kx+XybOxCpgYK7F8ugAlpaTSnWsX+39Z4XkOykGZAHrjwwTZT3x3KxswVWxHPUqA==
+  dependencies:
+    react-is "^18.2.0"
+    react-shallow-renderer "^16.15.0"
+    scheduler "^0.23.0"
+
 react-view@^2.3.2:
   version "2.3.7"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-view/-/react-view-2.3.7.tgz#86cca759618b73094172416d0c9d276fb632a25c"