diff --git a/src/Cli/dotnet/Commands/Run/CSharpCompilerCommand.cs b/src/Cli/dotnet/Commands/Run/CSharpCompilerCommand.cs
index 73150b149e39..f14a53261eb0 100644
--- a/src/Cli/dotnet/Commands/Run/CSharpCompilerCommand.cs
+++ b/src/Cli/dotnet/Commands/Run/CSharpCompilerCommand.cs
@@ -202,16 +202,25 @@ static bool HaveMatchingSizeAndTimeStamp(FileInfo sourceFile, FileInfo destinati
         }
     }
 
-    private void PrepareAuxiliaryFiles(out string rspPath)
+    internal static string WriteCscRspFile(string artifactsPath, ImmutableArray<string> cscArguments)
     {
-        rspPath = Path.Join(ArtifactsPath, "csc.rsp");
+        string rspPath = GetCscRspPath(artifactsPath);
+        File.WriteAllLines(rspPath, cscArguments);
+        return rspPath;
+    }
+
+    private static string GetCscRspPath(string artifactsPath) => Path.Join(artifactsPath, "csc.rsp");
 
+    private void PrepareAuxiliaryFiles(out string rspPath)
+    {
         if (!CscArguments.IsDefaultOrEmpty)
         {
-            File.WriteAllLines(rspPath, CscArguments);
+            rspPath = WriteCscRspFile(ArtifactsPath, CscArguments);
             return;
         }
 
+        rspPath = GetCscRspPath(ArtifactsPath);
+
         // Note that Release builds won't go through this optimized code path because `-c Release` translates to global property `Configuration=Release`
         // and customizing global properties triggers a full MSBuild run.
         string objDir = Path.Join(ArtifactsPath, "obj", "debug");
diff --git a/src/Cli/dotnet/Commands/Run/VirtualProjectBuildingCommand.cs b/src/Cli/dotnet/Commands/Run/VirtualProjectBuildingCommand.cs
index 0011c2604535..2282adbd535c 100644
--- a/src/Cli/dotnet/Commands/Run/VirtualProjectBuildingCommand.cs
+++ b/src/Cli/dotnet/Commands/Run/VirtualProjectBuildingCommand.cs
@@ -315,9 +315,15 @@ public override int Execute()
             // Then do a build.
             if (exitCode == 0 && !NoBuild && !evalOnly)
             {
+                var effectiveTargets = Builder.RequestedTargets is { Length: > 0 } requestedTargets
+                    ? requestedTargets
+                    : [Constants.Build, Constants.CoreCompile];
                 var buildRequest = new BuildRequestData(
                     CreateProjectInstance(projectCollection),
-                    targetsToBuild: Builder.RequestedTargets ?? [Constants.Build, Constants.CoreCompile]);
+                    targetsToBuild: effectiveTargets,
+                    hostServices: null,
+                    // SkipNonexistentTargets: CoreCompile doesn't exist in the outer build of multi-target projects.
+                    BuildRequestDataFlags.SkipNonexistentTargets);
 
                 var buildResult = BuildManager.DefaultBuildManager.BuildRequest(buildRequest);
                 if (buildResult.OverallResult != BuildResultCode.Success)
@@ -339,6 +345,7 @@ public override int Execute()
                         cache.CurrentEntry.Run = LastRunProperties;
 
                         CacheCscArguments(cache, buildResult);
+                        WriteCscRsp(cache);
                         CollectAdditionalSources(cache, buildRequest.ProjectInstance);
 
                         MarkBuildSuccess(cache);
@@ -489,6 +496,17 @@ void ReuseInfoFromPreviousCacheEntry(CacheInfo cache)
             }
         }
 
+        void WriteCscRsp(CacheInfo cache)
+        {
+            if (cache.CurrentEntry.CscArguments.IsDefaultOrEmpty)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            string rspPath = CSharpCompilerCommand.WriteCscRspFile(Builder.ArtifactsPath, cache.CurrentEntry.CscArguments);
+            Reporter.Verbose.WriteLine($"Wrote '{rspPath}'.");
+        }
+
         bool CanSaveCache(ProjectInstance projectInstance)
         {
             if (!MSBuildUtilities.ConvertStringToBool(projectInstance.GetPropertyValue(FileBasedProgramCanSkipMSBuild), defaultValue: true))
diff --git a/test/dotnet.Tests/CommandTests/Run/RunFileTests.cs b/test/dotnet.Tests/CommandTests/Run/RunFileTests.cs
index 8fe934968e4d..548e950d06be 100644
--- a/test/dotnet.Tests/CommandTests/Run/RunFileTests.cs
+++ b/test/dotnet.Tests/CommandTests/Run/RunFileTests.cs
@@ -5515,6 +5515,63 @@ public void CscOnly_AfterMSBuild_AuxiliaryFilesNotReused()
         Build(testInstance, BuildLevel.Csc, expectedOutput: "v3 ");
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Verifies that <c>csc.rsp</c> is written to disk after a full MSBuild build,
+    /// so that IDEs can read it to create a virtual project.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void MSBuild_WritesCscRsp()
+    {
+        var testInstance = _testAssetsManager.CreateTestDirectory(baseDirectory: OutOfTreeBaseDirectory);
+
+        var programPath = Path.Join(testInstance.Path, "Program.cs");
+        File.WriteAllText(programPath, """
+            #:property Configuration=Release
+            Console.Write("Hello");
+            """);
+
+        // Remove artifacts from possible previous runs of this test.
+        var artifactsDir = VirtualProjectBuilder.GetArtifactsPath(programPath);
+        if (Directory.Exists(artifactsDir)) Directory.Delete(artifactsDir, recursive: true);
+
+        // A build directive forces a full MSBuild build.
+        Build(testInstance, BuildLevel.All, expectedOutput: "Hello");
+
+        // csc.rsp should be written to disk after a full MSBuild build.
+        var rspPath = Path.Join(artifactsDir, "csc.rsp");
+        File.Exists(rspPath).Should().BeTrue("csc.rsp should be written after a full MSBuild build");
+        File.ReadAllLines(rspPath).Should().NotBeEmpty("csc.rsp should contain compiler arguments");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Verifies that <c>csc.rsp</c> is written to disk after <c>dotnet build file.cs</c>,
+    /// so that IDEs can read it to create a virtual project.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void DotnetBuild_WritesCscRsp()
+    {
+        var testInstance = _testAssetsManager.CreateTestDirectory();
+
+        var programPath = Path.Join(testInstance.Path, "Program.cs");
+        File.WriteAllText(programPath, """
+            Console.Write("Hello");
+            """);
+
+        // Remove artifacts from possible previous runs of this test.
+        var artifactsDir = VirtualProjectBuilder.GetArtifactsPath(programPath);
+        if (Directory.Exists(artifactsDir)) Directory.Delete(artifactsDir, recursive: true);
+
+        new DotnetCommand(Log, "build", "Program.cs")
+            .WithWorkingDirectory(testInstance.Path)
+            .Execute()
+            .Should().Pass();
+
+        // csc.rsp should be written to disk after dotnet build.
+        var rspPath = Path.Join(artifactsDir, "csc.rsp");
+        File.Exists(rspPath).Should().BeTrue("csc.rsp should be written after dotnet build file.cs");
+        File.ReadAllLines(rspPath).Should().NotBeEmpty("csc.rsp should contain compiler arguments");
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Testing <see cref="CscOnly"/> optimization when the NuGet cache is cleared between builds.
     /// See <see href="https://github.com/dotnet/sdk/issues/45169"/>.