Python Basics 1.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "![](https://i0.wp.com/spuriq.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/spuriq_site_logo_tagline.png?zoom=2&fit=150%2C69&ssl=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Python Basics"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Setup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n",
      "John\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 5\n",
    "y = \"John\"\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sally\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 4         # x is of type int\n",
    "x = \"Sally\"   # x is now of type str\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python is awesome\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = \"awesome\"\n",
    "print(\"Python is \" + x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5John\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 5\n",
    "y = \"John\"\n",
    "print(str(x) + y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Operators"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "7\n",
      "1\n",
      "12\n",
      "1.3333333333333333\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 4\n",
    "y = 3\n",
    "print(x+y)\n",
    "print(x-y)\n",
    "print(x*y)\n",
    "print(x/y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "7\n",
      "6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 4\n",
    "y = 3\n",
    "x += y\n",
    "y *= 2\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Decision Making"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b is greater than a\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 22\n",
    "b = 100\n",
    "if b > a:\n",
    "    print(\"b is greater than a\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a and b are equal\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 20\n",
    "b = 20\n",
    "if b > a:\n",
    "    print(\"b is greater than a\")\n",
    "elif a == b:\n",
    "    print(\"a and b are equal\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a is greater than b\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 100\n",
    "b = 20\n",
    "if b > a:\n",
    "    print(\"b is greater than a\")\n",
    "elif a == b:\n",
    "    print(\"a and b are equal\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"a is greater than b\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Both conditions are True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 100\n",
    "b = 20\n",
    "c = 200\n",
    "if a > b and c > a:\n",
    "    print(\"Both conditions are True\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "At least one of the conditions is True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if a > b or a > c:\n",
    "    print(\"At least one of the conditions is True\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, World!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello, World!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "H\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(a[0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(b[0:5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, World!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"  Hello, World!  \"\n",
    "print(a.strip())         # returns \"Hello, World!\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "13\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(len(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello, world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(a.lower())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "HELLO, WORLD!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(a.upper())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(a.replace(\"World\", \"Class\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(a.split(\",\"))   # returns ['Hello', ' World!']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "banana\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = thislist[1]  # sets x to \"banana\"\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 'orange', 'cherry']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist[1] = \"orange\"\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits list\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if \"apple\" in thislist:\n",
    "    print(\"Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits list\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y = len(thislist)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "thislist.append(\"orange\")\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'cherry']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "thislist.insert(1, \"orange\")\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 'cherry']\n",
      "['apple', 'cherry']\n",
      "['apple', 'cherry']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "thislist.remove(\"banana\")\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "del thislist[1]\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "thislist.pop(1)\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'thislist' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-29-4b9c960a30eb>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthislist\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"apple\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\"banana\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\"cherry\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdel\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthislist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mthislist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'thislist' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "del thislist\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "thislist.clear()\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "mylist = thislist.copy()\n",
    "print(mylist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n",
    "mylist = list(thislist)\n",
    "print(mylist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thislist = list((\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"))\n",
    "print(thislist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Arrays"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[3, 6, 9, 12]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = [3, 6, 9, 12]\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'array' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-34-db059ba4f7d4>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0marray\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m6\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m9\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m12\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0my\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'array' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y = array([3, 6, 9, 12])\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[ 3  6  9 12]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y = np.array([3, 6, 9, 12])\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'list' and 'int'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-38-f7e0d92ed196>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'list' and 'int'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(x/3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1. 2. 3. 4.]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(y/3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(thistuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "banana\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = thistuple[1]  # sets x to \"banana\"\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if \"apple\" in thistuple:\n",
    "    print(\"Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits tuple\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y = len(thistuple)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sets"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'banana', 'cherry', 'apple'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisset = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\n",
    "print(thisset)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"banana\" in thisset)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'banana', 'cherry', 'apple', 'orange'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisset = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\n",
    "thisset.add(\"orange\")\n",
    "print(thisset)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'banana', 'apple', 'mango', 'orange', 'cherry', 'grapes'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisset = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\n",
    "thisset.update([\"orange\", \"mango\", \"grapes\"])\n",
    "print(thisset)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisset = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\n",
    "y = len(thisset)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'cherry', 'apple'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisset = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\n",
    "thisset.remove(\"banana\")\n",
    "print(thisset)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'cherry', 'apple'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisset = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\n",
    "thisset.discard(\"banana\")\n",
    "print(thisset)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dictionaries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'make': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1966}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = {\n",
    "    \"make\": \"Ford\",\n",
    "    \"model\": \"Mustang\",\n",
    "    \"year\": 1966\n",
    "}\n",
    "print(thisdict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Mustang\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = thisdict[\"model\"]\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Mustang\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = thisdict.get(\"model\")\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'make': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 2019}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict[\"year\"] = 2019\n",
    "print(thisdict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Yes, 'year' is one of the keys in the dictionary\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = {\n",
    "    \"make\": \"Ford\",\n",
    "    \"model\": \"Mustang\",\n",
    "    \"year\": 1966\n",
    "}\n",
    "if \"year\" in thisdict:\n",
    "    print(\"Yes, 'year' is one of the keys in the dictionary\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(thisdict))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'make': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1966, 'color': 'black'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict[\"color\"] = \"black\"\n",
    "print(thisdict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = {\n",
    "    \"make\": \"Ford\",\n",
    "    \"model\": \"Mustang\",\n",
    "    \"year\": 1966\n",
    "}\n",
    "thisdict.pop(\"model\")\n",
    "print(thisdict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'make': 'Ford', 'year': 1966}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = {\n",
    "    \"make\": \"Ford\",\n",
    "    \"model\": \"Mustang\",\n",
    "    \"year\": 1966\n",
    "}\n",
    "del thisdict[\"model\"]\n",
    "print(thisdict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'thisdict' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-59-06dcc60aef37>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m }\n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdel\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthisdict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mthisdict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'thisdict' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = {\n",
    "    \"make\": \"Ford\",\n",
    "    \"model\": \"Mustang\",\n",
    "    \"year\": 1966\n",
    "}\n",
    "del thisdict\n",
    "print(thisdict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = {\n",
    "    \"make\": \"Ford\",\n",
    "    \"model\": \"Mustang\",\n",
    "    \"year\": 1966\n",
    "}\n",
    "thisdict.clear()\n",
    "print(thisdict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'make': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1966}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = {\n",
    "    \"make\": \"Ford\",\n",
    "    \"model\": \"Mustang\",\n",
    "    \"year\": 1966\n",
    "}\n",
    "mydict = thisdict.copy()\n",
    "print(mydict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'make': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1966}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = {\n",
    "    \"make\": \"Ford\",\n",
    "    \"model\": \"Mustang\",\n",
    "    \"year\": 1966\n",
    "}\n",
    "mydict = dict(thisdict)\n",
    "print(mydict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'make': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1964}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thisdict = dict(make=\"Ford\", model=\"Mustang\", year=1964)\n",
    "print(thisdict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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