Treat put-mapping calls with _doc as a top-level key as typed calls. (#38032)

Currently the put-mapping API assumes that because the type name is `_doc` then
it is dealing with a typeless put-mapping call. Yet we still allow running the
put-mapping API in a typed fashion with `_doc` as a type name. The current logic
triggers surprising errors when doing a typed put-mapping call with `_doc` as a
type name on an index that has a type already.

This is a bit of a corner-case, but is more important on 6.x due to the fact
that using the index API with `_doc` as a type name triggers typed calls to the
put-mapping API with `_doc` as a type name.

Author: jpountz

rest-api-spec/src/main/resources/rest-api-spec/test/indices.put_mapping/20_mix_typeless_typeful.yml

@@ -39,12 +39,45 @@
                       type: "keyword" # also test no-op updates that trigger special logic wrt the mapping version
 
  - do:
-      catch: bad_request
+      catch: /the final mapping would have more than 1 type/
       indices.put_mapping:
           include_type_name: true
           index: index
+          type: some_other_type
           body:
               some_other_type:
                   properties:
                       bar:
                           type: "long"
+
+
+---
+"PUT mapping with _doc on an index that has types":
+
+ - skip:
+      version: " - 6.99.99"
+      reason: Backport first
+
+
+ - do:
+      indices.create:
+          include_type_name: true
+          index: index
+          body:
+              mappings:
+                  my_type:
+                      properties:
+                          foo:
+                              type: "keyword"
+
+ - do:
+      catch: /the final mapping would have more than 1 type/
+      indices.put_mapping:
+          include_type_name: true
+          index: index
+          type: _doc
+          body:
+              _doc:
+                  properties:
+                      bar:
+                          type: "long"

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/metadata/MetaDataMappingService.java

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.common.compress.CompressedXContent;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.inject.Inject;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.Index;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexService;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.DocumentMapper;
@@ -277,7 +279,8 @@ private ClusterState applyRequest(ClusterState currentState, PutMappingClusterSt
                 if (mappingType == null) {
                     mappingType = newMapper.type();
                 } else if (mappingType.equals(newMapper.type()) == false
-                        && mapperService.resolveDocumentType(mappingType).equals(newMapper.type()) == false) {
+                        && (isMappingSourceTyped(mapperService, mappingUpdateSource, request.type())
+                                || mapperService.resolveDocumentType(mappingType).equals(newMapper.type()) == false)) {
                     throw new InvalidTypeNameException("Type name provided does not match type name within mapping definition.");
                 }
             }
@@ -297,10 +300,13 @@ private ClusterState applyRequest(ClusterState currentState, PutMappingClusterSt
                 final Index index = indexMetaData.getIndex();
                 final MapperService mapperService = indexMapperServices.get(index);
 
-                // If the user gave _doc as a special type value or if they are using the new typeless APIs,
-                // then we apply the mapping update to the existing type. This allows to move to typeless
-                // APIs with indices whose type name is different from `_doc`.
-                String typeForUpdate = mapperService.resolveDocumentType(mappingType); // the type to use to apply the mapping update
+                // If the _type name is _doc and there is no _doc top-level key then this means that we
+                // are handling a typeless call. In such a case, we override _doc with the actual type
+                // name in the mappings. This allows to use typeless APIs on typed indices.
+                String typeForUpdate = mappingType; // the type to use to apply the mapping update
+                if (isMappingSourceTyped(mapperService, mappingUpdateSource, request.type()) == false) {
+                    typeForUpdate = mapperService.resolveDocumentType(mappingType);
+                }
 
                 CompressedXContent existingSource = null;
                 DocumentMapper existingMapper = mapperService.documentMapper(typeForUpdate);
@@ -365,6 +371,15 @@ public String describeTasks(List<PutMappingClusterStateUpdateRequest> tasks) {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if the given {@code mappingSource} includes a type
+     * as a top-level object.
+     */
+    private static boolean isMappingSourceTyped(MapperService mapperService, CompressedXContent mappingSource, String type) {
+        Map<String, Object> root = XContentHelper.convertToMap(mappingSource.compressedReference(), true, XContentType.JSON).v2();
+        return root.size() == 1 && root.keySet().iterator().next().equals(type);
+    }
+
     public void putMapping(final PutMappingClusterStateUpdateRequest request, final ActionListener<ClusterStateUpdateResponse> listener) {
         clusterService.submitStateUpdateTask("put-mapping",
                 request,