diff --git a/src/Controls/src/Core/Handlers/Items/iOS/ObservableGroupedSource.cs b/src/Controls/src/Core/Handlers/Items/iOS/ObservableGroupedSource.cs
index 93d36e034e6f..5a1a3125b18e 100644
--- a/src/Controls/src/Core/Handlers/Items/iOS/ObservableGroupedSource.cs
+++ b/src/Controls/src/Core/Handlers/Items/iOS/ObservableGroupedSource.cs
@@ -164,9 +164,19 @@ void CollectionChanged(NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs args)
 			if (!_collectionViewController.TryGetTarget(out var controller))
 				return;
 
-			// Force UICollectionView to get the internal accounting straight
 			var collectionView = controller.CollectionView;
-			UpdateSection(collectionView);
+
+			// Force UICollectionView to get the internal accounting straight.
+			// Skip for Remove: standard INotifyCollectionChanged semantics require the item to be
+			// already removed from the backing collection before CollectionChanged fires. This means
+			// _groupSource has N-1 items when we receive Remove, but UIKit still has N sections.
+			// Calling UpdateSection here triggers GetGroupCount with UIKit's stale section index
+			// (N-1), which is out of range on the already-mutated _groupSource → ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
+			// The post-processing UpdateSection call below handles reconciliation after DeleteSections.
+			if (args.Action != NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove)
+			{
+				UpdateSection(collectionView);
+			}
 
 			switch (args.Action)
 			{
@@ -360,6 +370,12 @@ void Move(NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs args)
 
 		int GetGroupCount(int groupIndex)
 		{
+			// Defensive bounds check: UIKit can call back synchronously during DeleteSections,
+			// and other re-entrancy scenarios may present a stale groupIndex. Return 0 instead
+			// of throwing ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
+			if ((uint)groupIndex >= (uint)_groupSource.Count)
+				return 0;
+
 			switch (_groupSource[groupIndex])
 			{
 				case IList list:
diff --git a/src/Controls/tests/DeviceTests/Elements/CollectionView/CollectionViewTests.iOS.cs b/src/Controls/tests/DeviceTests/Elements/CollectionView/CollectionViewTests.iOS.cs
index 1a9dfd28b7ce..cfb18040853f 100644
--- a/src/Controls/tests/DeviceTests/Elements/CollectionView/CollectionViewTests.iOS.cs
+++ b/src/Controls/tests/DeviceTests/Elements/CollectionView/CollectionViewTests.iOS.cs
@@ -49,6 +49,125 @@ await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<CollectionViewHandler>(collectionView, async h
 			});
 		}
 
+		// Regression tests for https://github.com/dotnet/maui/issues/34691
+		// ObservableGroupedSource.CollectionChanged() called UpdateSection() before Remove,
+		// causing GetGroupCount to access a stale section index → ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
+		// Each test forces a synchronous UIKit layout pass after removal to exercise the fix.
+
+		[Fact(DisplayName = "Removing last section from grouped CollectionView does not crash (Handler2)")]
+		public async Task ItemsSourceGroupedRemoveLastSectionDoesNotCrash()
+		{
+			SetupBuilder();
+
+			var data = new List<string> { "item 1", "item 2", "item 3" };
+			var groupData = new ObservableCollection<CollectionViewStringGroup>
+			{
+				new("Header 1", data),
+				new("Header 2", data),
+				new("Header 3", data),
+			};
+
+			var collectionView = new CollectionView
+			{
+				IsGrouped = true,
+				ItemsSource = groupData,
+				ItemTemplate = new DataTemplate(() => new Label()),
+			};
+
+			var initialFrame = collectionView.Frame;
+
+			await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<CollectionViewHandler2>(collectionView, async handler =>
+			{
+				await WaitForUIUpdate(initialFrame, collectionView);
+				var uiCollectionView = handler.Controller.CollectionView;
+
+				groupData.RemoveAt(groupData.Count - 1);
+
+				uiCollectionView.SetNeedsLayout();
+				uiCollectionView.LayoutIfNeeded();
+
+				Assert.Equal(groupData.Count, (int)uiCollectionView.NumberOfSections());
+			});
+		}
+
+		[Fact(DisplayName = "Removing first section from grouped CollectionView does not crash (Handler2)")]
+		public async Task ItemsSourceGroupedRemoveFirstSectionDoesNotCrash()
+		{
+			SetupBuilder();
+
+			var data = new List<string> { "item 1", "item 2" };
+			var groupData = new ObservableCollection<CollectionViewStringGroup>
+			{
+				new("Header 1", data),
+				new("Header 2", data),
+				new("Header 3", data),
+			};
+
+			var collectionView = new CollectionView
+			{
+				IsGrouped = true,
+				ItemsSource = groupData,
+				ItemTemplate = new DataTemplate(() => new Label()),
+			};
+
+			var initialFrame = collectionView.Frame;
+
+			await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<CollectionViewHandler2>(collectionView, async handler =>
+			{
+				await WaitForUIUpdate(initialFrame, collectionView);
+				var uiCollectionView = handler.Controller.CollectionView;
+
+				groupData.RemoveAt(0);
+				uiCollectionView.SetNeedsLayout();
+				uiCollectionView.LayoutIfNeeded();
+				Assert.Equal(groupData.Count, (int)uiCollectionView.NumberOfSections());
+
+				groupData.RemoveAt(0);
+				uiCollectionView.SetNeedsLayout();
+				uiCollectionView.LayoutIfNeeded();
+				Assert.Equal(groupData.Count, (int)uiCollectionView.NumberOfSections());
+			});
+		}
+
+		[Fact(DisplayName = "Removing all sections one by one from grouped CollectionView does not crash (Handler2)")]
+		public async Task ItemsSourceGroupedRemoveAllSectionsOneByOneDoesNotCrash()
+		{
+			SetupBuilder();
+
+			var data = new List<string> { "item 1", "item 2" };
+			var groupData = new ObservableCollection<CollectionViewStringGroup>
+			{
+				new("Header 1", data),
+				new("Header 2", data),
+				new("Header 3", data),
+			};
+
+			var collectionView = new CollectionView
+			{
+				IsGrouped = true,
+				ItemsSource = groupData,
+				ItemTemplate = new DataTemplate(() => new Label()),
+			};
+
+			var initialFrame = collectionView.Frame;
+
+			await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<CollectionViewHandler2>(collectionView, async handler =>
+			{
+				await WaitForUIUpdate(initialFrame, collectionView);
+				var uiCollectionView = handler.Controller.CollectionView;
+
+				while (groupData.Count > 0)
+				{
+					groupData.RemoveAt(groupData.Count - 1);
+					uiCollectionView.SetNeedsLayout();
+					uiCollectionView.LayoutIfNeeded();
+					Assert.Equal(groupData.Count, (int)uiCollectionView.NumberOfSections());
+				}
+
+				Assert.Empty(groupData);
+			});
+		}
+
 		class CollectionViewStringGroup : List<string>
 		{
 			public string GroupHeader { get; private set; }