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<header>Updated: 2021-10-24 01:52:17 CST +08</header>
<main>
<h1 id="prometheus-storage-optimization">Prometheus Storage Optimization</h1>
<h2 id="storage-size-evaluation">Storage Size Evaluation</h2>
<pre><code class="language-math">needed_disk_space = retention_time_seconds * ingested_samples_per_second * bytes_per_sample (average 1-2 bytes per sample)
</code></pre>
<h2 id="data-structure">Data Structure</h2>
<p>The current block for incoming samples is kept in memory and is not fully persisted.</p>
<ul>
<li>./data
<ul>
<li>01BKGTZQ1SYQJTR4PB43C8PD98 (Ingested samples are grouped into blocks of two hours)
<ul>
<li>chunks (containing all the time series samples for that window of time)
<ul>
<li>000001 (segment files of up to 512MB)</li>
</ul></li>
<li>tombstones (When series are deleted via the API, deletion records are stored here)</li>
<li>index (indexes metric names and labels to time series in the chunks directory)</li>
<li>meta.json</li>
</ul></li>
<li>chunks_head
<ul>
<li>000001</li>
</ul></li>
<li>wal (keep at least two hours of raw data; replayed when the Prometheus server restarts; has not yet been compacted)
<ul>
<li>000000002 (stored in the wal directory in 128MB segments;retain a minimum of three write-ahead log files)</li>
<li>checkpoint.00000001
<ul>
<li>00000000</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>take up to two hours to remove expired blocks</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="find-largest-volume-metrics">Find largest volume metrics</h2>
<ul>
<li>web: <a href="http://your.prometheus.host:9090/tsdb-status">http://your.prometheus.host:9090/tsdb-status</a></li>
<li>query: <code>topk(10, count({__name__=~".+"}) by (__name__))</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="delete-metrics">Delete metrics</h2>
<p><a href="https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/api/#delete-series">https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/api/#delete-series</a></p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">$ curl -X POST \
-g 'http://your.prometheus.host:9090/api/v1/admin/tsdb/delete_series? \
match[]=up& \
match[]=http_request{status="200"}& \
start=1595521900& \
end=1595521990'
</code></pre>
<h2 id="use-relabel-to-reduce-metrics">Use relabel to reduce metrics</h2>
<p>1 target could have N metrics</p>
<ul>
<li>reduce target by <code>relabel_configs</code></li>
<li>reduce metrics from target by <code>source_labels</code> in <code>metric_relabel_configs</code></li>
<li>reduct label from metrics by directly use <code>metric_relabel_configs</code></li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-yaml">scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'node'
ec2_sd_configs:
- region: us-west-2
port: 8080
# only discover tag Name is myapp
filters:
- name: "tag:name"
values:
- "myapp"
relabel_configs:
# Drop all metrics from windows server
- source_labels: [__meta_ec2_platform]
regex: windows
action: drop
metric_relabel_configs:
# keep only http_request with label status 20X metric
- source_labels: [__name__, status]
regex: 'http_request;20.'
action: keep
# drop all source ip label
- regex: 'source_ip'
action: labeldrop
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>Care must be taken with <code>labeldrop</code> and <code>labelkeep</code> to ensure that metrics are still uniquely labeled once the labels are removed.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="reference">Reference</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/storage/">STORAGE@Prometheus</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/release-2.29/tsdb/docs/format/README.md">TSDB format@Prometheus</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/dropping-metrics-at-scrape-time-with-prometheus">Dropping metrics at scrape time with Prometheus@Robust Perception</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.robustperception.io/relabel_configs-vs-metric_relabel_configs">relabel_configs vs metric_relabel_configs@Robust Perception</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/quiq-blog/prometheus-relabeling-tricks-6ae62c56cbda">Prometheus relabeling tricks@Quiq</a></li>
<li><a href="https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#relabel_config">relabel_config@Prometheus</a></li>
</ul>
<gcse:searchresults-only></gcse:searchresults-only>
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